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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Although the gut microbiota may be involved in obesity onset and progression, the exact association of the gut microbiota in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) remains...
BACKGROUND
Although the gut microbiota may be involved in obesity onset and progression, the exact association of the gut microbiota in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) remains largely unknown.
METHODS
An integrated paired-sample metagenomic analysis was conducted to investigate the gut microbial network and biomarkers of microbial species from the MHO and healthy non-obese subjects in the GMrepo database. Further explorations were performed in the MHO mice model using a multiomics analysis to detect changes in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome and associated metabolites.
RESULTS
In the human study, 314 matched metagenomic data were qualified for the final analysis. We identified seven significantly changed species possibly involved in MHO pathogenesis (MHO-enriched: , ; MHO-depleted: , , ; ; ). In the murine study, we found 79 significantly-changed species which may have possible associations with the MHO phenotype. The depletion of was commonly recognized in the human and murine MHO phenotype. Consistent with the metagenomic data, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) revealed significantly changed gut metabolites, which may promote MHO pathogenesis by altering the amino acids and lipid metabolic pathways. In the microbe-metabolites interaction analysis, we identified certain fatty acids (Dodecanedioic acid, Arachidic Acid, Mevalonic acid, etc.) that were significantly correlated with the MHO-enriched or depleted species.
CONCLUSION
This study provides insights into identifying specific microbes and metabolites that may involve in the development of obesity without metabolic disorders. Future modalities for MHO intervention may be further validated by targeting these bacteria and metabolites.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Obesity, Metabolically Benign; Obesity; Metagenomics
PubMed: 36389176
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1012028 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The gut microbiota undergoes dynamic changes during pregnancy. The gut microbial and metabolic networks observed in pregnant women have not been systematically analyzed....
The gut microbiota undergoes dynamic changes during pregnancy. The gut microbial and metabolic networks observed in pregnant women have not been systematically analyzed. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolism during late pregnancy and investigate the associations between the gut microbiota and metabolism. A total of thirty healthy pregnant women were followed from 30 to 32 weeks of gestation to full term. Fecal samples were collected for microbiome analysis and untargeted metabolomic analysis. The characteristics of the gut microbiota were evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 regions. The plasma samples were used for untargeted metabolomic analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The interplay between the gut microbiota and metabolism was analyzed further by bioinformatics approaches. We found that the relative abundances of and were higher at full term, whereas that of was lower. The correlation network of the gut microbiota tended to exhibit weaker connections from 32 weeks of gestation to the antepartum timepoint. Changes in the gut microbiota during late pregnancy were correlated with the absorbance and metabolism of microbiota-associated metabolites, such as fatty acids and free amino acids, thereby generating a unique metabolic system for the growth of the fetus. Decreasing the concentration of specific metabolites in plasma and increasing the levels of palmitic acid and 20-hydroxyarachidonic acid may enhance the transformation of a proinflammatory immune state as pregnancy progresses.
PubMed: 36569048
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059227 -
Translational Psychiatry Jul 2021Compelling evidence supports alterations in gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several bacterial taxa in...
Compelling evidence supports alterations in gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several bacterial taxa in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings for ADHD are inconsistent among studies, and specific gut microbiome signatures for the disorder remain unknown. Given that previous studies have mainly focused on the pediatric form of the disorder and involved small sample sizes, we conducted the largest study to date to compare the gastrointestinal microbiome composition in 100 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 100 sex-matched healthy controls. We found evidence that ADHD subjects have differences in the relative abundance of several microbial taxa. At the family level, our data support a lower relative abundance of Gracilibacteraceae and higher levels of Selenomonadaceae and Veillonellaceae in adults with ADHD. In addition, the ADHD group showed higher levels of Dialister and Megamonas and lower abundance of Anaerotaenia and Gracilibacter at the genus level. All four selected genera explained 15% of the variance of ADHD, and this microbial signature achieved an overall sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 71% for distinguishing between ADHD patients and healthy controls. We also tested whether the selected genera correlate with age, body mass index (BMI), or scores of the ADHD rating scale but found no evidence of correlation between genera relative abundance and any of the selected traits. These results are in line with recent studies supporting gut microbiome alterations in neurodevelopment disorders, but further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota on the ADHD across the lifespan and its contribution to the persistence of the disorder from childhood to adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Body Mass Index; Child; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 34238926
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01504-6 -
PeerJ 2023Cardiovascular disease, which is mainly caused by coronary atherosclerosis, is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Gut microbiota likely play an...
