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The Journal of Biological Chemistry Jul 1954
Topics: Acetobacter; Acetoin; Ketones; Micrococcus; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid
PubMed: 13192087
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Bacteriology Jun 1991Bacillus subtilis and related gram-positive bacteria which have low to moderate genomic G + C contents are unable to efficiently translate mRNA derived from...
Bacillus subtilis and related gram-positive bacteria which have low to moderate genomic G + C contents are unable to efficiently translate mRNA derived from gram-negative bacteria, whereas Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria are able to translate mRNA from both types of organisms. This phenomenon has been termed translational species specificity. Ribosomes from the low-G + C-content group (low-G + C group) of gram-positive organisms (B. subtilis and relatives) lack an equivalent to Escherichia ribosomal protein S1. The requirement for S1 for translation in E. coli (G. van Dieijen, P. H. van Knippenberg, J. van Duin, B. Koekman, and P. H. Pouwels, Mol. Gen. Genet. 153:75-80, 1977) and its specific role (A.R. Subramanian, Trends Biochem. Sci. 9:491-494, 1984) have been proposed. The group of gram-positive bacteria characterized by high genomic G + C content (formerly Actinomyces species and relatives) contain S1, in contrast to the low-G + C group (K. Mikulik, J. Smardova, A. Jiranova, and P. Branny, Eur. J. Biochem. 155:557-563, 1986). It is not known whether members of the high-G + C group are translationally specific, although there is evidence that one genus, Streptomyces, can express Escherichia genes in vivo (M. J. Bibb and S. N. Cohen, Mol. Gen. Genet. 187:265-277, 1985; J. L. Schottel, M. J. Bibb, and S. N. Cohen, J. Bacteriol. 146:360-368, 1981). In order to determine whether the organisms of this group are translationally specific, we examined the in vitro translational characteristics of a member of the high-G + C group, Micrococcus luteus, whose genomic G + C content is 73%. A semipurified coupled transcription-translation system of M. luteus translates Escherichia mRNA as well as Bacillus and Micrococcus mRNA. Therefore, M. luteus is translationally nonspecific and resembles E. coli rather than B. subtilis in its translational characteristics.
Topics: DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Micrococcus; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Protein Biosynthesis; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 2045372
DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.11.3514-3522.1991 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jul 1968In addition to canthaxanthin, seven pigment fractions were isolated from Micrococcus roseus. They were purified by solvent partitioning and by column and thin-layer...
In addition to canthaxanthin, seven pigment fractions were isolated from Micrococcus roseus. They were purified by solvent partitioning and by column and thin-layer chromatography. Visible absorption spectra, chromatographic behavior, and partition coefficients of the pigments and derivatives prepared from the pigments were used in characterizing them. Both alpha- and beta-carotene derivatives were present. The structure of one pigment was suggested as phoenicoxanthin (3-hydroxy-4,4'-diketo-beta-carotene). Four other pigments were tentatively characterized as a dihydroxy-3,4-dehydro-alpha-carotene, a dihydroxy-alpha-carotene, a diketo-alpha-carotene, and a polyhydroxy-beta-carotene. Two pigments were isolated in trace amounts and could not be characterized. All the pigments studied were isolated as mixtures of cis-trans isomers and all except the diketo-alpha-carotene were isolated as esters from M. roseus. Quantitation of the pigments showed that canthaxanthin (4,4'-diketo-beta-carotene) represented 85% of the pigment recovered from extracts. Three of the other pigments contributed a significant proportion of the remaining pigments, whereas the other four were present in only small amounts. beta-Carotene derivatives comprised 96% and alpha-carotene derivatives 4% of the pigments recovered from extracts.
Topics: Carotenoids; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Micrococcus; Spectrophotometry
PubMed: 5663569
DOI: 10.1128/jb.96.1.234-241.1968 -
Journal of Nippon Medical School =... 2019The number of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis has increased worldwide. Herein, we report the first case to our knowledge of continuous ambulatory peritoneal...
