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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Control of fungal phytopathogens affecting crops and woodlands is an important goal in environmental management and the maintenance of food security. This work describes...
Control of fungal phytopathogens affecting crops and woodlands is an important goal in environmental management and the maintenance of food security. This work describes the synthesis of 37 camphor derivatives, of which 27 were new compounds. Their antifungal effects on six fungi were evaluated in vitro. Compounds , and showed strong antifungal activity against , with EC values of 0.43, 6.80 and 4.86 mg/L, respectively, which were better than that of tricyclazole (EC 118.20 mg/L) and close to or better than that of carbendazim (EC 1.20 mg/L). The most potent compound, , exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity towards six fungi with EC values within the range of 0.43-40.18 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that compounds , and gave irregular growth and shriveling of the mycelia. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that the tested camphor derivatives had mild or no cytotoxicity for LO and HEK293T cell lines. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed that the number of F atoms, relative molecular weight, the atomic orbital electronic population and total charge on the positively charged surfaces of the molecules of camphor derivatives have effects on antifungal activity. The present study may provide a theoretical basis for a high-value use of camphor and could be helpful for the development of novel potential antifungals.
PubMed: 35893130
DOI: 10.3390/jof8080762 -
Materia Socio-medica Jun 2020Sexual function greatly affects the quality of life. Any problem which affects satisfaction is considered sexual dysfunction. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Sexual function greatly affects the quality of life. Any problem which affects satisfaction is considered sexual dysfunction.
AIM
The aim of this study was to investigate how recently used of complementary and alternative medicines has increased in treating infertility.
METHODS
Study has descriptive character based on searched and analyzed facts from the published articles in scientific journals.
RESULTS
The majority of the studies done for the detection of the efficacy of medicinal plants in treating male infertility were done on experimental animals with few clinical studies. However, there is still a need for more studies to have certain results, as conflicting results were noted in different studies done on the effect of the same medicinal plant on spermatogenesis. It might be referred it to the absence of standardization among research models, the difference in extracts, administration route, doses and how long did the experiment last added to differences in the part of the plant used and plant collection. This review summarized the finding of many studies that studied the effect of different medicinal herbs on the testes, epididymis, sperm and prostate parameters, testosterone level and steroidogenesis, erection/ejaculation function and libido.
CONCLUSION
The protective effect might be due to OLE competence to antagonize the oxidative stress and LPO. Londium suffruticosum I. suffruticosum leaf extract was administered to sub-fertile male rats, subfertility was induced by carbendazim, it resulted in increased spermatogenesis, increased sperm counts, lessened sperm agglutination by preserving normal pH in testicular microenvironment, increasing the testicular oxidative biomarkers, SOD, and CAT. It was found that the main active components of the extract are alkaloids, steroidal lactones and flavonoids.
PubMed: 32843864
DOI: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.140-147 -
3 Biotech Jan 2022A novel strain with antifungal activity against was isolated from soil, and identified as sp. ZJUT-IFE-354 using morphological and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The...
UNLABELLED
A novel strain with antifungal activity against was isolated from soil, and identified as sp. ZJUT-IFE-354 using morphological and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The bioactive metabolite produced by strain ZJUT-IFE-354 was identified and characterized as valinomycin by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The yield of valinomycin was 191.26 mg/L from the culture of sp. ZJUT-IFE-354, which was the highest yield to our knowledge. The in vitro antifungal activity of valinomycin against was investigated as 0.056 ± 0.012 (EC) and 0.121 ± 0.023 μg/mL (EC), respectively, which was approximately 10.696- and 30.960-fold more active than that of carbendazim. The results from scanning electron microscopy, cell membrane permeability, and -sorbitol and ergosterol assay indicated that valinomycin exerted the antifungal activity probably by increasing permeability of fungal cell membrane, leading to mycelial electrolyte leakage, and eventually resulting in the death of . Thus, valinomycin may be a promising antifungal agent to control .
