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Journal of Nutrition Education and... 2015To identify maternal feeding goals and examine associations of number and type of goals with mother and child characteristics.
OBJECTIVE
To identify maternal feeding goals and examine associations of number and type of goals with mother and child characteristics.
DESIGN
Qualitative interviews about child feeding and quantitative assessment of goal prevalence and associations with mother and child characteristics.
SETTING
Southeastern Michigan.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 287 low-income mothers (31% Hispanic or non-white) and their children ages 4 to 8 years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Maternal feeding goals.
ANALYSIS
Themes were generated using the constant comparative method, individual interviews were coded, and the prevalence of feeding goals was determined. Regression analyses examined associations of mother and child characteristics with the number and type of feeding goals.
RESULTS
Thirteen maternal feeding goals were identified. The most prevalent were to restrict less nutrient-dense food (60%), promote autonomy around eating (54%), prevent obesity (53%), and promote fruits or vegetables (52%). A child who was female and heavier with an older, non-Hispanic white, more educated mother with less chaos in the home predicted more maternal feeding goals (all P < .05). Specific maternal and child characteristics were associated with individual feeding goals.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Depending on their current goals for child feeding, some mothers may benefit from interventions focused on goal development, whereas other mothers may benefit from interventions designed to facilitate goal implementation.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Feeding Behavior; Female; Goals; Humans; Male; Michigan; Mothers; Parenting; Poverty; Young Adult
PubMed: 26003749
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2015.03.012 -
Medicine Jul 2020Depression and anxiety are common psychological manifestations encountered during the antenatal stage of pregnancy. Treatments by pharmacological interventions have been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression and anxiety are common psychological manifestations encountered during the antenatal stage of pregnancy. Treatments by pharmacological interventions have been reported to impart negative implications on maternal and fetal health outcomes. Therefore, the use of psychotherapeutic interventions to bypass these side-effects and manage depression, anxiety has received a lot of attention. A meta-statistical consensus regarding the intervention is available, but with several limitations. In this study, we attempt to address these limitations and provide the current state of evidence evaluating the influence of psychotherapy on antenatal depression, anxiety, and maternal quality of life.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the effects of psychotherapy on depression, anxiety, and maternal quality of life during the antenatal stage of pregnancy.
METHODS
A systematic identification of literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on four academic databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and CENTRAL. A meta-analysis evaluated the influence of psychotherapy on depression, anxiety, and maternal quality of life as compared to conventional obstetric care.
RESULTS
Out of 1146 records, 22 articles including 2146 pregnant women (mean age: 28.6 ± 2.8 years) were included in this review. This systematic review presents a 1b level of evidence supporting the use of psychotherapy for reducing depression, anxiety and enhancing maternal quality of life. The meta-analysis reveals the beneficial effects of psychotherapy for reducing depression (Hedge g: -0.48), anxiety (-0.47) and enhancing maternal quality of life (0.19) as compared to conventional obstetric care.
CONCLUSIONS
The current systematic review and meta-analysis recommend the use of psychotherapy as for reducing depression, anxiety and enhancing maternal quality of life during the antenatal stage of pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Mothers; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Psychotherapy; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32629701
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000020947 -
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Apr 2014Distress tolerance is defined behaviorally as the ability to maintain goal-directed behavior while experiencing physical or psychological distress. Distress tolerance is...
Distress tolerance is defined behaviorally as the ability to maintain goal-directed behavior while experiencing physical or psychological distress. Distress tolerance is closely related to emotion regulation and is a clinically relevant construct contributing to psychopathology across adults and adolescents, yet limited research has examined the development of this construct. A number of studies suggest the importance of parenting in the emergence of emotion regulation capacities in childhood and adolescence. In the current study, we utilize a behavioral measure of distress tolerance to examine whether maternal distress tolerance is related to adolescent distress tolerance, and whether this association differs as a function of gender. We also examine the influence of family emotional climate, namely maternal response to adolescent distress and adolescent attachment. Results indicate a significant maternal distress tolerance by adolescent gender interaction, such that maternal distress tolerance predicts adolescent distress tolerance in daughters, but not sons. The family emotional climate variables were unrelated to maternal or adolescent distress tolerance. Taken together, data indicate that maternal distress tolerance is significantly related to the distress tolerance of adolescent daughters and indicates the potential utility of addressing maternal distress tolerance in clinical work with adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mothers; Sex Factors; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 24364854
DOI: 10.1037/a0034991 -
Substance Use & Misuse 2015Persistent maternal smoking during pregnancy, reduction or cessation during pregnancy, and smoking initiation or resumption postpartum impel further research to...