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular disease, which is mainly caused by coronary atherosclerosis, is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Gut microbiota likely play an important role in coronary atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate the microbiota profile of adults with coronary atherosclerosis to provide a theoretical basis for future research.
METHODS
Fecal samples were collected from 35 adult patients diagnosed with coronary atherosclerosis and 32 healthy adults in Nanjing, China, and the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA genes was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing. Differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and gut microbiota composition between the two groups were then compared.
RESULTS
A beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between adults with coronary atherosclerosis and controls, but there was no statistical difference in alpha diversity between the two groups. There were also differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between the two groups. The genera, , , , , , were identified as potential biomarkers for coronary atherosclerosis.
CONCLUSION
There are some differences in the gut microbiota of adults with coronary atherosclerosis compared to healthy adults. The insights from this study could be used to explore microbiome-based mechanisms for coronary atherosclerosis.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Coronary Artery Disease; Microbiota; Cardiovascular Diseases; China
PubMed: 37220524
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15245 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome that is diagnosed and staged based mainly on symptoms. We aimed to evaluate frailty-related alterations of the intestinal...
OBJECTIVE
Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome that is diagnosed and staged based mainly on symptoms. We aimed to evaluate frailty-related alterations of the intestinal permeability and profile fecal microbiota of healthy and frail older adults to identify microbial biomarkers of this syndrome.
METHODS
We collected serum and fecal samples from 94 community-dwelling older adults, along with anthropometric, medical, mental health, and lifestyle data. Serum inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and HGMB1 and the intestinal permeability biomarker zonulin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing method was performed to determine the fecal composition of fecal microbiota. We analyzed the diversity and composition differences of the gut microbiota in the two groups and assessed the relationship between the changes in microbiota structure and clinical biomarkers.
RESULTS
Older adults with frailty showed higher concentrations of IL-6, HGMB1, and zonulin. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the diversity index and evenness indices or species richness of fecal microbiota between the two groups, we found significant microbiota structure differences. Compared with the control group, fecal samples from the frail group had higher levels of , , and and lower levels of the commensal genera , , , , and Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the intergenus interactions were more common in healthy controls than older adults with frailty. /, , , and were positively correlated with IL-6, while , , and were negatively correlated with IL-6. were found to be positively correlated with HGMB1. and were linked to the increased serum level of inflammatory factors and intestinal permeability.
CONCLUSIONS
Frailty is associated with differences in the composition of fecal microbiota. These findings might aid in the development of probiotics or microbial-based therapies for frailty.
Topics: Aged; Feces; Frailty; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34485176
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.696186 -
Atherosclerosis May 2024Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel concept proposed in 2020, which is more practical for identifying patients with fatty liver disease with high...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel concept proposed in 2020, which is more practical for identifying patients with fatty liver disease with high risk of disease progression. Fatty liver is a driver for extrahepatic complications, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the risk of CVD in MAFLD could be predicted by carotid ultrasound test, a very early stage prediction method before the formation of pathological damage is still lacking.
METHODS
Stool microbiomes and plasma metabolites were compared across 196 well-characterized participants encompassing normal controls, simple MAFLD patients, MAFLD patients with carotid artery pathological changes, and MAFLD patients with diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD). 16S rDNA sequencing data and untargeted metabolomic profiles were interrogatively analyzed using differential abundance analysis and random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm to identify discriminatory gut microbiomes and metabolomic.
RESULTS
Characteristic microbial changes in MAFLD patients with CVD risk were represented by the increase of Clostridia and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios. Faecalibacterium was negatively correlated with mean-intima-media thickness (IMT), TC, and TG. Megamonas, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Escherichia were positively correlated with the exacerbation of pathological indexes. MAFLD patients with CVD risk were characterized by the decrease of lithocholic acid taurine conjugate, and the increase of ethylvanillin propylene glycol acetal, both of which had close relationship with Ruminococcus and Gemmiger. Biotin l-sulfoxide had positive correlation with mean-IMT, TG, and weight. The general auxin pesticide beta-naphthoxyacetic acid and the food additive glucosyl steviol were both positively correlated with the increase of mean-IMT. The model combining the metabolite signatures with 9 clinical parameters accurately distinguished MAFLD with CVD risk in the proband and validation cohort. It was found that citral was the most important discriminative metabolite marker, which was validated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
CONCLUSIONS
Simple MAFLD patients and MAFLD patients with CVD risk had divergent gut microbes and plasma metabolites. The predictive model based on metabolites and 9 clinical parameters could effectively discriminate MAFLD patients with CVD risk at a very early stage.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Feces; Metabolomics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Biomarkers; Risk Assessment; Case-Control Studies; Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Bacteria; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Adult; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Machine Learning; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
PubMed: 38581738
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117526 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Jun 2022To explore the role of gut microbiota in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Seventy fecal samples were collected, including 27 patients with GD, 27...
