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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Mar 2012Bovine respiratory disease complex is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. A number of vaccines against bacterial respiratory pathogens are... (Review)
Review
Evidence-based effectiveness of vaccination against Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni in feedlot cattle for mitigating the incidence and effect of bovine respiratory disease complex.
Bovine respiratory disease complex is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. A number of vaccines against bacterial respiratory pathogens are commercially available and researchers have studied their impact on morbidity, mortality, and other disease outcome measures in feedlot cattle. A systematic review will provide veterinarians with a rigorous and transparent evaluation of the published literature to estimate the extent of vaccine effect. Unfortunately, the published body of evidence does not provide a consistent estimate of the direction and magnitude of effectiveness in feedlot cattle vaccination against Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, or Histophilus somni.
Topics: Animals; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; Cattle; Evidence-Based Medicine; Incidence; Mannheimia haemolytica; Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurellaceae; Vaccination
PubMed: 22374120
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.12.005 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Mar 2020To quantify acute immunologic and metabolic responses of beef heifers following topical administration of transdermal flunixin meglumine (TDFM) at various times relative...
Acute immunologic and metabolic responses of beef heifers following topical administration of flunixin meglumine at various times relative to bovine herpesvirus 1 and challenges.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify acute immunologic and metabolic responses of beef heifers following topical administration of transdermal flunixin meglumine (TDFM) at various times relative to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and challenges.
ANIMALS
32 beef heifers (mean body weight, 170 kg).
PROCEDURES
Heifers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups. Heifers in the control group did not receive TDFM, whereas 1 dose of TDFM (3.3 mg/kg) was topically applied to heifers of groups A, V, and B at -144, -72, and 0 hours. All heifers were inoculated with 1 × 10 plaque-forming units of BHV1 in each nostril at -72 hours and with 1.18 × 10 CFUs of intratracheally at 0 hours. Vaginal temperature was recorded and blood samples were collected for quantification of select immunologic and metabolic biomarkers at predetermined times from -144 to 360 hours.
RESULTS
Mean vaginal temperature was similar between group A and the control group. Mean vaginal temperatures for groups V and B were generally lower than that for the control group following BHV1 and challenges, respectively. Mean neutrophil oxidative burst capacity and L-selectin expression at 0 hours were significantly decreased for group V relative to the other groups. Other biomarkers did not differ among the groups at any time.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that topical administration of TDFM to beef cattle effectively alleviated pyrexia without adverse effects on acute immunologic or metabolic responses when TDFM was administered at the same time as, but not before, respiratory pathogen challenge.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Cattle; Clonixin; Female; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine; Mannheimia haemolytica; Red Meat
PubMed: 32101043
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.3.243 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2011The aim of this study was to describe parasitological, microbiological, and pathological findings associated with the isolation of Aspergillus species in 94 clinically...
The aim of this study was to describe parasitological, microbiological, and pathological findings associated with the isolation of Aspergillus species in 94 clinically diseased captive falcons from Dubai. Concomitant agents and/or diseases were identified in 64 cases, causing either single (n = 36) or multiple coinfections (n = 28). Diagnoses found more often in association with aspergillosis were chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS) (n = 29), Caryospora sp. (n = 16), Serratospiculum seurati infestation (n = 14), cestodiasis (n = 6), bumblefoot (n = 5), trematodosis due to Strigea falconispalumbi (n = 5), trichomoniasis (n = 4), Babesia shortti (n = 4), Mannheimia (Pastorella) haemolytica (n = 4), interstitial hepatitis (n = 4), Escherichia coli (n = 3), and Clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia (n = 2). Compared with a control group of 2000 diseased falcons without evidence of aspergillosis, the prevalence of Babesia shortti, CFIDS, Mannheimia (Pastorella) haemolytica, Escherichia coli, and falcon herpes virus infection was conspicuously higher in association with aspergillosis. These entities may be considered suitable candidates as predisposing factors for the mycosis.
PubMed: 21754937
DOI: 10.1155/2011/176963 -
PloS One 2024Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal agent contributing to bovine respiratory disease and can form biofilms with increased resistance to antibiotic treatment and host...
Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal agent contributing to bovine respiratory disease and can form biofilms with increased resistance to antibiotic treatment and host immune defenses. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying M. haemolytica biofilm formation, transcriptomic analyses were performed with mRNAs sequenced from planktonic and biofilm cultures of pathogenic serotypes 1 (St 1; strain D153) and St 6 (strain D174), and St 2 (strain D35). The three M. haemolytica serotypes were cultured in two different media, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 and brain heart infusion (BHI) to form the biofilms. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the functions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in biofilm associated cells were not significantly affected by the two media. A total of 476 to 662 DEGs were identified between biofilm associated cells and planktonic cells cultured under BHI medium. Functional analysis of the DEGs indicated that those genes were significantly enriched in translation and many biosynthetic processes. There were 234 DEGs identified in St 1 and 6, but not in St 2. The functions of the DEGs included structural constituents of ribosomes, transmembrane proton transportation, proton channels, and proton-transporting ATP synthase. Potentially, some of the DEGs identified in this study provide insight into the design of new M. haemolytica vaccine candidates.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mannheimia haemolytica; Plankton; Protons; Biofilms; Cattle Diseases; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38329985
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297692 -
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI Feb 2013Mannheimia haemolytica, a major causative agent in bovine respiratory disease, inflicts extensive losses each year on cattle producers. Commercially available vaccines...
