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Plant Physiology Nov 1991Resistance to the fungal plant pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 and to its host-selective toxin, HC-toxin, is determined by Hm, a single dominant gene in the host...
Resistance to the fungal plant pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 and to its host-selective toxin, HC-toxin, is determined by Hm, a single dominant gene in the host plant maize, (Zea mays L). Radiolabeled HC-toxin of specific activity 70 milliCuries per millimole, prepared by feeding tritiated d,l-alanine to the fungus, was used to study its fate in maize leaf tissues. HC-toxin was converted by resistant leaf segments to a single compound, identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance as the 8-hydroxy derivative of HC-toxin formed by reduction of the 8-keto group of 2-amino-9, 10-epoxy-8-oxo-decanoic acid, one of the amino acids in HC-toxin. Reduction of HC-toxin occurred in cell-free preparations from etiolated (Hm/hm) maize shoots, and the activity was sensitive to heat and proteolytic digestion, dependent on NADPH, and inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and disulfiram. The enzyme (from the Hm/hm genotype) was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and diethylaminoethyl-ion exchange chromatography. By gel filtration chromatography, the enzyme had a molecular weight of 42,000. NADH was approximately 30% as effective as NADPH as a hydride donor, and flavin-containing cofactors had no effect on activity. When HC-toxin was introduced to maize leaf segments through the transpiration stream, leaf segments from both resistant and susceptible maize inactivated toxin equally well over a time-course of 9 hours. Although these data suggest no relationship between toxin metabolism and host selectivity, we discuss findings in apparent conflict with the current data and describe why the relationship between enzymatic reduction of HC-toxin and Hm remains unresolved.
PubMed: 16668492
DOI: 10.1104/pp.97.3.1080 -
The Journal of General Physiology Sep 1923In this communication we have introduced a unit to express activity or power of a given preparation of radium emanation. We have named this unit the curie-power and...
In this communication we have introduced a unit to express activity or power of a given preparation of radium emanation. We have named this unit the curie-power and defined it as the activity of 1 curie of radium emanation and its radioactive products in equilibrium with it. We suggest the introduction of this unit in order that we may make a more comprehensive statement of our experimental observation. In the radiochemical reaction effected by the radiations (beta and gamma) from radium emanation in which enzymes are inactivated the chemical change in a given system is a function of the product of two variables; namely, the average activity of the radium emanation, P(a), expressed in terms of the unit millicurie-power, and time, t, expressed in hours. This product has the dimensions of energy and is identical with W which is measured in terms of the energy unit, millicurie-power hours.
PubMed: 19872051
DOI: 10.1085/jgp.6.1.7 -
Plant Physiology Feb 1984This study was conducted to examine protein synthesis and l-[(35)S] methionine incorporation into the endosperm of Zea mays L. kernels developing in vitro. Two-day-old...
This study was conducted to examine protein synthesis and l-[(35)S] methionine incorporation into the endosperm of Zea mays L. kernels developing in vitro. Two-day-old kernels of the inbred line W64A were placed in culture on a defined medium containing 10 microCuries l-[(35)S] methionine per milliliter (13 milliCuries per millimole) and harvested at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days after pollination. Cultured kernels attained a final endosperm mass of 120 milligrams compared to 175 milligrams for field-grown controls. Field and cultured kernels had similar concentrations (microgram per milligram endospern) for total protein, albumin plus globulin, zein, and glutelin fractions at most kernel ages.Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing patterns for endosperm proteins were similar for field and cultured kernels throughout development. By 15 days, over 70% of the l-[(35)S]methionine taken up was present in endosperm proteins. Label incorporation visualized by fluorography generally followed the protein intensity of the stained gels. The high methionine content, low molecular weight zeins (i.e. 15 and 9 kilodaltons) were highly labeled. All of the radioactivity in hydrolyzed zein samples was recovered in the methionine peak indicating minimal conversion to l-[(35)S]cysteine. The procedure described here is suitable for long term culture and labeling experiments in which continued kernel development is required.