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03055-5.
PubMed: 34926115
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03055-5 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2022Different pollutants usually co-exist in the natural environment, and the ecological and health risk assessment of agrochemicals needs to be carried out based on the...
Different pollutants usually co-exist in the natural environment, and the ecological and health risk assessment of agrochemicals needs to be carried out based on the combined toxicological effects of pollutants. To examine the combined toxicity to aquatic organisms, the effects of cadmium (Cd) and five pesticides (acetamiprid, carbendazim, azoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos, and bifenthrin) mixture on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were assessed. The data from the 96-h toxicity test indicated that bifenthrin possessed the highest toxicity to D. rerio with the LC value of 0.15 mg L, followed by chlorpyrifos (0.36 mg L) and azoxystrobin (0.63 mg L). Cd (6.84 mg L) and carbendazim (8.53 mg L) induced the intermediate toxic responses, while acetamiprid (58.39 mg L) presented the lowest toxicity to the organisms. Pesticide mixtures containing chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin or acetamiprid and carbendazim showed synergistic impacts on the zebrafish. Besides, two binary combinations of Cd-acetamiprid and Cd-chlorpyrifos also displayed a synergistic effect on D. rerio. Our results offered a better idea of the mixed ecological risk assessment of Cd and different agricultural chemicals to aquatic organisms. Our findings better interpreted how the interaction between Cd and various agrochemicals changed their toxicity to aquatic vertebrates and provided valuable insights into critical impacts on the ecological hazard of their combinations.
Topics: Agrochemicals; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Cadmium; Carbamates; Chlorpyrifos; Environmental Pollutants; Larva; Pesticides; Pyrethrins; Pyrimidines; Strobilurins; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 36163367
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20364-8 -
Microbiological Research Aug 2022Microbes are crucial in removing various xenobiotics, including pesticides, from the environment, specifically by mineralizing these hazardous pollutants. However, the...
Microbes are crucial in removing various xenobiotics, including pesticides, from the environment, specifically by mineralizing these hazardous pollutants. However, the specific procedure of microbe-mediated pesticide degradation and its consequence on the environment remain elusive owing to limitations in culturing techniques. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated i) the physicochemical and elemental compositions of PCAS (pesticide-contaminated agricultural soils) and NS (natural soils); ii) the bacterial communities and degradation pathways, as well as some novel biodegradation genes (BDGs) and pesticide degradation genes (PDGs) across two different landscapes (PCAS and NS) by applying high-throughput sequencing. The chemical and elemental composition analyses showed that all nutrients (P, K, N, S, Mn, B, and Zn) were significantly higher in PCAS than in NS (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis of pesticide-contaminated (PCAS-1, PCAS-2, PCAS-3, PCAS-4) samples showed that the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (30-36%) > Actinobacteria (15-20%) > Firmicutes (13-14%) > Bacteroidetes (7-13%), were higher compared to the natural soil (NS-1, NS2). Consistent with this, a phylogenetic shift was observed with (alpha, beta, and gamma Proteobacteria) being abundant in PCAS, whereas delta and epsilon groups were more prevalent in NS. The functional characterization of the PCAS and NS by PICRUSt2 revealed that bacterial communities play a significant role in pesticide metabolism. Predictive metagenome analysis of contaminated soils showed the role of core degrading genes in membrane transport, stress response, regulatory genes, resource transport, and environmental sensing. Furthermore, 14 BDGs and 30 PDGs were examined, with a relative abundance of 0.081-1.029 % and 0.107-0.8903 % in each PCAS, respectively. The major BDGs and PDGs, with the compounds they hydrolyze, include ppo (polyphenol oxidase and laccase), CYP (cytochrome p450 protein), lip gene (lignin peroxidase), similarly, among the PDGs mhel (carbendazim), opd (organophosphate), mpd (methyl parathion), atzA, atzB, atzD, atzF and trzN (atrazine), chd (chlorothalonil), hdx (metamitron), hdl-1 (isoproturon) and fmo (nicosulfuron). Overall, our findings demonstrated the significance of utilizing metagenomic methods to predict microbial aided degradation in the ecology of contaminated environments.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Metagenome; Pesticides; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 35660194
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127081 -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Dec 2022Carbendazim (CBZ) is a steady benzimidazole fungicide broadly exploited in cultivation for pre- and post-harvest treatment to dominate microorganisms infection on...