Mannheimia haemolytica, a major causative agent in bovine respiratory disease, inflicts extensive losses each year on cattle producers. Commercially available vaccines are only partially efficacious. Immunity to M. haemolytica requires antibodies to secreted toxins and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the bacterium. Gram-negative bacteria produce membrane blebs or vesicles, the membrane components of which are primarily derived from OMPs. Accordingly, vesicles have been used as immunogens with various degrees of success. This study characterized components of M. haemolytica vesicles and determined their immunogenicity in mice and cattle. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of vesicles from this bacterium identified 226 proteins, of which 58 (25.6%) were OMPs and periplasmic and one (0.44%) was extracellular. Vesicles were used to vaccinate dairy calves and BALB/c mice. Analyses of sera from calves and mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that circulating antibodies against M. haemolytica whole cells and leukotoxin were significantly higher on days 21 and 28 (P < 0.05) than on day 0. For control calves and mice, there were no significant differences in serum anti-whole-cell and leukotoxin antibody levels from days 0 and 21 or 28, respectively. Lesion scores of lungs from vaccinated calves (15.95%) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those from nonvaccinated calves (42.65%). Sera from mice on day 28 and calves on day 21 showed 100% serum bactericidal activity. Sera from vesicle-vaccinated mice neutralized leukotoxin.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Vaccines; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cytoplasmic Vesicles; Mannheimia haemolytica; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Vaccination
PubMed: 23239798
DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00622-12 -
Veterinary Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2022Pneumonic pasteurellosis mainly caused by bacterial species of , and causes a significant financial loss to the sheep production sector through reduced productivity and...
Isolation and Molecular Detection of Pasteurellosis from Pneumonic Sheep in Selected Areas of Amhara Region, Ethiopia: An Implication for Designing Effective Ovine Pasteurellosis Vaccine.
INTRODUCTION
Pneumonic pasteurellosis mainly caused by bacterial species of , and causes a significant financial loss to the sheep production sector through reduced productivity and high mortality. There is a dearth of information on the major agents involved in the disease in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and molecularly confirm , and from nasal swabs of sheep suspected of pneumonic pasteurellosis in selected areas of the Amhara region.
METHODS
Isolation and phenotypic characterization were performed using microbiological and biochemical testing according to standard methods. Molecular confirmation of isolates was done through amplification of virulence associated genes, and , of using multiplex PCR.
RESULTS
Accordingly, 46 out of 141 (32.62%) samples were presumably identified as with no and . Seven (n=7) out of the 46 isolates tested positive for either of the two virulence genes.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The finding of this study is indicative that is the main bacteria linked with pneumonic pasteurellosis in the study area which suggests the need to develop a polyvalent vaccine including strains of or its antigenic determinants. However, the role of other bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents in the cases investigated should also be considered.
PubMed: 35497709
DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S365267 -
Microbes and Infection Jul 2000Pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to the sheep and cattle industry throughout the world. Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica is one of the most important respiratory... (Review)
Review
Pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to the sheep and cattle industry throughout the world. Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of domestic ruminants and causes serious outbreaks of acute pneumonia in neonatal, weaned and growing lambs, calves, and goats. M. haemolytica is also an important cause of pneumonia in adult animals. Transportation, viral infections with agents such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza-3 virus or bovine respiratory syncytial virus, overcrowding, housing of neonates and weaned animals together and other stressful conditions predispose animals to M. haemolytica infection [1, 2]. This review assimilates some of the findings key to cellular and molecular responses of the lung from a pathologist's perspective. It includes some of what is known and underscores areas that are not fully understood.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Goat Diseases; Goats; Lung; Macrophages, Alveolar; Mannheimia haemolytica; Mast Cells; Microscopy, Electron; Neutrophils; Pasteurella Infections; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Respiratory Mucosa; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 10967288
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01262-4 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jan 2011The tbpBA operon was sequenced in 42 representative isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica (32), Mannheimia glucosida (6) and Bibersteinia trehalosi (4). A total of 27 tbpB...
