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Journal of Inflammation Research 2021Ifosfamide (IFS) has potential complications such as nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Although mesna can prevent IFS-induced cystitis by direct binding and...
BACKGROUND
Ifosfamide (IFS) has potential complications such as nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Although mesna can prevent IFS-induced cystitis by direct binding and neutralization of acrolein, HC symptoms have still been observed clinically in most of these cases. is a powerful healing vegetable that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The current study evaluated the synergistic effects of mesna and celery seed on IFS-induced HC in rabbits.
METHODS
Twenty male rabbits (four groups) were administered distilled water, IFS, mesna, and mesna+celery seed cotherapy (MCC) for three weeks. The serum and urinary bladder of experimental rabbits underwent biochemical (TNF-α, MDA, iNOS, SOD, GPx, and CAT), histopathological and ultrastructural investigations to evaluate the structural changes of the urinary bladder (UB).
RESULTS
IFS injection resulted in severe cystitis with a remarkable increase in the scale of hematuria, elevations of TNF-α, MDA, and iNOS activity, and reduced activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT antioxidants. Additionally, the structure of UB exhibited evident mucosal edema and ulceration. In contrast, the MCC regimen group revealed partial synergistic improvement of all mentioned parameters.
CONCLUSION
IFS induced cystitis by releasing acrolein, which exerted a significant role in the pathogenesis of HC. In contrast, the MCC intake partially ameliorated the UB damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
PubMed: 34795496
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S337405 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Oct 2021The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of different doses of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (MESNA) and 5-fluorouracil on cholesteatoma...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of different doses of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (MESNA) and 5-fluorouracil on cholesteatoma formation.
METHODS
Fifty-six Wistar albino male rats were divided into seven groups with eight rats in each. On the first, eighth and fifteenth days, 0.2 ml of saline was administered to the group 1 (control group), and propylene glycol to induce cholesteatoma the other groups. On the 22 day of the study, 0.2 ml saline was given to Group 1 and Group 2. Groups 3 to 7 were treated with 0.2 ml 100% MESNA, 0.2 ml 50% MESNA, 0.2 ml 20% MESNA, 0.2 ml 5-fluorouracil and 0.1 ml 100% MESNA plus 0.1 ml 5-fluorouracil, respectively, with all applications performed by intratympanic injection.
RESULTS
Significant differences were found between Group 1 and all other groups except Group 3. Significant differences were also found between Group 3 and Groups 2, 5 and 6 (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, experimental cholesteatoma induced with propylene glycol may be inhibited by MESNA at 100% concentration.
Topics: Animals; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear; Fluorouracil; Humans; Mesna; Propylene Glycols; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34734585
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1392 -
Autophagy Sep 2022Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis. Over the past two decades, a series of... (Review)
Review
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis. Over the past two decades, a series of scientific breakthroughs have helped explain autophagy-related molecular mechanisms and physiological functions. This tremendous progress continues to depend largely on powerful research methods, specifically, various autophagy marker Atg8-PE protein-based methods for studying membrane dynamics and monitoring autophagic activity. Recently, several biochemical approaches have been successfully developed to produce the lipidated protein Atg8-PE or its mimics , including enzyme-mediated reconstitution systems, chemically defined reconstitution systems, cell-free lipidation systems and protein chemical synthesis. These approaches have contributed important insights into the mechanisms underlying Atg8-mediated membrane dynamics and protein-protein interactions, creating a new perspective in autophagy studies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize Atg8-PE protein-based biochemical approaches and recent advances to facilitate a better understanding of autophagy mechanisms. In addition, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various Atg8-PE protein-based approaches to provide general guidance for their use in studying autophagy. ATG: autophagy related; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; COPII: coat protein complex II; DGS-NTA: 1,2-dioleoyl--glycero-3-[(N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid)succinyl] (nickel salt); DPPE: 1,2-dipalmitoyl--glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; DSPE: 1,2-distearoyl--glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; ; EPL: expressed protein ligation; ERGIC: ER-Golgi intermediate compartment; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GABARAPL1: GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1; GABARAPL2: GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GUVs: giant unilamellar vesicles; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MBP: maltose binding protein; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MESNa: 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt; NCL: native chemical ligation; NTA: nitrilotriacetic acid; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PS: phosphatidylserine; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SPPS: solid-phase peptide synthesis; TEV: tobacco etch virus; WT: wild-type.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; Escherichia coli; Fibroblasts; Mice; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 35072587
DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2025572 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Feb 2021To determine whether submucosal mesna (2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate) infiltration is superior to normal saline or adrenaline + lidocaine in mucoperichondrial...
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether submucosal mesna (2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate) infiltration is superior to normal saline or adrenaline + lidocaine in mucoperichondrial hydrodissection.
METHODS
Twenty-one rabbits were administered adrenaline + lidocaine, saline or mesna. Bilateral septal mucoperichondrial flap elevations were performed following submucosal infiltration. The intraoperative bleeding amount, operation time, accessibility of the surgical plane, field quality and degree of mucoperichondrial injury were recorded. The three groups were compared histopathologically.
