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Seminars in Pediatric Neurology May 2017Cortical (cerebral) visual impairment (CVI) results from perinatal injury to visual processing structures and pathways of the brain and is the most common cause of... (Review)
Review
Cortical (cerebral) visual impairment (CVI) results from perinatal injury to visual processing structures and pathways of the brain and is the most common cause of severe visual impairment or blindness in children in developed countries. Children with CVI display a wide range of visual deficits including decreased visual acuity, impaired visual field function, as well as impairments in higher-order visual processing and attention. Together, these visual impairments can dramatically influence a child's development and well-being. Given the complex neurologic underpinnings of this condition, CVI is often undiagnosed by eye care practitioners. Furthermore, the neurophysiological basis of CVI in relation to observed visual processing deficits remains poorly understood. Here, we present some of the challenges associated with the clinical assessment and management of individuals with CVI. We discuss how advances in brain imaging are likely to help uncover the underlying neurophysiology of this condition. In particular, we demonstrate how structural and functional neuroimaging approaches can help gain insight into abnormalities of white matter connectivity and cortical activation patterns, respectively. Establishing a connection between how changes within the brain relate to visual impairments in CVI will be important for developing effective rehabilitative and education strategies for individuals living with this condition.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Neural Pathways; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 28941531
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.04.005 -
Optometry and Vision Science : Official... Dec 2016: Charles Bonnet Syndrome is a condition where visual hallucinations occur as a result of damage along the visual pathway. Patients with Charles Bonnet Syndrome maintain... (Review)
Review
: Charles Bonnet Syndrome is a condition where visual hallucinations occur as a result of damage along the visual pathway. Patients with Charles Bonnet Syndrome maintain partial or full insight that the hallucinations are not real, absence of psychological conditions, and absence of hallucinations affecting other sensory modalities, while maintaining intact intellectual functioning. Charles Bonnet Syndrome has been well documented in neurologic, geriatric medicine, and psychiatric literature, but there is lack of information in optometric and ophthalmologic literature. Therefore, increased awareness of signs and symptoms associated with Charles Bonnet Syndrome is required among practicing clinicians. This review of the literature will also identify other etiologies of visual hallucinations, pathophysiology of Charles Bonnet Syndrome, and effective management strategies.
Topics: Awareness; Hallucinations; Humans; Syndrome; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 27529611
DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000959 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Mar 2011Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), also known as Groenblad syndrome, is an inherited disorder characterised by mineralisation and fragmentation of elastic fibres in a... (Review)
Review
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), also known as Groenblad syndrome, is an inherited disorder characterised by mineralisation and fragmentation of elastic fibres in a number of organs including the skin, eyes and arterial blood vessels. The clinical manifestations of PXE centre on three major organ systems: skin, cardiovascular system and the eyes. This review focuses on the ocular manifestations of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, namely, peau d'orange, angioid streaks and choroidal neovascularisation, the clinical course of patients, the diagnostic approaches and current therapeutic strategies, such as laser photocoagulation whether transpupillary thermotherapy or photodynamic therapy, macular translocation surgery and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.
Topics: Humans; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum; Retinal Diseases; Vision Disorders; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 21198842
DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00559.x -
Comptes Rendus Biologies Mar 2014
Topics: Animals; Humans; Vision Disorders; Vision, Ocular
PubMed: 24702840
DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.02.003 -
Eye (London, England) Apr 2017The purpose of this article is to summarise methodological challenges and opportunities in the development and application of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs)... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to summarise methodological challenges and opportunities in the development and application of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for the rare and complex population of children with visually impairing disorders. Following a literature review on development and application of PROMs in children in general, including those with disabilities and or/chronic condition, we identified and discuss here 5 key issues that are specific to children with visual impairment: (1) the conflation between theoretically distinct vision-related constructs and outcomes, (2) the importance of developmentally appropriate approaches to design and application of PROMs, (3) feasibility of standard questionnaire formats and administration for children with different levels of visual impairment, (4) feasibility and nature of self-reporting by visually impaired children, and (5) epidemiological, statistical and ethical considerations. There is an established need for vision-specific age-appropriate PROMs for use in paediatric ophthalmology, but there are significant practical and methodological challenges in developing and applying appropriate measures. Further understanding of the characteristics and needs of visually impaired children as questionnaire respondents is necessary for development of quality PROMs and their meaningful application in clinical practice and research.