The number of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis has increased worldwide. Herein, we report the first case to our knowledge of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis caused by Micrococcus aloeverae, which was initially reported to be caused by Micrococcus luteus in the dialysate culture report but later identified by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing as M. aloeverae. A 59-year-old woman visited the emergency room due to abdominal pain. She was hospitalized with CAPD peritonitis. The patient initially responded to empirical antibiotic treatment comprising intraperitoneal cefazolin (15 mg/kg/day) and ceftazidime (1 g/day); however, the leukocyte count of dialysate effluent increased again. M. luteus was isolated four times from peritoneal dialysate cultures. We treated the patient with intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin (2 g loading, followed by 1 g every 7 days) but needed to switch from CAPD to temporary hemodialysis. We analyzed the 16S rRNA sequence to confirm the exact causative organism, and the results revealed that the organism was M. aloeverae. Because M. aloeverae and M. luteus have sequence similarity, 16S rRNA sequencing is a useful method to distingush them.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dialysis Solutions; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Micrococcus; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Vancomycin
PubMed: 30918158
DOI: 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2019_86-10 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2010Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is commonly found in cereals and animal feeds and causes a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. Several microbial...
Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is commonly found in cereals and animal feeds and causes a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. Several microbial isolates with high AFB(1) transformation ability have been identified in our previous studies. The aim of this research was to characterize one of those isolates, Myxococcus fulvus ANSM068, and to explore its biotransformation mechanism. The bacterial isolate of M. fulvus ANSM068, isolated from deer feces, was able to transform AFB(1) by 80.7% in liquid VY/2 medium after incubation at 30 °C for 72 h. The supernatant of the bacterial culture was more effective in transforming AFB(1) as compared to the cells alone and the cell extract. The transformation activity was significantly reduced and eradicated after the culture supernatant was treated with proteinase K, proteinase K plus SDS and heating. Culture conditions, including nitrogen source, initial pH and incubation temperature were evaluated for an optimal AFB(1) transformation. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analyses showed that AFB(1) was transformed to a structurally different compound. Infrared analysis (IR) indicated that the lactone ring on the AFB(1) molecule was modified by the culture supernatant. Chromatographies on DEAE-Ion exchange and Sephadex-Molecular sieve and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were used to determine active components from the culture supernatant, indicating that enzyme(s) were responsible for the AFB(1) biotransformation. This is the first report on AFB(1) transformation by a strain of myxobacteria through enzymatic reaction(s).
Topics: Aflatoxin B1; Animals; Biotransformation; Deer; Feces; Micrococcus
PubMed: 21152320
DOI: 10.3390/ijms11104063 -
Journal of Bacteriology Feb 1972A moderately halophilic Micrococcus sp., isolated from unrefined solar salt, produced a considerable amount of extracellular dextrinogenic amylase when cultivated...
A moderately halophilic Micrococcus sp., isolated from unrefined solar salt, produced a considerable amount of extracellular dextrinogenic amylase when cultivated aerobically in media containing 1 to 3 m NaCl. The Micrococcus amylase had maximal activity at pH 6 to 7 in 1.4 to 2 m NaCl or KCl at 50 C. Calcium ion and a high concentration of NaCl or KCl were essential for activity and stability of the amylase. The salt response of the amylase depended greatly on the pH and temperature of the enzyme assay.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Amylases; Calcium; Culture Media; Dialysis; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcus; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Chloride; Spectrophotometry; Temperature
PubMed: 5058445
DOI: 10.1128/jb.109.2.570-574.1972 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1981Three methods employed to distinguish staphylococci from micrococci were compared, using clinical and environmental strains. When these methods are used,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Three methods employed to distinguish staphylococci from micrococci were compared, using clinical and environmental strains. When these methods are used, misinterpretation of results, as well as erratic results, may occur, and suggestions for eliminating these problems are provided. The most sensitive test that combines ease of use and speed in obtaining results for distinguishing the two genera is the lysostaphin susceptibility test. Two other tests, facultatively anaerobic growth in semisolid thioglycolate agar and fermentation of dextrose, may also be used to distinguish these two genera, but results are often slow in developing, are subject to technical difficulties, and may lead to incorrect assignment of certain species of staphylococci and micrococci to their proper genera.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glucose; Lysostaphin; Micrococcus; Staphylococcus; Thioglycolates
PubMed: 7024307
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.14.2.195-200.1981 -
Applied Microbiology May 1973A rapid screening procedure was used to test the effect of 42 dyes on growth of 30 bacteria on solid media. The results indicated that many readily available dyes might...