PubMed: 16663428
DOI: 10.1104/pp.74.2.389 -
California Medicine Apr 1949Fifty patients with uncomplicated Graves' disease were treated with radioactive iodine (I(131)). Twenty-six patients who were followed for one year or longer are the...
Fifty patients with uncomplicated Graves' disease were treated with radioactive iodine (I(131)). Twenty-six patients who were followed for one year or longer are the basis of this report. Twenty-five are now euthyroid; only one is not completely well. The total dose of radioiodine administered varied from 0.5 to 10 millicuries. The average length of time necessary for return to a euthyroid state was from three to four months. Hypometabolism developed in three patients, and in one the signs and symptoms of myxedema developed. No other complications ensued. One patient who apparently relapsed had complete return to normal after further iodine administration. The determination of the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland is a useful diagnostic procedure in differentiating conditions simulating hyperthyroidism.Following treatment with radioactive iodine, the thyroid gland becomes smaller, the uptake of iodine by the gland is reduced, and the level of organic iodine in the plasma becomes normal. In acute thyroiditis, in spite of a high basal metabolic rate, high content of organic iodine in the plasma and other evidences of "hyperthyroidism," the uptake of I(131) has been very low.
Topics: Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Middle Aged; Myxedema; Thyroiditis
PubMed: 18116225
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Feb 2017In previous work, a single administration of anticarcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) I-labetuzumab radioimmunotherapy (RIT) after complete resection of colorectal liver...
Repeated adjuvant anti-CEA radioimmunotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases: Safety, feasibility, and long-term efficacy results of a prospective phase 2 study.
BACKGROUND
In previous work, a single administration of anticarcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) I-labetuzumab radioimmunotherapy (RIT) after complete resection of colorectal liver metastases was well tolerated and significantly improved survival compared with controls. In the current phase 2 trial, the authors studied repeated RIT in the same setting, examining safety, feasibility, and efficacy.
METHODS
Sixty-three patients (median age, 64.5 years) received RIT at 40 to 50 millicuries/m per dose. Before the receipt of RIT, restaging was performed with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission to confirm that patients were "truly adjuvant." Patients who had elevated serum CEA levels or radiographically inconclusive new lesions were classified as "possibly nonadjuvant," but they also received RIT. Time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and cause-specific survival (CSS) were calculated. The median follow-up was 54 months.
RESULTS
After the first course of RIT, 14 of 63 patients experienced National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 4 hematotoxicity; 19 patients did not receive the second course of RIT because of impaired performance status (N = 5) or relapse (N = 14). After the second course of RIT, 9 of 44 patients experienced National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 4 hematotoxicity. Five patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) from 22 to 55 months after their last RIT. The median TTP, OS, and CSS for all patients were 16, 55, and 60 months, respectively. The "truly adjuvant" patients (N = 39) had an improved median TTP (not reached vs 6.1 months; hazard ratio, 0.12; P < .001), OS (75.6 vs 33.4 months; hazard ratio, 0.44; P = .014), and CSS (not reached vs 41.4 months; hazard ratio,0.42; P = .014) compared with "possibly nonadjuvant" patients (N = 24).
CONCLUSIONS
Repeated RIT with I-labetuzumab is feasible but is associated with hematotoxicity. Survival is very encouraging, especially for "truly adjuvant" patients. However, the maximum safe dose of I-labetuzumab is a single administration of 50 millicuries/m . Cancer 2017;123:638-649. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Colorectal Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Radioimmunotherapy
PubMed: 27763687
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30390 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jan 1977Iodine-123-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are desirable because they give a high flux of 159-keV photons and a low radiation exposure per millicurie. Procedures suited to...
Iodine-123-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are desirable because they give a high flux of 159-keV photons and a low radiation exposure per millicurie. Procedures suited to a compact cyclotron were developed to produce 50-mCi batches of radiochemically pure iodine-123 as iodide. Iodine-123 is separated from proton-irradiated tellurium-124 by distillation. Aqueous iodide is readily obtained by reduction with thiosulfate. Anhydrous iodide is extracted from the distillate iwth methyl ethyl ketone. The procedures for isolating radiochemically pure iodide are trouble-free, convenient, and reliable. Iodine-123-labeled o-iodohippurate and 16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid prepared from our iodide are now being used in clinical trials.
