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Polish Journal of Microbiology 2020Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the essential health problems throughout the world. Turkey is considered to be...
Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the essential health problems throughout the world. Turkey is considered to be endemic for TB. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of species, compare the diagnostic methods, and susceptibilities to anti-tuberculosis drugs of TB isolates. The aim was to document the current status and to provide a frame of reference for future studies. In this study, 278 species isolated from 7,480 patients between September 2015 and June 2019 were included. Löwenstein-Jensen medium (LJ) and MGIT 960 were used for the isolation of strains. Susceptibility to 1-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was determined. Positivity rates in clinical samples were as follows: 1.4% for direct microscopic acid-fast bacilli (AFB) detection, 3.4% for growth on the LJ, and 3.7% for growth on MGIT-960. Two hundred thirty-three isolates were identified as complex (MTBC) and 45 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs). Eleven of the NTMs (24.4%) were group isolates, and eight NTMs (17.7%) were complex isolates. A number of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis peaked twice between the ages of 20-31 and 60-71. A hundred and eighty-two MTBC isolates (78.1%) were susceptible to all 1-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, while 51 isolates (21.9%) were resistant to at least one drug tested. The multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 13.7% among resistant strains and 3% in all strains. The liquid cultures were better for detection of both MTBC and NTMs isolates. The data demonstrate that MTBC continues to be challenge for this country and indicates the need for continued surveillance and full-spectrum services of mycobacteriology laboratory and infectious diseases. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the essential health problems throughout the world. Turkey is considered to be endemic for TB. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of species, compare the diagnostic methods, and susceptibilities to anti-tuberculosis drugs of TB isolates. The aim was to document the current status and to provide a frame of reference for future studies. In this study, 278 species isolated from 7,480 patients between September 2015 and June 2019 were included. Löwenstein-Jensen medium (LJ) and MGIT 960 were used for the isolation of strains. Susceptibility to 1-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was determined. Positivity rates in clinical samples were as follows: 1.4% for direct microscopic acid-fast bacilli (AFB) detection, 3.4% for growth on the LJ, and 3.7% for growth on MGIT-960. Two hundred thirty-three isolates were identified as complex (MTBC) and 45 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs). Eleven of the NTMs (24.4%) were group isolates, and eight NTMs (17.7%) were complex isolates. A number of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis peaked twice between the ages of 20–31 and 60–71. A hundred and eighty-two MTBC isolates (78.1%) were susceptible to all 1-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, while 51 isolates (21.9%) were resistant to at least one drug tested. The multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 13.7% among resistant strains and 3% in all strains. The liquid cultures were better for detection of both MTBC and NTMs isolates. The data demonstrate that MTBC continues to be challenge for this country and indicates the need for continued surveillance and full-spectrum services of mycobacteriology laboratory and infectious diseases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Microbacterium; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Tuberculosis; Turkey
PubMed: 32468806
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-021 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Nov 2021The endophytic bacterial community and their diversity are closely related to the host's growth and development. This paper explores the culturable endophytic bacteria...
The endophytic bacterial community and their diversity are closely related to the host's growth and development. This paper explores the culturable endophytic bacteria in the stems, leaves, roots and rhizomes of (AM) of four localities (Yuqian, Wenxian, Pan'an and Pingjiang) and the potential correlation between the bacteria and plant bioactive compounds. A total of 118 endophytic bacteria belonging to 3 phyla, 5 classes, 11 orders, 26 families and 48 genera were isolated and identified from the four AM tissues. Among them, was the dominant genus. In AM, the tissue type and locality influenced the endophytic bacterial community. Approximately 29.7 and 28.8% of the endophytic bacteria exhibited tissue specificity and geographic specificity, respectively. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that the sesquiterpenoid (atractylenolide I, atractylenolide Ⅱ and atractylon) content was more in the rhizomes of Wenxian than in those of Pingjiang, Yuqian and Pan'an. The multiple linear regression was used to screen the bacterial strains related to the bioactive compounds of AM. The relative frequency of positively correlated with atractylenolide I and atractylon content in AM but negatively correlated with atractylenolide Ⅱ content. The study also provides a theoretical framework for future research on endophytic bacteria as alternative sources of secondary plant metabolites.
Topics: Atractylodes; Bacteria; Endophytes; Humans; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots
PubMed: 34825886
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001109 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Nov 2022Burgy is a siphovirus that was isolated from compost soil near Fremont Township, Iowa, using Microbacterium foliorum NRRL B-24224. The genome has a length of 17,453 bp...
Burgy is a siphovirus that was isolated from compost soil near Fremont Township, Iowa, using Microbacterium foliorum NRRL B-24224. The genome has a length of 17,453 bp and contains 25 total protein-coding genes, 20 of which were assigned functions. Based on gene content, Burgy was assigned to actinobacteriophage cluster EE.
PubMed: 36197284
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00912-22 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Feb 2023KUDC0405 was isolated from the rhizosphere of from the Dokdo Islands. The KUDC0405 strain was Gram-stain-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, and facultatively...