The tbpBA operon was sequenced in 42 representative isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica (32), Mannheimia glucosida (6) and Bibersteinia trehalosi (4). A total of 27 tbpB and 20 tbpA alleles were identified whilst the tbpBA operon was represented by 28 unique alleles that could be assigned to seven classes. There were 1566 (34.8% variation) polymorphic nucleotide sites and 482 (32.1% variation) variable inferred amino acid positions among the 42 tbpBA sequences. The tbpBA operons of serotype A2 M. haemolytica isolates are, with one exception, substantially more diverse than those of the other M. haemolytica serotypes and most likely have a different ancestral origin. The tbpBA phylogeny has been severely disrupted by numerous small- and large-scale intragenic recombination events. In addition, assortative (entire gene) recombination events, involving either the entire tbpBA operon or the individual tbpB and tbpA genes, have played a major role in shaping tbpBA structure and it's distribution in the three species. Our findings indicate that a common gene pool exists for tbpBA in M. haemolytica, M. glucosida and B. trehalosi. In particular, B. trehalosi, M. glucosida and ovine M. haemolytica isolates share a large portion of the tbpA gene, and this probably reflects selection for a conserved TbpA protein that provides effective iron uptake in sheep. Bovine and ovine serotype A2 lineages have very different tbpBA alleles. Bovine-like tbpBA alleles have been partially, or completely, replaced by ovine-like tbpBA alleles in ovine serotype A2 isolates, suggesting that different transferrin receptors are required by serotype A2 isolates for optimum iron uptake in cattle and sheep. Conversely, the tbpBA alleles of bovine-pathogenic serotype A1 and A6 isolates are very similar to those of closely related ovine isolates, suggesting a recent and common evolutionary origin.
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Cattle; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Molecular Sequence Data; Operon; Pasteurellaceae; Polymorphism, Genetic; Recombination, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology; Sheep; Transferrin-Binding Protein A; Transferrin-Binding Protein B
PubMed: 20884693
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.041236-0 -
BMC Microbiology Aug 2020Mannheimia haemolytica strains isolated from North American cattle have been classified into two genotypes (1 and 2). Although members of both genotypes have been... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Mannheimia haemolytica strains isolated from North American cattle have been classified into two genotypes (1 and 2). Although members of both genotypes have been isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tracts of cattle with or without bovine respiratory disease (BRD), genotype 2 strains are much more frequently isolated from diseased lungs than genotype 1 strains. The mechanisms behind the increased association of genotype 2 M. haemolytica with BRD are not fully understood. To address that, and to search for interventions against genotype 2 M. haemolytica, complete, closed chromosome assemblies for 35 genotype 1 and 34 genotype 2 strains were generated and compared. Searches were conducted for the pan genome, core genes shared between the genotypes, and for genes specific to either genotype. Additionally, genes encoding outer membrane proteins (OMPs) specific to genotype 2 M. haemolytica were identified, and the diversity of their protein isoforms was characterized with predominantly unassembled, short-read genomic sequences for up to 1075 additional strains.
RESULTS
The pan genome of the 69 sequenced M. haemolytica strains consisted of 3111 genes, of which 1880 comprised a shared core between the genotypes. A core of 112 and 179 genes or gene variants were specific to genotype 1 and 2, respectively. Seven genes encoding predicted OMPs; a peptidase S6, a ligand-gated channel, an autotransporter outer membrane beta-barrel domain-containing protein (AOMB-BD-CP), a porin, and three different trimeric autotransporter adhesins were specific to genotype 2 as their genotype 1 homologs were either pseudogenes, or not detected. The AOMB-BD-CP gene, however, appeared to be truncated across all examined genotype 2 strains and to likely encode dysfunctional protein. Homologous gene sequences from additional M. haemolytica strains confirmed the specificity of the remaining six genotype 2 OMP genes and revealed they encoded low isoform diversity at the population level.
CONCLUSION
Genotype 2 M. haemolytica possess genes encoding conserved OMPs not found intact in more commensally prone genotype 1 strains. Some of the genotype 2 specific genes identified in this study are likely to have important biological roles in the pathogenicity of genotype 2 M. haemolytica, which is the primary bacterial cause of BRD.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Genotype; Mannheimia haemolytica; Mutation; Phylogeny; Respiratory Tract Infections; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32787780
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01932-2 -
Planta Medica Mar 2022Administration of essential oils as natural plant products with antimicrobial activity might be an alternative to antibiotic treatment of bovine respiratory disease. The...
Administration of essential oils as natural plant products with antimicrobial activity might be an alternative to antibiotic treatment of bovine respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the antimicrobial activity of 11 essential oils against isolated from the respiratory tract of calves using microdilution with determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration as well as agar disc diffusion. Additionally, antimicrobial activity against and bacteria in the clade was assessed by agar disc diffusion. Seven essential oil mixtures were also tested against all bacterial isolates. was strongly inhibited by cinnamon cassia and lemongrass oil followed by coriander, winter savory, thyme, clove, and peppermint oil in the microdilution assays. Eucalyptus, wintergreen, spruce, and star anise oil showed lower activity. Comparison of both methods revealed an underestimation of cinnamon cassia oil activity by agar disc diffusion and conflicting results for wintergreen oil in microdilution, which precipitated in broth. Cinnamon cassia, thyme, wintergreen, lemongrass, and winter savory oil all showed strong antimicrobial activity against . Bacteria in the clade were mostly inhibited by cinnamon cassia and thyme oil. isolates were more susceptible to inhibition by essential oils than isolates. Essential oil mixtures did not show stronger antibacterial activity than single essential oils. In conclusion, cinnamon cassia and lemongrass as well as coriander, winter savory, and thyme oil are promising candidates for treatment of -associated bovine respiratory infections.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Pasteurella multocida; Thymus Plant
PubMed: 35180782
DOI: 10.1055/a-1726-9291