Carbendazim (CBZ) is a steady benzimidazole fungicide broadly exploited in cultivation for pre- and post-harvest treatment to dominate microorganisms infection on several plants. CBZ causes toxic effects in the different tissues of rat via influencing biochemical and hematological factors causing histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney of rats. Banana peel (BP) makes up about 38% of the whole banana weight, BP is usually disposed of as waste that is considered as an environmental problem. BP comprise bioactive a lot of compounds that can be exploited for their unique biological and pharmacological attributes. The current study was carried out to determine the protective effect of dried banana peels consumption against carbendazim toxicity in rats. The results indicated that banana peels had the ability to counteract the toxic effect of carbendazim on rats which was evident by the improvement in liver and kidney functions, lipid profile and histopathological examination.
PubMed: 36388846
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00773 -
International Journal of Experimental... Oct 2012Alpha-cypermethrin and carbendazim are synthetic; α-cypermethrin belongs to a class of synthetic pyrethroids and carbendazim belongs to the class of carbamate...
Alpha-cypermethrin and carbendazim are synthetic; α-cypermethrin belongs to a class of synthetic pyrethroids and carbendazim belongs to the class of carbamate fungicides. The current study was carried out to evaluate the low-dose exposure of individual and mixed forms of cypermethrin and carbendazim. α-cypermethrin was used at 0.06, 0.12, 0.30 and 0.60 mg/kg body weight (bw), carbendazim was at 0.48, 0.96, 2.4 and 4.8 mg/kg bw and combined doses (cypermethrin: 0.06, 0.12, 0.30 and 0.60 mg/kg.bwt + carbendazim: 0.48, 0.96, 2.4 and 4.8 mg/kg.bwt) for 12 h and 24 h. The biochemical parameters and serum markey enzymes were analysed. The biochemical parameters include serum total protein, glucose, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, calcium, phosphorous, albumin and creatinine and serum marker enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and amylase were ascertained. Results indicated simultaneous changes in serum marker enzyme activity (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and amylase) and biochemical markers (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001). The experimental results indicate that even low-dose use of the synthetic pyrethroid carbamate and their combined form results in consequential negative effects on cell function.
Topics: Animals; Benzimidazoles; Blood Proteins; Carbamates; Fungicides, Industrial; Insecticides; Male; Pyrethrins; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 22974217
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00828.x -
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Jan 2024Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide in China, has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects. However, information on the spatial-temporal...
Carbendazim, a widely used fungicide in China, has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects. However, information on the spatial-temporal variations of carbendazim residues in food in China is limited. Here, we investigated the presence of carbendazim in China's plant-based foods from 2011 to 2020, evaluated the spatial-temporal characteristics, and assessed the associated exposure risks in the Chinese diet. The results revealed a high detection frequency of carbendazim in fruits (26.4%) and high concentrations in vegetables (∼110 mg kg), indicating widespread misuse of the fungicide. The acute risks of consuming certain vegetables and cereals exceeded the recommended limits by up to 12 and 5 times, respectively. Although there has been a decline in carbendazim residue levels in food since the implementation of the Chinese government's action plan for zero growth of pesticide use in 2015, some provinces still exhibited high levels of carbendazim in multiple food categories, which were positively correlated with annual pesticide application. We highlight that carbendazim contamination reflects the broader issue of pesticide use in China. It emphasizes the need for committed and targeted national policies to reduce carbendazim residues in food and suggests that such measures could also regulate the use of other pesticides, given that pesticide abuse in China is not limited to specific types. We call for the re-evaluation of maximum residue limits of carbendazim, particularly in highly consumed foods such as cereals.
