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Japanese Journal of Pharmacology Jun 1983Rats were rendered physically dependent on phenobarbital by phenobarbital-admixed foods. Barbital, phenobarbital, ethanol, diazepam, nitrazepam, meprobamate,...
Rats were rendered physically dependent on phenobarbital by phenobarbital-admixed foods. Barbital, phenobarbital, ethanol, diazepam, nitrazepam, meprobamate, methaqualone, chlorpromazine, diphenylhydantoin, mephenesin, reserpine and clonidine were cross-administered to evaluate the mode of suppression of withdrawal signs and cross-physical dependence liability. The drugs were administered several times during the period from 17-18 hr (when withdrawal signs began to appear) to about 48 hr after the withdrawal of phenobarbital. From the mode of suppression and severity of relapsed withdrawal signs, these drugs were classified into the following 3 types: Type 1: drugs suppressing withdrawal signs of phenobarbital (WSP) almost completely and followed by the relapse of severe WSP. Type II-a: drugs suppressing WSP partially and followed by the relapse of moderate WSP. Type II-b: drugs suppressing WSP partially and followed by the relapse of only mild or practically no signs. Type III (III-a and -b): drugs practically failing to suppress or rather aggravate WSP. Consequently, we found that it was possible to evaluate precisely the cross-physical dependence on sedative-hypnotics by means of investigation for the method of suppression of WSP and the relapse of such signs upon their withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Humans; Phenobarbital; Psychotropic Drugs; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 6684705
DOI: 10.1254/jjp.33.659 -
Japanese Journal of Pharmacology Jun 1972
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Glutethimide; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Methaqualone; Mice; Quinazolines; Quinazolinones; Rabbits; Sleep; Time Factors
PubMed: 4539402
DOI: 10.1254/jjp.22.431 -
The British Journal of Venereal Diseases Jun 1973
Topics: Adult; Balanitis; Diphenhydramine; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Male; Methaqualone
PubMed: 4268912
DOI: 10.1136/sti.49.3.316 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1968
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Coma; Diphenhydramine; England; Female; Humans; Male; Methaqualone; Middle Aged
PubMed: 5646072
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5597.101 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Feb 1984Wolf spiders (Lycosa spp.) show delayed induced sedation (total immobilization) of prolonged duration (in the order of days) after attacks upon millipeds (Glomeris...
Wolf spiders (Lycosa spp.) show delayed induced sedation (total immobilization) of prolonged duration (in the order of days) after attacks upon millipeds (Glomeris marginata). The sedation is specifically attributable to glomerin and homoglomerin, two previously characterized quinazolinones present in the defensive secretion of Glomeris. Median sedative doses for the quinazolinones are in the range of 1-7 mug per spider, a fraction of the total (60-90 mug) present in the secretion of medium to full-grown millipeds. A sedative effect upon an invertebrate predator has not previously been demonstrated for an animal defense. Quinazolinones include the synthetic drug methaqualone (Quaalude), a potent human sedative.
PubMed: 16593414
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.806 -
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of... Sep 1983Pigeons were trained to peck the center key (lighted white) of three response keys to turn off the center keylight and to light one of the side keys with a red keylight...
Pigeons were trained to peck the center key (lighted white) of three response keys to turn off the center keylight and to light one of the side keys with a red keylight and the other side key with a green keylight. Five responses (fixed-ratio component) on either side key relighted the center key. Food was delivered following 10 fixed-ratio components on the red key if 1.5 mg/kg phencyclidine had been given before the session. The position of the red and green keylights on the side keys varied randomly each time they were lighted by a peck on the center key. Subsequently, increasing doses of phencyclidine, barbital, amobarbital, phenobarbital, methaqualone, methyprylon, diazepam, oxazepam, and d-amphetamine were substituted for the training dose of phencyclidine, using a cumulative dosing procedure. At low doses of the sedative hypnotics, birds pecked the keylight color associated with saline. At higher doses, birds pecked both key colors. At the highest doses of pentobarbital and amobarbital, some birds responded almost exclusively On he color associated with phencyclidine. When responding on keys of both colors occurred following administration of phencyclidine or other sedative hypnotics, this responding was controlled by key position rather than by key color.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Generalization, Stimulus; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Pentobarbital; Phencyclidine
PubMed: 6631312
DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1983.40-133 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Dec 1973
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Diphenhydramine; Drug Combinations; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Indoles; Methaqualone; Piperazines; Preanesthetic Medication; Pulse; Structure-Activity Relationship; Time Factors
PubMed: 4787014
DOI: 10.1093/bja/45.12.1222 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Aug 1971
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Benzazepines; Blood Pressure; Diphenhydramine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketones; Methaqualone; Preanesthetic Medication; Time Factors; Tranquilizing Agents
PubMed: 5569134
DOI: 10.1093/bja/43.8.785 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Nov 1966
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diphenhydramine; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Methaqualone; Middle Aged; Nausea; Preanesthetic Medication; Tranquilizing Agents; Vomiting
PubMed: 5333885
DOI: 10.1093/bja/38.11.886 -
Japanese Journal of Pharmacology Mar 1969
Topics: Aconitum; Analgesics; Animals; Aspirin; Behavior, Animal; Chlorpromazine; Imipramine; Mephenesin; Methaqualone; Methods; Mice; Morphine; Phenoxybenzamine; Phenylbutazone; Phenytoin; Sodium Salicylate
PubMed: 5306218
DOI: 10.1254/jjp.19.179