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Forensic Toxicology Jan 2023The information on analytical methods for 4-quinazolinone recreational drugs, such as methaqualone, etaqualone and 2-methoxyqualone, is almost scant. In this study,...
The next addiction-causing drug class 4-quinazolinone derivatives: analyses of methaqualone analogs including recently discovered 2-methoxyqualone by different modes of mass spectrometry.
PURPOSE
The information on analytical methods for 4-quinazolinone recreational drugs, such as methaqualone, etaqualone and 2-methoxyqualone, is almost scant. In this study, product ion spectra of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with different collision energies were presented for these drugs. Because 2-methoxyqualone is a new recreational drug discovered in dubious tablets very recently, much more detailed data obtained by different types of mass spectrometry instruments, and quantification data of 2-methoxyqualone in the tablet together with its validation were demonstrated.
METHODS
The methods for analyses were GC-MS/MS, high-resolution ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
The GC-MS/MS product ion spectra of the three compounds with different collision energies have not been reported before. They were very useful to tentatively identify unknown compounds. If a reference standard is available, the final identification and quantification can be achieved by measurements of product ion spectra and in selected reaction monitoring mode very easily by GC-MS/MS. The final identification and quantification for the new 2-methoxyqualone were performed in this way. The content of the compound was 69.8 ± 0.5% (w/w) in the tablet. Acetaminophen and caffeine coexisted in the tablet with approximate concentrations at 10 and 5%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In this article, we have presented product ion spectra of methaqualone, etaqualone and 2-methoxyqualone at different collision energies by GC-MS/MS for the first time. In addition, this is the first paper to describe the details of quantification of 2-methoxyqualone in the authentic seized product.
Topics: Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Methaqualone; Tablets
PubMed: 36652055
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00631-z -
British Medical Journal Oct 1973Abuse of drugs "for kicks" is becoming more common in Great Britain. This article reviews 252 consecutive cases of drug abuse admitted to the Regional Poisoning...
Abuse of drugs "for kicks" is becoming more common in Great Britain. This article reviews 252 consecutive cases of drug abuse admitted to the Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, during 1971 and 1972. Of the 189 patients (146 males and 43 females; mean age 20 years) 72% of admissions occurred between 6 p.m. and 8 a.m., and Saturday was the most common day for admissions. The commonest source of referral was via the police or ambulance service. Barbiturates were the drugs most often abused, followed by LSD (lysergide) and Mandrax (methaqualone and diphenhydramine). Sixty-five per cent. of patients had previously abused drugs. Medical care was required in 45% of the admissions. Sixty per cent. were in social class 4 or 5 and psychiatric and social support was required in only a small minority of patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Ambulances; Barbiturates; Diphenhydramine; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Male; Mental Disorders; Methaqualone; Personality Disorders; Poison Control Centers; Referral and Consultation; Sex Factors; Social Class; Social Control, Formal; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors
PubMed: 4752308
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5885.136 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... May 2010To assist with patient diagnosis and management, physicians from pain services, drug treatment programs, and the emergency department frequently request that urine be...
CONTEXT
To assist with patient diagnosis and management, physicians from pain services, drug treatment programs, and the emergency department frequently request that urine be tested for drugs of abuse. However, urine immunoassays for drugs of abuse have limitations.
OBJECTIVE
To use data from the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Surveys to determine and summarize the characteristics, performance, and limitations of urine immunoassays for drugs of abuse.
DESIGN
Six years of urine drug testing proficiency surveys were reviewed.
RESULTS
Lysergic acid diethylamide and methaqualone are infrequently prescribed or abused and, therefore, testing may be unnecessary. However, implementation of more specific testing for methylenedioxymethamphetamine and oxycodone may be warranted. Each drug of abuse immunoassay exhibits a different cross-reactivity profile. Depending on the cross-reactivity profile, patients with clinically insignificant concentrations of drugs may have false-positive results, and patients with clinically significant concentrations of drugs may have false-negative results.
CONCLUSIONS
Laboratory directors should be aware of the characteristics of their laboratories' assays and should communicate these characteristics to physicians so that qualitative results can be interpreted more accurately. Furthermore, manufacturer's claims should be interpreted with caution and should be verified in each organization's patient population, if possible.
Topics: Data Collection; Humans; Immunoassay; Laboratories; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Oxycodone; Substance Abuse Detection
PubMed: 20441504
DOI: 10.5858/134.5.735 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Sep 1969A method is described for the detection of methaqualone and its metabolites in the presence of large doses of other drugs.
