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Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2020Retinal migraine is usually defined by transitory attacks of fully reversible monocular visual loss, mostly with aura. An accurate diagnostic can be completed based upon... (Review)
Review
Retinal migraine is usually defined by transitory attacks of fully reversible monocular visual loss, mostly with aura. An accurate diagnostic can be completed based upon the International Classification of Headache Disorders-2 (ICHD-2) criteria. In view of this, we summarized some clinical features, treatment principles, complications, prognosis and prophylaxis.
Topics: Disease Management; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Prognosis; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Vessels; Vision, Monocular
PubMed: 32685773
DOI: No ID Found -
Headache Jun 2007Clinical and pathophysiological evidences connect migraine and the cerebellum. Literature on documented cerebellar abnormalities in migraine, however, is relatively... (Review)
Review
Clinical and pathophysiological evidences connect migraine and the cerebellum. Literature on documented cerebellar abnormalities in migraine, however, is relatively sparse. Cerebellar involvement may be observed in 4 types of migraines: in the widespread migraine with aura (MWA) and migraine without aura (MWoA) forms; in particular subtypes of migraine such as basilar-type migraine (BTM); and in the genetically driven autosomal dominant familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) forms. Cerebellar dysfunction in migraineurs varies largely in severity, and may be subclinical. Purkinje cells express calcium channels that are related to the pathophysiology of both inherited forms of migraine and primary ataxias, mostly spinal cerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA-6) and episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2). Genetically driven ion channels dysfunction leads to hyperexcitability in the brain and cerebellum, possibly facilitating spreading depression waves in both locations. This review focuses on the cerebellar involvement in migraine, the relevant ataxias and their association with this primary headache, and discusses some of the pathophysiological processes putatively underlying these diseases.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Cerebellum; Humans; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 17578530
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00715.x -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Dec 2015Dizziness caused by migraine, vestibular migraine (VM), has been highly debated over the last three decades. The co-morbidity of migraine and dizziness is higher than a... (Review)
Review
Dizziness caused by migraine, vestibular migraine (VM), has been highly debated over the last three decades. The co-morbidity of migraine and dizziness is higher than a random concurrence. One third of the patients with migraine and dizziness have VM. Recently, The International Headache Society approved VM as a diagnostic entity and the diagnostic criteria for VM appear in the appendix for The International Classification of Headache Disorders. VM is common but often underdiagnosed. Treatment follows migraine management guidelines although evidence is sparse.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Vertigo
PubMed: 26692036
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Migraine and sarcoidosis are two distinct medical conditions that may have some common biological and clinical pathways. Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease... (Review)
Review
Migraine and sarcoidosis are two distinct medical conditions that may have some common biological and clinical pathways. Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs, including the lungs, skin, cardiovascular system, lymph nodes, and brain. Migraine is a common comorbidity in sarcoidosis patients and a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. There have been several reports of individuals with neurosarcoidosis experiencing migraines, though the exact relationship between the two disorders is not well understood. Both conditions have been associated with inflammation and the activation of the immune system. In sarcoidosis, the formation of granulomas is thought to be an immune response to the presence of an unknown antigen. Similarly, the pain and other symptoms associated with migraines are thought to be caused by inflammation in the brain and the surrounding blood vessels. There is also evidence to suggest an interplay of environmental and genetic factors playing a role in both conditions, but evidence is inconsistent with the hypothesis of shared genetic susceptibility. This review aims to illustrate common clinical and biological pathways between migraine and sarcoidosis, including inflammation and dysregulation of the immune system, with a focus on the cumulative burden of concurrent disorders and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoidosis; Central Nervous System Diseases; Granuloma; Migraine Disorders; Inflammation
PubMed: 37176011
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098304 -
EBioMedicine Jan 2024Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide. A minority of individuals with migraine develop resistant or refractory conditions characterised by ≥ 8 monthly... (Review)
Review
Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide. A minority of individuals with migraine develop resistant or refractory conditions characterised by ≥ 8 monthly days of debilitating headaches and inadequate response, intolerance, or contraindication to ≥3 or all preventive drug classes, respectively. Resistant and refractory migraine are emerging clinical definitions stemming from better knowledge of the pathophysiology of migraine and from the advent of migraine-specific preventive treatments. Resistant migraine mostly results from drug failures, while refractory migraine has complex and still unknown mechanisms that impair the efficacy of preventive treatments. Individuals with resistant migraine can be treated with migraine-specific preventive drugs. The management of refractory migraine is challenging and often unsuccessful, being based on combinations of different drugs and non-pharmacological treatment. Future research should aim to identify individuals at risk of developing treatment failures, prevent the condition, investigate the mechanisms of refractoriness to treatments, and find effective treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Migraine Disorders; Headache; Treatment Outcome; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 38142636
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104943 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Apr 2024Many patients with migraine report their attacks are triggered by various weather anomalies. Studies have shown mixed results regarding the association of migraine to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Many patients with migraine report their attacks are triggered by various weather anomalies. Studies have shown mixed results regarding the association of migraine to weather changes. The purpose of the current review is to compile the most up-to-date research studies on how weather may affect migraine. In addition, we explore the association between weather and other inflammatory disease states as well as neurotransmitters.