A rapid screening procedure was used to test the effect of 42 dyes on growth of 30 bacteria on solid media. The results indicated that many readily available dyes might have potential application for selective isolation of specific bacterial groups as well as value in differentiating between closely related bacterial taxa. Separation of Enterobacter from Escherichia, Salmonella from Shigella, and Staphylococcus from Micrococcus by selected dyes was also evaluated.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Culture Media; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Micrococcus; Salmonella; Shigella; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 4577179
DOI: 10.1128/am.25.5.793-799.1973 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 1973A total of 274 strains of Micrococcus indolicus, 211 of which had been isolated from cases of summermastitis, 13 from other cases of mastitis in cattle, 15 from other...
A total of 274 strains of Micrococcus indolicus, 211 of which had been isolated from cases of summermastitis, 13 from other cases of mastitis in cattle, 15 from other suppurative lesions in cattle, 13 from insects, 13 from the vagina and interdigital skin of clinically healthy cows, and 9 from various suppurative lesions in swine, were studied and compared with 4 strains of anaerobic cocci of human origin, presumably representing at least 3 species closely related to Mi. indolicus: Staph. asaccharolyticus Distaso, Staph. aerogenes Schotmüller, and Staph. anaerobius Jungano. The growth characteristics of Mi. indolicus are described, and the most important biochemical criteria for its identification stated briefly (Table 1). By double diffusion-in-gel analysis 217 strains of Mi. indolicus could be divided in 6 antigenic types, designated A, B, C, D, E, and F (Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, Tables 2, 3, 4, and 6). By the complement fixation technique no difference could be demonstrated between the 6 types (Table 5). Strains isolated from healthy cattle or from insects all belonged to antigenic types commonly found in summermastitis. Three of 9 porcine strains belonged to a type (F) hitherto not found in cattle. The 4 human strains of anaerobic cocci showed no antigenic relation to Mi. indolicus (Table 5) and differed from it in growth characteristics and in biochemical properties (Table 1). It is concluded that, as suggested by (1934) Micrococcus indolicus should be classified as a species of its own and not as a variant of Staphylococcus asaccharolyticus Distaso 1967).
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacteriological Techniques; Cattle; Complement Fixation Tests; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Insecta; Mastitis, Bovine; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus; Serotyping; Staphylococcus; Swine
PubMed: 4199484
DOI: 10.1186/BF03547448 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 1964Beers, Roland F., Jr. (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md). Acridine orange binding by Micrococcus lysodeikticus. J. Bacteriol. 88:1249-1256. 1964.-Micrococcus...
Beers, Roland F., Jr. (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md). Acridine orange binding by Micrococcus lysodeikticus. J. Bacteriol. 88:1249-1256. 1964.-Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells bind acridine orange (AO) reversibly. The adsorption isotherm is consistent with a highly cooperative-type binding similar to that observed with polyadenylic acid. The cells exhibit a strong buffering action on the concentration of free AO which remains constant (1 mug/ml) over a range from 5 to 95% saturation of the cells by AO. The cells stain either fluorescent orange or green. The fraction stained orange is directly proportional to the quantity of dye adsorbed, indicating that these cells bind a fixed amount of AO (10% of dry weight). The green-stained cells contain less than 1% of the AO bound to orange-stained cells. The results suggest that the abrupt increase in amount of AO bound by the orange-stained cells occurs when the concentration of free AO reaches a threshold concentration. Similar results were obtained with Bacillus cereus. Mg increases the free AO concentration and the extent of binding capacity of the cells.
Topics: Acridine Orange; Acridines; Adsorption; Bacillus cereus; Bacteriological Techniques; Buffers; Coloring Agents; Fluorescence; Micrococcus; Micrococcus luteus; Microscopy; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Research; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 14234778
DOI: 10.1128/jb.88.5.1249-1256.1964