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Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Average surface height and maximum amplitude can affect surface functions. In the industry, these parameters can be obtained based on profile measurements. However,...
Average surface height and maximum amplitude can affect surface functions. In the industry, these parameters can be obtained based on profile measurements. However, variability in maximum profile height is high. A more stable parameter can be obtained from the results of the areal surface topography measurements as the average value of the parallel profiles. The aim of this study is to establish this parameter directly from the result of the areal surface texture by correcting the maximum surface height to material ratios in the range of 0.13-99.87%. This method was tested by measuring 100 surface topographies with a stylus profilometer and a white light interferometer. It can be utilized correctly for deterministic textures and random one- and two-process surfaces for which the correlation between neighboring profile ordinates is not very high. In other cases, the method should be modified. Employing this method, the maximum profile amplitude Pt and parameters characterizing the average profile height Pq, Pa, and the ratios Pq/Pa and Pp/Pt describing the shape of the profile ordinate distribution can be correctly estimated. Pq/Pa and Pp/Pt were more stable than the kurtosis Pku and skewness Psk. The corrected maximum height S can be adopted as a parameter that characterizes the areal surface texture as more stable than the maximum surface height St. Pq/Pa and Pp/Pt were more steady than kurtosis Pku and skewness Psk.
PubMed: 38005039
DOI: 10.3390/ma16227109 -
Heliyon Jul 2023Landslides caused tremendous damage to the life and properties of society. In this study, cut slopes were analyzed using the two-dimensional (2D) limit equilibrium...
Landslides caused tremendous damage to the life and properties of society. In this study, cut slopes were analyzed using the two-dimensional (2D) limit equilibrium method (LEM) by slope/w software and a three-dimensional (3D) strength reduction method (SRM) by using Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions (FLAC3D), which is a finite difference method (FDM) numerical software. Analysis of the slope is done by representative soil samples collected and transported to the laboratory to determine input parameters like unit weight (γ), shear strength parameters (c,φ), and the water level position. Strength parameters were determined from direct shear tests for cohesionless soil and consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial tests for cohesive soils. For 2D analysis, the factor of safety (FOS) was calculated for the condition of dry and maximum water levels using Morgenstern-price methods, and the analysis gave FOS 0.743 and 0.614 for the dry and maximum water level conditions, respectively; for SRM, the input parameters of bulk and shear modulus (B, G) which were determined from the empirical equation using modulus of elasticity(E) and Poisson's ratio(ʋ). Moreover, ʋ were adjusted according to the principle of φ- inequality. For 2D analysis, FOS were 0.743 and 0.614 for dry and maximum water levels using Morgenstern-price methods, whereas 3D analysis gave FOS 0.34 and 0.31 for dry and maximum water levels, respectively. From the analysis, it is concluded that 2D LEM is given higher FOS than 3D FDM. Moreover, the 3D analysis showed that velocity and displacement in the lateral Y direction were minimal and maximum in the horizontal X direction. The maximum horizontal velocity for the respective dry and maximum water level conditions gave 6.64*10 m/step and 6.04*10 m/step and maximum horizontal displacement 7.36 m and 6.06 m for dry and maximum water levels, respectively.
PubMed: 37456009
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17966 -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2019Bruxism is among the habits considered generally as contributory factors for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and its etiology is still controversial.
BACKGROUND
Bruxism is among the habits considered generally as contributory factors for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and its etiology is still controversial.
METHODS
Three-dimensional models of maxilla and mandible and teeth of 37 patients and 36 control subjects were created using in-vivo image data. The maximum values of stress and deformation were calculated in 21 patients six months after using a splint and compared with those in the initial conditions.
RESULTS
The maximum stresses in the jaw bone and head of mandible were respectively 4.4 and 4.1 times higher in patients than in control subjects. Similar values for deformation were 5.8 and 4.9, respectively. The maximum stress in the jaw bone and head of mandible decreased six months after splint application by up to 71.0 and 72.8%, respectively. Similar values for the maximum deformation were 80.7 and 78.7%, respectively. Following the occlusal splint therapy, the approximation of maximum deformation to the relevant values in control subjects was about 2.6 times the approximation of maximum stress to the relevant values in control subjects. The maximum stress and maximum deformation occurred in all cases in the head of the mandible and the splint had the highest effectiveness in jaw bone adjacent to the molar teeth.
CONCLUSIONS
Splint acts as a stress relaxer and dissipates the extra stresses generated as well as the TMJ deformation and deviations due to bruxism. The splint also makes the bilateral and simultaneous loading possible and helps with the treatment of this disorder through regulation of bruxism by creating a biomechanical equilibrium between the physiological loading and the generated stress.
Topics: Bruxism; Finite Element Analysis; Humans; Mandible; Occlusal Splints; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 31484524
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0897-z -
IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,... Sep 2021A 34-mm aperture transducer was designed and tested for proof of concept to ablate tissues using an endocavity histotripsy device. Several materials and two drivers were...