KUDC0405 was isolated from the rhizosphere of from the Dokdo Islands. The KUDC0405 strain was Gram-stain-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Strain KUDC0405 was a rod-shaped bacterium with size dimensions of 0.3-0.4 × 0.7-0.8 μm. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, KUDC0405 was most closely related to NEAU-LLE (97.8%) and CC-5209 (97.6%). The dDDH (digital DNA-DNA hybridization) values between KUDC0405 and NEAU-LLE and CC-5209 were below 17.3% and 17.5%, respectively. The ANI (average nucleotide identity) values among strains KUDC0405, NEAU-LLE, and CC-5209 were 86.6% and 80.7%, respectively. The AAI (average amino acid identity) values were 64.66% and 64.97%, respectively, between KUDC0405 and its closest related type strains. The genome contained 3,596 CDCs, three rRNAs, 46 tRNAs, and three non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The genomic DNA GC content was 70.4%. The polar lipids included diphosphatydilglycerol, glycolipid, phosphatydilglycerol, and unknown phospholipid, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C and iso-C. Strain KUDC0405 contained MK-12 as the major menaquinone. Based on genotypic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic properties, strain KUDC0405 should be considered a novel species within the genus , for which we propose the name sp. nov., and the type strain as KUDC0405 (=KCTC 49411, =CGMCC1.18472).
Topics: Elymus; Microbacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Republic of Korea; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 36655274
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2211.11024 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements May 2022Four microbacteriophages infecting the host Microbacterium foliorum were isolated at Gonzaga University as part of the SEA-PHAGES program. Phages Teehee, StrawberryJamm,...
Four microbacteriophages infecting the host Microbacterium foliorum were isolated at Gonzaga University as part of the SEA-PHAGES program. Phages Teehee, StrawberryJamm, Quammi, and Casend are in the EG cluster, with average genome sizes of 62,263 bp and GC contents of 67.2%, with other interesting characteristics.
PubMed: 35384701
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00185-22 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2021Global environmental contamination with a complex mixture of xenobiotics has become a major environmental issue worldwide. Many xenobiotic compounds severely impact the...
Global environmental contamination with a complex mixture of xenobiotics has become a major environmental issue worldwide. Many xenobiotic compounds severely impact the environment due to their high toxicity, prolonged persistence, and limited biodegradability. Microbial-assisted degradation of xenobiotic compounds is considered to be the most effective and beneficial approach. Microorganisms have remarkable catabolic potential, with genes, enzymes, and degradation pathways implicated in the process of biodegradation. A number of microbes, including , and , have been isolated and characterized, and have shown exceptional biodegradation potential for a variety of xenobiotic contaminants from soil/water environments. Microorganisms potentially utilize xenobiotic contaminants as carbon or nitrogen sources to sustain their growth and metabolic activities. Diverse microbial populations survive in harsh contaminated environments, exhibiting a significant biodegradation potential to degrade and transform pollutants. However, the study of such microbial populations requires a more advanced and multifaceted approach. Currently, multiple advanced approaches, including metagenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, are successfully employed for the characterization of pollutant-degrading microorganisms, their metabolic machinery, novel proteins, and catabolic genes involved in the degradation process. These technologies are highly sophisticated, and efficient for obtaining information about the genetic diversity and community structures of microorganisms. Advanced molecular technologies used for the characterization of complex microbial communities give an in-depth understanding of their structural and functional aspects, and help to resolve issues related to the biodegradation potential of microorganisms. This review article discusses the biodegradation potential of microorganisms and provides insights into recent advances and omics approaches employed for the specific characterization of xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms from contaminated environments.
PubMed: 33644024
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.632059 -
PloS One 2020Although organic matter may accumulate sometimes (e.g. lignocellulose in peat bog), most natural biodegradation processes are completed until full mineralization. Such...
Although organic matter may accumulate sometimes (e.g. lignocellulose in peat bog), most natural biodegradation processes are completed until full mineralization. Such transformations are often achieved by the concerted action of communities of interacting microbes, involving different species each performing specific tasks. These interactions can give rise to novel "community-intrinsic" properties, through e.g. activation of so-called "silent genetic pathways" or synergistic interplay between microbial activities and functions. Here we studied the microbial community-based degradation of keratin, a recalcitrant biological material, by four soil isolates, which have previously been shown to display synergistic interactions during biofilm formation; Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Xanthomonas retroflexus, Microbacterium oxydans and Paenibacillus amylolyticus. We observed enhanced keratin weight loss in cultures with X. retroflexus, both in dual and four-species co-cultures, as compared to expected keratin degradation by X. retroflexus alone. Additional community intrinsic properties included accelerated keratin degradation rates and increased biofilm formation on keratin particles. Comparison of secretome profiles of X. retroflexus mono-cultures to co-cultures revealed that certain proteases (e.g. serine protease S08) were significantly more abundant in mono-cultures, whereas co-cultures had an increased abundance of proteins related to maintaining the redox environment, e.g. glutathione peroxidase. Hence, one of the mechanisms related to the community intrinsic properties, leading to enhanced degradation from co-cultures, might be related to a switch from sulfitolytic to proteolytic functions between mono- and co-cultures, respectively.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biofilms; Coculture Techniques; Keratins; Microbial Consortia; Microbial Interactions; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 32004342
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228108 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2024A naturally occurring multispecies bacterial community composed of Bacillus cereus and two novel bacteria (Microbacterium forte sp. nov. and Stenotrophomonas goyi sp....