Topics: Iodine Radioisotopes
PubMed: 830832
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jul 1991Sixteen patients with primary breast cancer were studied with a pancarcinoma monoclonal antibody B72.3, an IgG1 molecule directed against tumor-associated glycoprotein...
Sixteen patients with primary breast cancer were studied with a pancarcinoma monoclonal antibody B72.3, an IgG1 molecule directed against tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) present in several tumors. Five millicuries of 111In was used to label 0.2 mg (six patients), or 2 mg (six patients), or 20 mg using the site-directed bifunctional DTPA method (at carbohydrate moiety). Digital, planar, and SPECT images were obtained at 2, 48, 72 and 96 hr when possible. HAMA levels were obtained before the Mab infusion and at 1, 3, and 6 wk postinfusion. Fourteen of 14 known primary breast lesions were detected by imaging (100% sensitivity). Two fibrocystic lesions were negative. Seven of 14 patients had lymph node metastases by histologic methods, but all were missed by radioimmunoscintigraphy. Tumor uptake of Mab ranged 0.00054%-0.0038% of the ID/g. The tumor-to-normal breast tissue ratio was 4.3 +/- 0.91 (mean +/- s.e.m.). Lymph nodes localization of 111In-B72.3 by tissue analysis was similar for tumor-bearing and normal nodes (0.0039 +/- 0.0023 versus 0.0025 +/- 0.0019). Pharmacokinetics revealed mean plasma half-life of 33.3-41.2 hr for the different doses. There was no statistical difference between any of the pharmacokinetic parameters of different doses. HAMA was positive only in 17% of the patients. The study suggests that this antibody has 100% sensitivity for primary breast cancers, but very poor detection rate of metastatic lesions in axillary lymph nodes; thus making it of questionable value in the initial staging process of this disease.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Breast Neoplasms; Drug Evaluation; Female; Glycoproteins; Humans; Indium Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm Staging; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 2066785
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedical Reports Dec 2016Resin Yttrium-90 (Y90) microspheres have historically been infused using sterile water (HO). In 2013, recommendations expanded to allow delivery with 5% dextrose in...
Resin Yttrium-90 (Y90) microspheres have historically been infused using sterile water (HO). In 2013, recommendations expanded to allow delivery with 5% dextrose in water (DW). In this retrospective study, we hypothesized that DW would improve Y90 delivery with a lower incidence of stasis. We reviewed 190 resin Y90 infusions using HO (n=137) or DW (n=53). Y90 dosimetry was calculated using the body surface area method. Infusion was halted if intra-arterial stasis was fluoroscopically identified prior to clearing the vial. Differences between HO and DW groups were calculated for activity prescription, percentage of cases reaching stasis, and percentage delivery of prescribed activity using z- and t-test comparisons, with α=0.05. Thirty-one of 137 HO infusions developed stasis compared to 2 of 53 with DW (z=3.07, p=1.05E-03). DW also had a significantly higher prescribed activity than HO [28.2 millicuries (mCi) vs. 20.4 mCi, respectively; t=5.0, p=1.1E-6]. DW had a higher delivery percentage of the prescribed dose compared to HO (101.5 vs. 92.7%, respectively; t=3.8, p=1.92E-4). In conclusion, resin microsphere infusion utilizing DW has a significantly lower rate of stasis than HO and results in more complete dose delivery. DW is preferable to HO for resin microsphere infusion.
PubMed: 28105342
DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.799 -
Case Reports in Oncological Medicine 2015The abscopal effect is an extremely rare phenomenon occurring when irradiation or treatment of a primary tumor burden not only results in debulking of the targeted site...