To explore the role of gut microbiota in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Seventy fecal samples were collected, including 27 patients with GD, 27 with HT, and 16 samples from healthy volunteers. Chemiluminescence was used to detect thyroid function and autoantibodies (FT3, FT4, TSH, TRAb, TGAb, and TPOAb); thyroid ultrasound and 16S sequencing were used to analyze the bacteria in fecal samples; KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups) were used to analyze the functional prediction and pathogenesis. The overall structure of gut microbiota in the GD and HT groups was significantly different from the healthy control group. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria contents were the highest in the HT group. Compared to the control group, the GD and HT groups had a higher abundance of Erysipelotrichia, Cyanobacteria, and _2 and lower levels of and . Further analysis of KEGG found that the "ABC transporter" metabolic pathway was highly correlated with the occurrence of GD and HT. COG analysis showed that the GD and HT groups were enriched in carbohydrate transport and metabolism compared to the healthy control group but not in amino acid transport and metabolism. Our data suggested that , , and could be used as potential markers to distinguish GD and HT from the healthy population and that "ABC transporter" metabolic pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of GD and HT.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Graves Disease; Hashimoto Disease; Humans
PubMed: 35675824
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-016 -
PloS One 2021Obesity is the cause of cardiovascular diseases and other diseases, leading to increased medical costs, and causing a great burden to individuals, families and society....
BACKGROUND
Obesity is the cause of cardiovascular diseases and other diseases, leading to increased medical costs, and causing a great burden to individuals, families and society. The prevalence of obesity is increasing and has become a global health problem. There is growing evidence that gut microbiota plays an important role in obesity. In this article, we revealed the differences in the gut microbiota between 21 people with obesity and 21 control subjects, and predicted the functional potential changes by 16S rRNA sequencing of the fecal bacteria of the subjects.
METHODS
The raw sequencing data of 21 healthy Beijing volunteers was downloaded from Microbial Genome Database System. Microbial 16S rRNA genes of 21 adults with obesity were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq instrument and analyzed by using bioinformatics and statistical methods.
RESULTS
The diversity of gut microbiota in people with obesity decreased significantly. There were significant differences in gut microbiota between the Obesity and Control group at different levels. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria are significantly different between the Obesity and Control group. In people with obesity, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes decreased significantly. At the genus level, there were significant differences among the 16 major genera, of which four genera Prevotella, Megamonas, Fusobacterium and Blautia increased significantly in people with obesity, while the remaining 12 genera, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, Gemmiger and Clostridium XlVa, etc. decreased significantly. At the species level, nine species including Bacteroides uniformis and Prevotella copri had significant differences. Compared with the control group, subjects with obesity were abnormalities in 57 pathways, mainly in Carbohydrate metabolism and Lipid metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our study revealed differences in the gut microbiota between people with obesity and control subjects, providing novel target for the treatment of individuals with obesity.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroides; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34375351
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255446 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2021This study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who...
This study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Bacteria; Chickens; Diet; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Meat; Pork Meat; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Swine; Tryptophan; Young Adult
PubMed: 34099832
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91429-3 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the significant role of gut microbiota in various pathologies. We performed a systematic review to review the different... (Review)
Review
There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the significant role of gut microbiota in various pathologies. We performed a systematic review to review the different microbiota involved in neuropsychiatric diseases. 50 studies (23 studies for autism spectrum disorders, 18 for major depression, and 9 for schizophrenia), representing 2,137 patients and 2,844 controls. Concerning the microbiota, the genera were the ones detected with the most frequent variation of their relatives abundance. We also assess the overlap between the different pathologies. This study provides new insights into the complex relationship between the brain and the gut and the implications in neuropsychiatric pathologies. The identification of unique signatures in neuropsychiatric diseases suggests new possibilities in targeted anti or probiotic treatment.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Probiotics
PubMed: 35360098
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.831666