PubMed: 37560751
DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100301 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022The levels of chemical pollutants were determined in 30 samples of varietal honey from southeastern Poland, including 223 pesticides (insecticides, herbicides,...
The levels of chemical pollutants were determined in 30 samples of varietal honey from southeastern Poland, including 223 pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, acaricides, plant growth regulators, and veterinary drugs) and 5 heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn). In 10% of the samples, no pesticide residues were found. The most frequently identified pesticides were thiacloprid (90% of the samples, max 0.337 mg/kg), acetamiprid (86.6%, max 0.061 mg/kg), carbendazim (60%, max 0.049 mg/kg), DMF (56.6%, max 0.038 mg/kg), total amitraz (53.3%, max 0.075 mg/kg), thiamethoxam (26.6%, max 0.004 mg/kg), thiacloprid-amide (13.3%, max 0.012 mg/kg), dimethoate (10%, max 0.003 mg/kg), azoxystrobin (10%, max 0.002 mg/kg), tebuconazole (6.66%, max 0.002 mg/kg), and boscalid (3.33%, max 0.001 mg/kg). The acceptable limits for the compounds were not exceeded in any sample. The Pb content ranged between 0.044 and 0.081 mg/kg. The concentration of Hg and Cd did not exceed 5.0 µg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. The honey variety significantly (p < 0.01) influenced the content of Cu, which ranged from 0.504 (rapeseed honey) to 1.201 mg/kg (buckwheat). A similar tendency (p > 0.05) was observed for the Zn content, which ranged from 0.657 mg/kg (linden) to 2.694 mg/kg (buckwheat). Honey produced in southeastern Poland was shown to be safe for human consumption.
PubMed: 35954127
DOI: 10.3390/foods11152362 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of rice worldwide. Stimulatory effects of low doses of fungicides on pathogens are...
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of rice worldwide. Stimulatory effects of low doses of fungicides on pathogens are closely relevant to disease management. In the present study, in potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with carbendazim at a dose range from 0.003 to 0.3 μg/mL, stimulatory effects on the mycelial growth of three isolates sensitive to carbendazim were tested. Carbendazim at concentrations from 0.003 to 0.1 µg/mL showed stimulatory effects on mycelial growth of isolates Guy11 and H08-1a, while carbendazim at concentrations from 0.003 to 0.03 µg/mL stimulated the growth of isolate P131. The maximum stimulation magnitudes were 11.84% for the three isolates tested. Mycelial colonies grown on PDA amended with different concentrations of carbendazim were incubated at 28 °C in darkness for 7 days as the pretreatment. Pretreatment mycelia were inoculated on fresh fungicide-free PDA and subsequent mycelia growth stimulations were still observed, and the maximum stimulation magnitudes were 9.15% for the three isolates tested. Pretreatment mycelia did not significantly change the tolerance to H2O2 and NaCl, except that the tolerance to H2O2 was increased significantly (p < 0.05) when the carbendazim was at 0.3 µg/mL. After five generations of mycelial transference on fungicide-free PDA, the transgenerational hormesis of mycelial were exhibited when transferred onto PDA supplemented with carbendazim at 0.3 µg/mL, and the maximum percent stimulation was 51.28%. The time course of infection indicated that the visible initial necrotic symptoms could be detected at 2 DPI on leaves treated with carbendazim at 0.03 µg/mL, whereas no necrotic symptom could be discerned for the control. Statistical results of lesion area and lesion type at 7 DPI showed that there was a significant stimulation (p < 0.05) on aggressiveness of M. oryzae isolate Guy11 on detached rice leaves at 0.03 µg/mL carbendazim. These results will advance our understanding of hormetic effects of fungicides and provide valuable information for judicious application of fungicides.
PubMed: 36294573
DOI: 10.3390/jof8101008