BACKGROUND
Persistent maternal smoking during pregnancy, reduction or cessation during pregnancy, and smoking initiation or resumption postpartum impel further research to understand these behavioral patterns and opportunities for intervention.
OBJECTIVES
We investigated heterogenous longitudinal patterns of smoking quantity to determine if these patterns vary across three maternal age groups, and whether the influence of individual and contextual risk factors varies by maternal age.
METHODS
Separate general growth mixture models were estimated for mothers ages 15-25, 26-35, and 36+, allowing different empirical patterns of an ordinal measure of smoking behavior at six time points, from preconception through child entry to kindergarten.
RESULTS
We identify five classes for mothers ages 15-25, four classes for ages 26-35, and three classes for ages 36+. Each age group presents classes of nonsmokers and persistent heavy smokers. Intermediate to these ends of the spectrum, each age group exhibited its own smoking classes characterized by the extent of pregnancy smoking reductions and postpartum behavior. In all three age groups, class membership can be distinguished by individual sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Co-resident smokers predicted nearly all smoking classifications across age groups, and selected neighborhood characteristics predicted classification of younger (15-25) and older (36+) mothers.
CONCLUSIONS
The design, timing, and delivery of smoking prevention and cessation services, for women seeking to become pregnant and for women presenting for prenatal or pediatric care, are best guided by individual characteristics, particularly maternal age, preconception alcohol consumption, and postpartum depression, but neighborhood characteristics merit further attention for mothers at different ages.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Maternal Age; Models, Psychological; Mothers; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Young Adult
PubMed: 25612076
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.998234 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth May 2023Adolescent pregnancy is an important issue in terms of reproductive health. Adolescent mothers have to overcome two crises at the same time: motherhood and maturity....
BACKGROUND
Adolescent pregnancy is an important issue in terms of reproductive health. Adolescent mothers have to overcome two crises at the same time: motherhood and maturity. Childbirth experience and posttraumatic stress disorder may influence the mother's perception of her infant and postpartum care behaviors.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 adolescent mothers referring to health centers in Tabriz and its suburbs between May and December, 2022. Data were collected by PTSD Symptom Scale, Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0, and Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning. The association between childbirth experience, posttraumatic stress disorder and maternal functioning was assessed by multivariate analysis.
RESULTS
After adjusting the effect of socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, the score of maternal functioning among mothers without posttraumatic stress disorder was statistically significantly higher than mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis [β (95% CI) = 2.30 (0.39 to 4.20); p = 0.031]. The score of maternal functioning increased with the increase in the childbirth experience score [β (95% CI) = 7.34 (3.87 to 10.81); p < 0.001]. The score of maternal functioning among mothers with wanted sex of baby was statistically significantly higher than unwanted sex of baby [β (95% CI) = 2.70 (0.37 to 5.02); p = 0.023].
CONCLUSION
Healthcare professionals should pay special attention to improving maternal functioning among adolescent mothers. One of the important actions can be to create a positive experience of childbirth for avoiding of posttraumatic stress disorder following birth and counseling with mothers who stated sex of fetus is undesired.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Adolescent Mothers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delivery, Obstetric; Mothers; Parturition; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 37217921
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05717-z -
Nursing For Women's Health Dec 2019To hear the voices of women, their partners, and nurses about expectations and priorities during the postpartum hospitalization.
OBJECTIVE
To hear the voices of women, their partners, and nurses about expectations and priorities during the postpartum hospitalization.
DESIGN
Focus groups using semistructured interview questions.
SETTING
A 12-bed labor-delivery-recovery-postpartum unit at a small urban hospital in the U.S. Northeast.
PARTICIPANTS
Women who planned to or had given birth, their partners, and the maternity nurses who cared for them.
MEASUREMENTS
Qualitative thematic analysis of focus group transcripts.