The abscopal effect is an extremely rare phenomenon occurring when irradiation or treatment of a primary tumor burden not only results in debulking of the targeted site but also reduces tumor size at distant sites from the intended treatment area. We present the abscopal effect occurring in a patient with low-grade marginal zone lymphoma who subsequently received radioactive iodine therapy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. She was 67 years old when a routine complete blood count at her primary care physician's office yielded a persistent leukocytosis of 14,500/μL with lymphocytosis of 9,870/μL. Immunophenotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed low-grade marginal zone lymphoma. Over eight years, her peak leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were 24,100/μL and 18,100/μL, respectively. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma after presenting with a new complaint of dysphagia. A total thyroidectomy was performed, followed by 172.1 millicuries of oral I-131 sodium iodine radioactive ablation therapy. Following treatment, her leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were 3,100/μL and 1,100/μL, respectively. Over the next four years, her leukocyte and lymphocyte counts remained within normal limits and she remained symptom free. To our knowledge, there has never been a published report describing the use of radioactive iodine causing abscopal effect benefits for patients with underlying lymphoproliferative diseases.
PubMed: 25709847
DOI: 10.1155/2015/281729 -
BMC Cancer May 2015F-FDG PET/CT imaging is widely utilized in the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected or documented lymphoma. The aim was to describe our cumulative experience...
Feasibility of a multimodal (18)F-FDG-directed lymph node surgical excisional biopsy approach for appropriate diagnostic tissue sampling in patients with suspected lymphoma.
BACKGROUND
F-FDG PET/CT imaging is widely utilized in the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected or documented lymphoma. The aim was to describe our cumulative experience with a multimodal (18)F-FDG-directed lymph node surgical excisional biopsy approach in patients with suspected lymphoma.
METHODS
Thirteen patients (mean age 51 (± 16;22-76) years), with suspected new or suspected recurrent lymphoma suggested by (18)F-FDG-avid lesions seen on prior diagnostic whole-body PET/CT imaging, were injected IV with (18)F-FDG prior to undergoing same-day diagnostic lymph node surgical excisional biopsy in the operating room. Various (18)F-FDG detection strategies were used on the day of surgery, including, (1) same-day pre-resection patient PET/CT; (2) intraoperative gamma probe assessment; (3) clinical scanner specimen PET/CT imaging of whole surgically excised tissue specimens; (4) specimen gamma well counts; and/or (5) same-day post-resection patient PET/CT.
RESULTS
Same-day (18)F-FDG injection dose was 14.8 (± 2.4;12.5-20.6) millicuries or 548 (± 89;463-762) megabecquerels. Sites of (18)F-FDG-avid lesions were 4 inguinal, 3 cervical, 3 abdominal/retroperitoneal, 2 axillary, and 1 gluteal region subcutaneous tissue. Same-day pre-resection patient PET/CT was performed on 6 patients. Intraoperative gamma probe assessment was performed on 13 patients. Clinical scanner PET/CT imaging of whole surgically excised tissue specimens was performed in 10 cases. Specimen gamma well counts were performed in 6 cases. Same-day post-resection patient PET/CT imaging was performed on 8 patients. Time from (18)F-FDG injection to same-day pre-resection patient PET/CT, intraoperative gamma probe assessment, and same-day post-resection patient PET/CT were 76 (± 8;64-84), 240 (± 63;168-304), and 487 (± 104;331-599) minutes, respectively. Time from (18)F-FDG injection to clinical scanner PET/CT of whole surgically excised tissue specimens was 363 (± 60;272-446) minutes. Time from (18)F-FDG injection to specimen gamma well counts was 591 (± 96;420-689) minutes. Intraoperative gamma probe assessment successfully identified (18)F-FDG-avid lesions in 12/13 patients. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed lymphoma in 12/13 patients and benign disease in 1/13 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
A multimodal approach to (18)F-FDG-directed lymph node surgical excisional biopsy for suspected lymphoma is technically feasible for guiding appropriate diagnostic tissue sampling of lymph nodes seen as (18)F-FDG-avid lesions on diagnostic (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Feasibility Studies; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Retrospective Studies; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 25953144
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1381-z