RESULTS
The amount of bleeding and duration of the operation were significantly higher and the accessibility of the surgical plane score was significantly lower in the saline group vs. the other groups (p < 0.05). The mucosal damage rate was significantly higher in the saline group compared with adrenaline + lidocaine (p < 0.05). The surgical field quality was significantly lower in the saline group compared with adrenaline + lidocaine (p < 0.05). The accessibility of the correct surgical plane score was significantly lower in the saline group compared with the adrenaline + lidocaine and mesna groups (p < 0.05). The amount of bleeding, duration of operation, surgical field quality and accessibility of the surgical plane did not differ significantly between the adrenaline + lidocaine and mesna groups (p > 0.05). The pericondrium thickness was significantly lower in the saline group than the other groups. Cartilage thickness was significantly higher in the saline group compared with the mesna group (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Use of mesna instead of normal saline or adrenaline + lidocaine in septoplasty was not more advantageous in terms of intraoperative parameters. The adrenaline + lidocaine group was superior to normal saline for all intraoperative parameters. In conclusion, the use of adrenaline may be more advantageous in facilitating septal mucoperichondrium elevation due to its widespread use, low cost and superiority to physiological saline.
Topics: Animals; Epinephrine; Humans; Lidocaine; Mesna; Rabbits; Rhinoplasty; Saline Solution
PubMed: 33746223
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N0920 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jul 2023Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes organ dysfunction as a result of the increased formation of various reactive oxygen metabolites, infiltration of inflammatory cells,...
BACKGROUND
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes organ dysfunction as a result of the increased formation of various reactive oxygen metabolites, infiltration of inflammatory cells, interstitial edema, cellular dysfunction, and tissue death.
AIM
The study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) against tissue damage in rats exposed to carotid ischemia-reperfusion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): sham, carotid I/R, I/R + MESNA (75 mg/kg), and I/R + MESNA (150 mg/kg) groups. To induce ischemia in rats, the carotid arteries were ligated with silk sutures for 10 min; the silk suture was then opened, and 1 h reperfusion was done. MESNA (75 and 150 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia-reperfusion. Tissue samples from the animals were taken for histological examination, while the serum levels of some biochemical parameters were utilized to evaluate the systemic alterations. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were applied with a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
The ischemia-reperfusion-induced tissue damage as evidenced by increase in serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, -8) was significantly (P < 0.05-0.0001) reversed after treatment with MESNA in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with MESNA (75 and 150 mg/kg), significantly (P < 0.05-0.0001) decreased the I/R-induced increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 β).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that MESNA has a protective effect on tissues by suppressing cellular responses to oxidants and inflammatory mediators associated with carotid ischemia-reperfusion.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Mesna; Lung Injury; Rats, Wistar; Brain; Ischemia; Reperfusion; Silk
PubMed: 37635578
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_654_22 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021Cognitive impairment is one of the most deleterious effects of chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients, and this problem sometimes remains even after chemotherapy... (Review)
Review
Cognitive impairment is one of the most deleterious effects of chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients, and this problem sometimes remains even after chemotherapy ends. Common classes of chemotherapy-based regimens such as anthracyclines, taxanes, and platinum derivatives can induce both oxidative stress in the blood and in the brain, and these effects can be reproduced in neuronal and glia cell cultures. In rodent models, both the acute and repeated administration of doxorubicin or adriamycin (anthracyclines) or cisplatin impairs cognitive functions, as shown by their diminished performance in different learning and memory behavioural tasks. Administration of compounds with strong antioxidant effects such as acetylcysteine, gamma-glutamyl cysteine ethyl ester, polydatin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA) counteract both oxidative stress and cognitive alterations induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. These antioxidant molecules provide the scientific basis to design clinical trials in patients with the aim of reducing the oxidative stress and cognitive alterations, among other probable central nervous system changes, elicited by chemotherapy in cancer patients. In particular, acetylcysteine and MESNA are currently used in clinical settings and are therefore attracting scientific attention.
PubMed: 34356349
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071116 -
Current Treatment Options in... 2017With established immunosuppressant treatment regimens for anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides (AAV), prognosis has significantly improved. The... (Review)
Review
With established immunosuppressant treatment regimens for anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides (AAV), prognosis has significantly improved. The mainstay of treatment still comprises high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide for severe forms, although rituximab is being increasingly utilised instead of cyclophosphamide as induction therapy. AAV patients experience an excess of infections, malignancies and cardiovascular events as compared to the general population, which is a combination of the systemic inflammatory process associated with vasculitis and the adverse events from treatment. Successful therapy should focus on suppressing disease activity and minimising treatment-related toxicity. Infection is the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality in the first year of treatment, and annual pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations, prophylaxis and tuberculosis (TB) and Hepatitis B virus screening are advised. Patients on high-dose corticosteroid treatment should have regular blood sugar monitoring, a FRAX assessment with vitamin D and calcium supplementation, consideration of prophylaxis for gastric ulcers and a cardiovascular risk assessment. Patients who are treated with cyclophosphamide could also receive MESNA to reduce the risk of chemical cystitis. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and azathioprine all require blood monitoring schedules due to the risk of bone marrow suppression, liver and renal toxicity. Hypogammaglobulinaemia is a recognised risk of rituximab treatment. Patients of reproductive age need to be counselled on the infertility risks with cyclophosphamide and the teratogenicity associated with it, methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil. A greater focus on identifying clinical and biological markers that will help identify those patients at greatest risk of relapse, e.g. GPA and PR3-ANCA specificity, from those patients at greatest risk of toxicity, e.g. increasing age and declining GFR, is required to allow treatment to be tailored accordingly.