RESULTS
Thematic analysis produced the following themes for women's priorities: Need for individualized attention to maternal physical and emotional care; Fear of providing inadequate care for the newborn, including establishing infant feeding; and Transitioning to parenting as a new mother versus as an experienced mother. Themes for nurses' priorities included Safety issues around sleep and breastfeeding, Transitioning to parenting with an emphasis on maternal self-care, and Addressing barriers to effective discharge education. Response comparisons between the women/partners and nurses suggest that there is a disconnection between women's and nurses' priorities and expectations for care during the postpartum period.
CONCLUSION
Women and nurses identified unmet needs in the postpartum period, consistent with the current literature. Providing standardized education during the transitional period around discharge from the hospital to home may not be optimal and may even detract from meeting the needs for rest and connection with family and the health care team. Nursing care that extends beyond the maternity hospitalization may be needed to individualize care and meet previously unmet needs.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Focus Groups; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Interviews as Topic; Maternal Health Services; Maternal-Child Nursing; Mothers; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Patient Discharge; Patient Satisfaction; Postnatal Care; Pregnancy; Spouses; United States
PubMed: 31672402
DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2019.09.002 -
BMJ Open May 2022Adolescence marks a transition of life from childhood to adulthood. Becoming a mother during adolescence presents unique challenges that have a significant mental and...
Maternal mental health of adolescent mothers: a cross-sectional mixed-method study protocol to determine cultural and social factors and mental health needs in Lilongwe, Malawi.
INTRODUCTION
Adolescence marks a transition of life from childhood to adulthood. Becoming a mother during adolescence presents unique challenges that have a significant mental and physical burden and may increase the likelihood of developing common mental disorders (CMDs). Untreated CMDs have serious effects on both the mother and her child. Culture constitutes an important context for most experiences, and affects how individuals seek help. However, there is limited research that has investigated how culture and social factors influence the adolescent mother's mental health during the postpartum period in Malawi.
METHODS/DESIGN
A cross-sectional sequential mixed methods design will be carried out in four phases. Phase one will include the preparatory phase and scoping review. The second phase will comprise a survey with adolescent mothers. The sample for the survey consists of adolescent postpartum mothers aged 14-19 years (with infants of up to 6 months of age) who have the capacity to consent for the study. Phase three will be a qualitative study in which in-depth interviews and focus group discussions will be employed to collect data from health workers and informal healthcare providers in the community (eg, traditional healers, traditional birth attendants). The fourth phase will involve developing recommendations for policy and practice ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study will provide an understanding of the impact of culture and social factors that influence adolescent mother's mental health and well-being, including the identification of potential risk and protective factors. The findings will inform recommendations for an appropriate, culturally accepted spectrum of interventions, including universal, selective and indicated prevention strategies. The findings will be disseminated to stakeholders working in maternal health in Malawi. Ethical approval was received from the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (HRE2021-0223) and (P.05/21/575) Malawian Ethics Board National Committee on Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and Humanities.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Mothers; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Malawi; Maternal Health; Mental Health; Mothers; Social Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 35568496
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056765 -
PloS One 2022Maternal mortality and adverse pregnancy outcomes are still challenges in developing countries. In Ethiopia, long distances and lack of transportation are the main...
BACKGROUND
Maternal mortality and adverse pregnancy outcomes are still challenges in developing countries. In Ethiopia, long distances and lack of transportation are the main geographic barriers for pregnant women to utilize a skilled birth attendant. To alleviate this problem, maternity waiting homes are a gateway for women to deliver at the health facilities, thereby helping towards the reduction of the alarming maternal mortality trend and negative pregnancy outcomes. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the utilization of maternity waiting homes in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess utilization of maternity waiting home services and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the last year in Dabat district, northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 5 to February 30, 2019. A total of 402 eligible women were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Data were entered into EPI info version 7.1.2 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Statistically significant associations between variables were determined based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval and p-value of ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
Maternity waiting home utilization by pregnant women was found to be 16.2% (95% CI: 13, 20). The mothers' age (26-30 years) (AOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08,0.69), primary level of education (AOR = 9.05; 95% CI: 3.83, 21.43), accepted length of stay in maternity waiting homes (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.54, 6.43), adequate knowledge of pregnancy danger signs (AOR = 7.88; 95% CI: 3.72,16.69), jointly decision on the mother's health (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.08,7.05), and getting people for household activities (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.52) had significant association with maternity waiting home utilization.