A naturally occurring multispecies bacterial community composed of Bacillus cereus and two novel bacteria (Microbacterium forte sp. nov. and Stenotrophomonas goyi sp. nov.) has been identified from a contaminated culture of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. When incubated in mannitol- and yeast extract-containing medium, this bacterial community can promote and sustain algal hydrogen production up to 313 mL H·L for 17 days and 163.5 mL H·L for 25 days in high-cell (76.7 μg·mL of initial chlorophyll) and low-cell density (10 μg·mL of initial chlorophyll) algal cultures, respectively. In low-cell density algal cultures, hydrogen production was compatible with algal growth (reaching up to 60 μg·mL of chlorophyll). Among the bacterial community, M. forte sp. nov. was the sole responsible for the improvement in hydrogen production. However, algal growth was not observed in the Chlamydomonas-M. forte sp. nov. consortium during hydrogen-producing conditions (hypoxia), suggesting that the presence of B. cereus and S. goyi sp. nov. could be crucial to support the algal growth during hypoxia. Still, under non‑hydrogen producing conditions (aerobiosis) the Chlamydomonas-M. forte sp. nov. consortium allowed algal growth (up to 40 μg·mL of chlorophyll) and long-term algal viability (>45 days). The genome sequence and growth tests of M. forte sp. nov. have revealed that this bacterium is auxotroph for biotin and thiamine and unable to use sulfate as sulfur source; it requires S-reduced forms such as cysteine and methionine. Cocultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and M. forte sp. nov. established a mutualistic association: the alga complemented the nutrient deficiencies of the bacterium, while the bacterium released ammonium (0.19 mM·day) and acetic acid (0.15 mM·day) for the alga. This work offers a promising avenue for photohydrogen production concomitant with algal biomass generation using nutrients not suitable for mixotrophic algal growth.
Topics: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Microbacterium; Chlorophyll; Chlamydomonas; Acetic Acid; Bacteria; Hypoxia; Hydrogen
PubMed: 38159768
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169559 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Nov 2021Drought severely restricts plant production and global warming is further increasing drought stress for crops. Much information reveals the ability of individual...
Drought severely restricts plant production and global warming is further increasing drought stress for crops. Much information reveals the ability of individual microbes affecting plant stress tolerance. However, the effects of emergent bacterial community properties on plant drought tolerance remain largely unexplored. Here, we inoculated Arabidopsis plants in vivo with a four-species bacterial consortium (Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Xanthomonas retroflexus, Microbacterium oxydans, and Paenibacillus amylolyticus, termed as SPMX), which is able to synergistically produce more biofilm biomass together than the sum of the four single-strain cultures, to investigate its effects on plant performance and rhizo-microbiota during drought. We found that SPMX remarkably improved Arabidopsis survival post 21-day drought whereas no drought-tolerant effect was observed when subjected to the individual strains, revealing emergent properties of the SPMX consortium as the underlying cause of the induced drought tolerance. The enhanced drought tolerance was associated with sustained chlorophyll content and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Furthermore, our data showed that the addition of SPMX helped to stabilize the diversity and structure of root-associated microbiomes, which potentially benefits plant health under drought. These SPMX-induced changes jointly confer an increased drought tolerance to plants. Our work may inform future efforts to engineer the emergent bacterial community properties to improve plant tolerance to drought.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Droughts; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34795326
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00253-0 -
IScience Jun 2024remains one of the deadliest infectious agents globally. Amidst efforts to control TB, long treatment duration, drug toxicity, and resistance underscore the need for...
remains one of the deadliest infectious agents globally. Amidst efforts to control TB, long treatment duration, drug toxicity, and resistance underscore the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Despite advances in understanding the interplay between microbiome and disease in humans, the specific role of the microbiome in predicting disease susceptibility and discriminating infection status in tuberculosis still needs to be fully investigated. We investigated the impact of infection and -specific IFNγ immune responses on airway microbiome diversity by performing TB GeneXpert and QuantiFERON-GOLD assays during the follow-up phase of a longitudinal HIV-Lung Microbiome cohort of individuals recruited from two large independent cohorts in rural Uganda. rather than IFNγ immune response mainly drove a significant reduction in airway microbiome diversity. A microbiome signature comprising , , , and accurately discriminated active TB from Latent TB and uninfected individuals.
PubMed: 38904070
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110142