RECENT FINDINGS
Migraine attacks can be related to weather variables such as barometric pressure, humidity, and wind. However, the results of recent studies are inconsistent; weathers' effect on migraine attacks is around 20%. However, very strong weather factors have a more significant effect on migraine attack variables. Many individuals identify weather as a migraine attack trigger, yet we see no causative relationship between weather and migraine patterns. The outcomes of studies indicate mixed results and reflect individual variation in how weather can impact migraine patterns. Similar relationships can be seen with other rheumatologic and pain conditions in general. Overall, the combination of weather plus other factors appears to be a more significant migraine trigger.
Topics: Humans; Weather; Migraine Disorders; Atmospheric Pressure
PubMed: 38358443
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01216-8 -
The Journal of Headache and Pain Aug 2019The term refractory migraine has been used to describe persistent headache that is difficult to treat or fails to respond to standard and/or aggressive treatments. This... (Review)
Review
The term refractory migraine has been used to describe persistent headache that is difficult to treat or fails to respond to standard and/or aggressive treatments. This subgroup of migraine patients are generally highly disabled and experience impaired quality of life, despite optimal treatments. Several definitions and criteria for refractory migraine have been published, but as yet, an accepted or established definition is not available. This article reviews the published criteria and proposes a new set of criteria. The epidemiology, pathophysiology and management options are also reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Migraine Disorders; Quality of Life
PubMed: 31443629
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-1040-x -
PeerJ 2024Activation of the trigeminal vascular system in migraine releases vasoactive neurotransmitters, causing abnormal vasoconstriction, which may affect the ocular system,...
BACKGROUND
Activation of the trigeminal vascular system in migraine releases vasoactive neurotransmitters, causing abnormal vasoconstriction, which may affect the ocular system, leading to retinal damage. The purpose of our study was to determine whether there are differences in each retinal layer between migraine patients and healthy subjects.
METHODS
A case-control study recruited 38 migraine patients and 38 age- and sex-matched controls. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the thickness of the peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL and mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and inner nuclear layer (INL).
RESULTS
The mean ages of the migraine patients and controls were 36.29 ± 9.45 and 36.45 ± 9.27 years, respectively. Thirty-four patients (89.48%) in both groups were female. The mean disability score was 19.63 ± 20.44 (indicating severe disability). The superior-outer INL of migraine patients were thicker than controls. Thickness of the GCL at temporal-outer sector and mRNFL at the superior-outer sector of the headache-side eyes was reduced. However, the INL of the headache-side-eye showed negative correlation with the disability score. This is the first study having found thinning of the GCL and mRNFL of the headache-side eyes. The INL was also thickened in migraines but showed negative correlation with the disability score.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased INL thickness in migraine patients may result from inflammation. The more severe cases with a high disability score might suffered progressive retinal neuronal loss, resulting in thinner INL than less severe cases.
Topics: Humans; Female; Migraine Disorders; Male; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Retina; Middle Aged; Retinal Ganglion Cells
PubMed: 38818459
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17454 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Oct 2014Similarities between laboratory animals and humans in anatomy and physiology of the cephalic nociceptive pathways have allowed scientists to create successful models... (Review)
Review
Similarities between laboratory animals and humans in anatomy and physiology of the cephalic nociceptive pathways have allowed scientists to create successful models that have significantly contributed to our understanding of headache. They have also been instrumental in the development of novel anti-migraine drugs different from classical pain killers. Nevertheless, modelling the mechanisms underlying primary headache disorders like migraine has been challenging due to limitations in testing the postulated hypotheses in humans. Recent developments in imaging techniques have begun to fill this translational gap. The unambiguous demonstration of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) during migraine aura in patients has reawakened interest in studying CSD in animals as a noxious brain event that can activate the trigeminovascular system. CSD-based models, including transgenics and optogenetics, may more realistically simulate pain generation in migraine, which is thought to originate within the brain. The realization that behavioural correlates of headache and migrainous symptoms like photophobia can be assessed quantitatively in laboratory animals, has created an opportunity to directly study the headache in intact animals without the confounding effects of anaesthetics. Headache and migraine-like episodes induced by administration of glyceryltrinitrate and CGRP to humans and parallel behavioural and biological changes observed in rodents create interesting possibilities for translational research. Not unexpectedly, species differences and model-specific observations have also led to controversies as well as disappointments in clinical trials, which, in return, has helped us improve the models and advance our understanding of headache. Here, we review commonly used headache and migraine models with an emphasis on recent developments.
Topics: Animals; Cell Degranulation; Disease Models, Animal; Headache; Humans; Mast Cells; Meningeal Arteries; Migraine Disorders; Neurogenic Inflammation; Neuropeptides; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 24611635
DOI: 10.1111/bph.12651 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2023