Topics: Child; Chronic Disease; Humans; Needs Assessment; Ophthalmology; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Pediatrics; Psychometrics; Quality of Health Care; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 28085146
DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.316 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Visual Acuity; Acupuncture Therapy; Physical Therapy Modalities; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 36594283
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0222 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2015A systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between visual impairment and depression in the elderly. We searched electronic databases (LILACS,... (Review)
Review
A systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between visual impairment and depression in the elderly. We searched electronic databases (LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from inception to August 2014 and researched the described references. The search strategy used the following terms: (visual impairment or blindness) and (elderly) and (depression). Of the 641 electronics, 42 works were selected in full and another 20 were identified as being possibly relevant. Ten studies were included. The studies ranged in sample size from 31 to 21,995 participants. Depression was associated with visual impairment in all studies; however, without standardization of diagnostic tests, we could not conduct a meta-analysis or establish a relationship between visual impairment and depression in the elderly.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Anxiety; Bias; Blindness; Databases, Bibliographic; Depression; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 26222114
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20150051 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Apr 1999Visual complaints without a physical basis are not uncommon presentations to the general physician, the neurologist, or the ophthalmologist. These alleged visual... (Review)
Review
Visual complaints without a physical basis are not uncommon presentations to the general physician, the neurologist, or the ophthalmologist. These alleged visual disturbances may be psychogenic or feigned. The diagnosis is made when all possible contributory pathology of the visual system is excluded, and reassurance remains the cornerstone of management.
Topics: Blindness; Electroretinography; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Female; Humans; Male; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Vision Disorders; Vision Tests; Visual Fields
PubMed: 10715758
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.75.882.201 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Feb 2023Visual impairment adversely impacts quality of life and affects more than 295 million individuals globally. Currently, there is no cure or tissue regenerative approaches... (Review)
Review
Visual impairment adversely impacts quality of life and affects more than 295 million individuals globally. Currently, there is no cure or tissue regenerative approaches in clinical practice for vision loss caused by corneal disease, glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and inherited retinal disease. Stem cells-based therapeutic approaches to diseases causing moderate to severe visual impairment have shown encouraging outcomes in animal models and in vitro studies. The goal of this narrative review is to describe and evaluate the potential of stem cell-based treatment, and their advantages and safety concerns in treating conditions causing vision loss.
Topics: Animals; Quality of Life; Vision Disorders; Cataract; Glaucoma; Diabetic Retinopathy; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
PubMed: 36788396
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.AKUS-13 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2014Children with visual impairment and a condition affecting their neurodevelopment (children with VND) may require extensive and specialised help but evidence on the most... (Review)
Review
Children with visual impairment and a condition affecting their neurodevelopment (children with VND) may require extensive and specialised help but evidence on the most effective strategies for visual improvement is lacking. We defined a PICO format (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) for a scoping review and systematically searched 13 databases. Two reviewers assessed the abstracts for inclusion and a third arbitrated in cases of disagreement. We abstracted data from included studies. We found 4450 abstracts from which we identified 107 papers for inclusion. Of these, 42 related to interventions involving a change in visual input or function: 5 controlled trials, 8 before and after studies and 29 case reports. The strongest evidence supported the provision of spectacles to improve distance or near vision and the use of ultraviolet light as environmental modification for training. Less strong but suggestive evidence supported training/practice routines to improve acuity or oculomotor control. Interventions exist to help children with VND and current recommendations that they are assessed by a vision specialist are supported by the evidence. More information is needed on the effectiveness of training/practice programmes which may promote improved function, and of environmental modifications to facilitate engagement of children with VND with the surroundings.
Topics: Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 24158842
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304225