CONCLUSION
In this study, maternity waiting home utilization was low. Thus, expanding a strategy to improve women's educational status, health education communication regarding danger signs of pregnancy, empowering women's decision-making power, and shortening the length of stay at maternity waiting homes may enhance maternity waiting home utilization.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Female; Health Facilities; Humans; Mothers; Parturition; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35802568
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271113 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Maternity protection is a normative fundamental human right that enables women to combine their productive and reproductive roles, including breastfeeding. The aim of...
Maternity protection is a normative fundamental human right that enables women to combine their productive and reproductive roles, including breastfeeding. The aim of this study is to examine the uptake of Vietnam's maternity protection policy in terms of entitlements and awareness, perceptions, and gaps in implementation through the lens of formally employed women. In this mixed methods study, we interviewed 494 formally employed female workers, among whom 107 were pregnant and 387 were mothers of infants and conducted in-depth interviews with a subset of these women ( = 39). Of the 494 women interviewed, 268 (54.3%) were working in blue-collar jobs and more than 90% were contributing to the public social insurance fund. Among the 387 mothers on paid maternity leave, 51 (13.2%) did not receive cash entitlements during their leave. Among the 182 mothers with infants aged 6-11 months, 30 (16.5%) returned to work before accruing 180 days of maternity leave. Of 121 women who had returned to work, 26 (21.5%) did not receive a one-hour paid break every day to express breastmilk, relax, or breastfeed, and 46 (38.0%) worked the same or more hours per day than before maternity leave. Although most women perceived maternity leave as beneficial for the child's health (92.5%), mother's health (91.5%), family (86.2%), and society (90.7%), fewer women perceived it as beneficial for their income (59.5%), career (46.4%), and employers (30.4%). Not all formally employed women were aware of their maternity protection rights: women were more likely to mention the six-month paid maternity leave (78.7%) and one-hour nursing break (62.3%) than the other nine entitlements (2.0-35.0%). In-depth interviews with pregnant women and mothers of infants supported findings from the quantitative survey. In conclusion, although Vietnam's maternity protection policy helps protect the rights of women and children, our study identified implementation gaps that limit its effectiveness. To ensure that all women and their families can fully benefit from maternity protection, there is a need to increase awareness of the full set of maternity entitlements, strengthen enforcement of existing policies, and expand entitlements to the informal sector.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Child; Employment; Female; Humans; Infant; Informal Sector; Male; Mothers; Pregnancy; Vietnam
PubMed: 35457636
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084772 -
Nursing ResearchRacism is a significant source of toxic stress and a root cause of health inequities. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to vicarious racism (i.e., racism...
BACKGROUND
Racism is a significant source of toxic stress and a root cause of health inequities. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to vicarious racism (i.e., racism experienced by a caregiver) is associated with poor child health and development, but associations with biological indicators of toxic stress have not been well studied. It is also unknown whether two-generation interventions, such as early home visiting programs, may help to mitigate the harmful effects of vicarious racism.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between maternal experiences of racial discrimination and child indicators of toxic stress and to test whether relationships are moderated by prior participation in Minding the Baby (MTB), an attachment-based early home visiting intervention.
METHODS
Ninety-seven maternal-child dyads (n = 43 intervention dyads, n = 54 control dyads) enrolled in the MTB Early School Age follow-up study. Mothers reported on racial discrimination using the Experiences of Discrimination Scale. Child indicators of toxic stress included salivary biomarkers of inflammation (e.g., C-reactive protein, panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines), body mass index, and maternally reported child behavioral problems. We used linear regression to examine associations between maternal experiences of racial discrimination and child indicators of toxic stress and included an interaction term between experiences of discrimination and MTB group assignment (intervention vs. control) to test moderating effects of the MTB intervention.
RESULTS
Mothers identified as Black/African American (33%) and Hispanic/Latina (64%). In adjusted models, maternal experiences of racial discrimination were associated with elevated salivary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in children, but not child body mass index or behavior. Prior participation in the MTB intervention moderated the relationship between maternal experiences of discrimination and child interleukin-6 levels.
DISCUSSION
Results of this study suggest that racism may contribute to the biological embedding of early adversity through influences on inflammation, but additional research with serum markers is needed to better understand this relationship. Improved understanding of the relationships among vicarious racism, protective factors, and childhood toxic stress is necessary to inform family and systemic-level intervention.
Topics: Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; House Calls; Humans; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Psychometrics; Racism; Saliva; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 34173377
DOI: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000529