A 34-mm aperture transducer was designed and tested for proof of concept to ablate tissues using an endocavity histotripsy device. Several materials and two drivers were modeled and tested to determine an effective piezoelectric-matching layer combination and driver design. The resulting transducer was fabricated using 1.5 MHz porous PZT and PerFORM 3-D printed acoustic lenses and was driven with a multicycle class-D amplifier. The lower frequency, compared to previously developed small form factor histotripsy transducers, was selected to allow for more efficient volume ablation of tissue. The transducer was characterized and tested by measuring pressure field maps in the axial and lateral planes and pressure output as a function of driving voltage. The axial and lateral full-width-half-maximums of the focus were found to be 6.1 and 1.1 mm, respectively. The transducer was estimated to generate 34.5-MPa peak negative focal pressure with a peak-to-peak driving voltage of 1345 V. Performance testing was done by ablating volumes of bovine liver tissues ( n = 3 ). The transducer was found to be capable of ablating tissues at its full working distance of 17 mm.
Topics: Acoustics; Animals; Cattle; Equipment Design; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation; Liver; Transducers
PubMed: 33507869
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3055138 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Jul 2022The European Commission mandated EFSA to issue a scientific statement, in accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, providing an overview of the maximum...
The European Commission mandated EFSA to issue a scientific statement, in accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, providing an overview of the maximum residue levels for potassium phosphonates in different products. This statement should be based on the maximum residue levels recently proposed by EFSA in several Reasoned Opinions published between June 2021 and January 2022 and the maximum residue levels supported in preparation of an EU position at the 52nd Codex Committee on Pesticides Residues. EFSA prepared a scientific statement containing a summary of the maximum residue levels proposed, including a reference to the scientific output on which the recommendation for each product is based and a justification for the selected values when different ones were proposed by the different outputs. An updated consumer risk assessment, based on the consolidated list of MRLs for the enforcement of phosphonic acid residues, was calculated. No risk for consumers was identified.
PubMed: 35814923
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7400 -
Research on Multimodal Dance Movement Recognition Based on Artificial Intelligence Image Technology.Computational Intelligence and... 2022At present, most robot dances are precompiled. Changing music requires manual adjustment of relevant parameters and metamovements, which greatly reduces the fun and...
At present, most robot dances are precompiled. Changing music requires manual adjustment of relevant parameters and metamovements, which greatly reduces the fun and intelligence. In view of the above problems, this paper designed CNN system, studied the multimodal dance movement recognition algorithm of artificial intelligence image technology, and completed the construction of a multimodal dance movement calculation system example. The results show that the CNN algorithm and the Winograd algorithm-based coprocessor-optimized CNN network in multimodal dance movement recognition with image technology reduce from a maximum of 132s to 26s in the runtime criterion, with a maximum reduction of 80%; from a maximum of 73.5% to 16.2% in the memory access criterion, with a maximum reduction of 57.3%; and from a maximum of 93.6% to 25.2% in the power consumption ratio criterion, with a maximum reduction of 68.4%. In the power consumption ratio criterion, the maximum reduction from 93.6% to 25.2% is 68.4%. The maximum accuracy of the proposed optimization method is 95.1%. The solution is proposed to address the problem of insufficient performance of traditional dance movement recognition, which will contribute to the development of artificial intelligence and dance industry.
Topics: Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Dancing; Movement; Technology
PubMed: 35865500
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4785333 -
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022In this paper, we proposed a novel quantum algorithm for the maximum satisfiability problem. Satisfiability (SAT) is to find the set of assignment values of input...
In this paper, we proposed a novel quantum algorithm for the maximum satisfiability problem. Satisfiability (SAT) is to find the set of assignment values of input variables for the given Boolean function that evaluates this function as TRUE or prove that such satisfying values do not exist. For a POS SAT problem, we proposed a novel quantum algorithm for the maximum satisfiability (MAX-SAT), which returns the maximum number of OR terms that are satisfied for the SAT-unsatisfiable function, providing us with information on how far the given Boolean function is from the SAT satisfaction. We used Grover's algorithm with a new block called quantum counter in the oracle circuit. The proposed circuit can be adapted for various forms of satisfiability expressions and several satisfiability-like problems. Using the quantum counter and mirrors for SAT terms reduces the need for ancilla qubits and realizes a large Toffoli gate that is then not needed. Our circuit reduces the number of ancilla qubits for the terms of the Boolean function from of ancilla qubits to ≈⌈logT⌉+1. We analyzed and compared the quantum cost of the traditional oracle design with our design which gives a low quantum cost.
PubMed: 36359704
DOI: 10.3390/e24111615 -
Microbial Biotechnology May 2022Unlike gaseous C feedstocks for acetogenic bacteria, there has been less attention on liquid C feedstocks, despite benefits in terms of energy efficiency, mass transfer...