A method is described for the detection of methaqualone and its metabolites in the presence of large doses of other drugs.
Topics: Chlorpromazine; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diphenhydramine; Humans; Methadone; Methaqualone; Methods
PubMed: 5364446
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.22.5.602 -
British Medical Journal Jul 1973
Topics: Diphenhydramine; Drug Prescriptions; Methaqualone; United Kingdom
PubMed: 4720780
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jun 1973
Topics: Drug and Narcotic Control; England; Humans; Methaqualone; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 4714492
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5865.552-a -
British Medical Journal May 1973
Topics: Diphenhydramine; Humans; Methaqualone; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide; United Kingdom
PubMed: 4704530
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5862.367-c -
The South African Journal of Psychiatry... 2024Epidemiological studies suggest that nyaope, a heroin-based drug, is widely used in South Africa. Yet few reliable research tools are available to assess treatment...
BACKGROUND
Epidemiological studies suggest that nyaope, a heroin-based drug, is widely used in South Africa. Yet few reliable research tools are available to assess treatment outcomes of users. The Opiate Treatment Index (OTI), a tool developed in Australia, could potentially facilitate research on context-specific South African treatment outcomes. However, we know little of its test-retest reliability.
AIM
This study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of the OTI among a sample of nyaope users in Johannesburg.
SETTING
This study was conducted across three substance use treatment facilities in Johannesburg.
METHODS
The OTI was administered to 53 nyaope users at baseline and one week later. To determine the test-retest reliability of the OTI, the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and the Brennan-Prediger coefficients of the two interviews were calculated.
RESULTS
The ICC of the Q-scores from the data sets along with the Brennan-Prediger coefficient for the substance use domain were calculated. The ICC for nyaope was 0.38. Brennan-Prediger coefficients were as follows: alcohol - 0.96, crack-cocaine - 0.89, cannabis - 0.92, methaqualone - 0.85 and crystal methamphetamine - 0.89.
CONCLUSION
A significant positive finding was the excellent test-retest reliability of the injecting and sexual behaviour domains and moderate reliability of the criminality, general health and social functioning domains.
CONTRIBUTION
The results of this study provide insight into the reliability of this tool and for its use in future studies in the South African context.
PubMed: 38444406
DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2087 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jun 19741 The effects of diphenhydramine on the buccal absorption, in vivo absorption and the in vitro dissolution of methaqualone have been studied. 2 Diphenhydramine...
1 The effects of diphenhydramine on the buccal absorption, in vivo absorption and the in vitro dissolution of methaqualone have been studied. 2 Diphenhydramine significantly reduced the buccal absorption of methaqualone and the effect was dose and pH dependent. In vivo, diphenhydramine did not alter the rate of absorption or the distribution of methaqualone in blood. In vitro, the presence of diphenhydramine increased the rate of dissolution of methaqualone and the effect was more marked when the particle size was small. 3 The reasons for and the implications of these apparently contradictory results are discussed and it is concluded that any increased efficacy resulting from combining diphenhydramine with methaqualone cannot be due to increased plasma drug levels.
PubMed: 22454958
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1974.tb00247.x -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Apr 19751 Residual effects in man of methaqualone hydrochloride (400 mg) were studied by adaptive tracking and by reaction time. Performance was measured at 10 h, 13 h, 16 h, 19... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
1 Residual effects in man of methaqualone hydrochloride (400 mg) were studied by adaptive tracking and by reaction time. Performance was measured at 10 h, 13 h, 16 h, 19 h and 34 h after the overnight ingestion of the drug. There was no evidence of impaired performance on adaptive tracking from 10 h to 19 h, but enhanced performance (P = 0.001) was observed 34 h after ingestion. With reaction time an increase (P = 0.01) was observed 10 h and a decrease (P = 0.05) was observed 19 h after ingestion. 2 Effects in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) of methaqualone (20 and 30 mg/kg body weight) were studied by a delayed matching task in which total response time was measured. No consistent effects on matching behaviour or on total response time were observed 2 h after intraperitoneal injection. 3 The studies suggest that methaqualone hydrochloride may be a valuable hypnotic for occasional use by persons involved in skilled activity.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Haplorhini; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Methaqualone; Motor Skills; Pentobarbital; Placebos; Reaction Time; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 825133
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb01568.x