PubMed: 29201630
DOI: 10.1007/s40674-017-0082-y -
Scientific Reports Jun 2021The lung is severely affected by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Mesna, a thiol compound, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed in...
The lung is severely affected by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Mesna, a thiol compound, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed in the present work to explore the potential beneficial effects of Mesna on the acute lung damage mediated by intestinal I-R in a rat model. Forty male adult albino rats were randomly separated into; control, intestinal I-R, Mesna I and Mesna II groups. Mesna was administered by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 60 min before ischemia (Mesna I) and after reperfusion (Mesna II). Arterial blood gases and total proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured. Lung tissue homogenates were utilized for biochemical assays of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Lung specimens were managed for examination by light and electron microscopy. Our results revealed that Mesna attenuated the histopathological changes and apoptosis of the lung following intestinal I-R. Mesna also recovered systemic oxygenation. Mesna suppressed neutrophil infiltration (as endorsed by the reduction in MPO level), reduced ICAM-1 mRNA expression, inhibited NF-κB pathway and reduced the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the lung tissues. Mesna maintained the antioxidant profile as evidenced by the elevation of the tissue GPx and SOD and down-regulation of HSP70 immune-expressions. Accordingly, Mesna treatment can be a promising way to counteract remote injury of the lung resulted from intestinal I-R.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cytokines; Down-Regulation; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; Inflammation; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Intestines; Lung; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mesna; Neutrophil Infiltration; Oxidative Stress; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Reperfusion Injury
PubMed: 34172794
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92653-7 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Dec 2008Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare tumor of vascular origin. While it can be found in any tissue, it is most often found in lung and liver and usually has... (Review)
Review
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare tumor of vascular origin. While it can be found in any tissue, it is most often found in lung and liver and usually has an intermediate behavior. EHEs originating from pleural tissue have been less frequently described than those from other sites. Furthermore, to date, all of the cited pleural EHEs were described as highly aggressive. In the present report, we describe a rare case of pleural EHE extending to lung and bone in a 31-year-old woman. The histological diagnosis was confirmed by both conventional examination and immunohistochemistry. Her disease stabilized during the 4th course of adriamycin (45 mg/m(2), day 1-3), dacarbazine (300 mg/m(2), day 1-3) and ifosfamide (2,500 mg/m(2), day 1-3) with mesna, and she survived for 10 months after the diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Diagnosis, Differential; Factor VIII; Female; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Lung Neoplasms; Pleural Neoplasms; Vimentin
PubMed: 19108030
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2008.49.6.1036 -
BJU International Nov 2013• To review the published data on predisposing risk factors for cancer treatment-induced haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and the evidence for the different preventive and... (Review)
Review
• To review the published data on predisposing risk factors for cancer treatment-induced haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and the evidence for the different preventive and therapeutic measures that have been used in order to help clinicians optimally define and manage this potentially serious condition. • Despite recognition that HC can be a significant complication of cancer treatment, there is currently a lack of UK-led guidelines available on how it should optimally be defined and managed. • A systematic literature review was undertaken to evaluate the evidence for preventative measures and treatment options in the management of cancer treatment-induced HC. • There is a wide range of reported incidence due to several factors including variability in study design and quality, the type of causal agent, the grading of bleeding, and discrepancies in definition criteria. • The most frequently reported causal factors are radiotherapy to the pelvic area, where HC has been reported in up to 20% of patients, and treatment with cyclophosphamide and bacillus Calmette-Guérin, where the incidence has been reported as up to 30%. • Mesna (2-mercaptoethane sodium sulphonate), hyperhydration and bladder irrigation have been the most frequently used prophylactic measures to prevent treatment-related cystitis, but are not always effective. • Cranberry juice is widely cited as a preventative measure and sodium pentosanpolysulphate as a treatment, although the evidence for both is very limited. • The best evidence exists for intravesical hyaluronic acid as an effective preventative and active treatment, and for hyperbaric oxygen as an equally effective treatment option. • The lack of robust data and variability in treatment strategies used highlights the need for further research, as well as best practice guidance and consensus on the management of HC.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cystitis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 24000900
DOI: 10.1111/bju.12291