Unlike gaseous C feedstocks for acetogenic bacteria, there has been less attention on liquid C feedstocks, despite benefits in terms of energy efficiency, mass transfer and integration within existing fermentation infrastructure. Here, we present growth of Eubacterium limosum ATCC8486 using methanol and formate as substrates, finding evidence for the first time of native butanol production. We varied ratios of methanol-to-formate in batch serum bottle fermentations, showing butyrate is the major product (maximum specific rate 220 ± 23 mmol-C gDCW day ). Increasing this ratio showed methanol is the key feedstock driving the product spectrum towards more reduced products, such as butanol (maximum titre 2.0 ± 1.1 mM-C). However, both substrates are required for a high growth rate (maximum 0.19 ± 0.011 h ) and cell density (maximum 1.2 ± 0.043 gDCW l ), with formate being the preferred substrate. In fact, formate and methanol are consumed in two distinct growth phases - growth phase 1, on predominately formate and growth phase 2 on methanol, which must balance. Because the second growth varied according to the first growth on formate, this suggests butanol production is due to overflow metabolism, similar to 2,3-butanediol production in other acetogens. However, further research is required to confirm the butanol production pathway in E. limosum, particularly given, unlike other substrates, methanol likely results in mostly NADH generation, not reduced ferredoxin.
Topics: 1-Butanol; Butanols; Eubacterium; Fermentation; Formates; Methanol
PubMed: 34841673
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13963 -
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... Sep 2021The degree to which binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence estimates vary from fixed threshold frequency and continuous maximum drinks measures is unknown. The...
BACKGROUND
The degree to which binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence estimates vary from fixed threshold frequency and continuous maximum drinks measures is unknown. The current study compared prevalence estimates for adolescent binge and high-intensity drinking (5+ drinks, 10+ drinks, respectively) and sex-specific thresholds using fixed threshold frequency and continuous maximum drinks measures.
METHODS
Data were obtained from 7911 respondents participating in the 2018 and 2019 nationally representative Monitoring the Future 12th-grade surveys. Comparisons of frequency prevalence (e.g., any occasions of 5+ drinking using the frequency measure) versus maximum drinks prevalence (e.g., reporting 5 or more drinks using the maximum number of drinks measure) were made using all respondents and then separately within males and females.
RESULTS
Among the sample overall and within sex, binge drinking estimates from the 5+ frequency prevalence and 5+ maximum drinks prevalence measures evidenced overlapping confidence intervals (estimates were slightly higher for frequency prevalence); similar results were observed for high-intensity drinking 10+ frequency prevalence and 10+ maximum drinks prevalence. For example, among the sample overall, 5+ frequency prevalence was 11.4% [95% CI 10.3, 12.6]; 5+ maximum drinks prevalence was 10.7% [9.6, 11.8]; 10+ frequency prevalence was 5.1% [4.4, 5.8]; and 10+ maximum drinks prevalence was 4.1% [3.5, 4.7]. Using sex-specific thresholds (i.e., 4+ drinks for females and 5+ drinks for males), binge frequency and maximum drinks levels also had overlapping confidence intervals. Binge drinking prevalence estimates for females were approximately 1.5 times higher using sex-specific (4+) versus universal (5+) thresholds.
CONCLUSIONS
In this nationally representative sample of 12th-grade students, prevalence levels for 5+ and 10+ drinking did not differ significantly when using frequency versus maximum drinks measures. Among females, binge drinking prevalence was higher using sex-specific versus universal thresholds. Both the frequency and maximum drinks measures provided comparable estimates of binge and high-intensity drinking prevalence among older adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcoholism; Binge Drinking; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 34342001
DOI: 10.1111/acer.14676 -
The Angle Orthodontist Mar 2009To test the null hypothesis that there are no differences between children and adults in maximum laterotrusion and maximum retrusion on the right and left sides.
OBJECTIVE
To test the null hypothesis that there are no differences between children and adults in maximum laterotrusion and maximum retrusion on the right and left sides.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This population-based study included 81 randomly selected children between the ages of 6 and 10 years and 67 adults. Kinematic variables were measured with the ultrasonic JMA-System for registration.
RESULTS
The mean maximum laterotrusion of the children's group (10.6 +/- 1.5 mm on the left, 11.0 +/- 1.7 mm on the right) was significantly smaller than that of the adult group (11.7 +/- 2.0 mm on the left, 12.2 +/- 1.7 mm on the right). The maximum laterotrusion of the children's group corresponded to about 90% on the left and right sides of that of the adult group. The mean maximum retrusion of the children's group was significantly bigger than that of the adult group. There, the adult values corresponded to 66.7% on the left and 50% on the right side of the children's values. No significant difference in maximum laterotrusion and retrusion was noted on the right and left sides, and no significant differences according to gender specificities were observed in either group.
CONCLUSIONS
The hypothesis is rejected. In development of the temporomandibular joint, maximum laterotrusion on the right and left sides increases significantly with age, and maximum retrusion decreases significantly with age.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Dental Occlusion; Female; Humans; Jaw Relation Record; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Condyle; Population Surveillance; Range of Motion, Articular; Sex Factors; Temporomandibular Joint; Transducers; Ultrasonics; Young Adult
PubMed: 19216588
DOI: 10.2319/011508-21.1