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Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Aug 2015
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 26273085
DOI: No ID Found -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Apr 2023Prolonged morning stiffness (>60 min) is considered a symptom of inflammatory arthritis, but has a poor discriminative ability. Knowledge about morning stiffness in...
OBJECTIVE
Prolonged morning stiffness (>60 min) is considered a symptom of inflammatory arthritis, but has a poor discriminative ability. Knowledge about morning stiffness in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) is lacking. We therefore studied morning stiffness in patients with hand OA.
DESIGN
Patients with primary hand OA according to their treating rheumatologist in the Hand OSTeoArthritis in Secondary care (HOSTAS) cohort were studied. Severity of morning stiffness was examined with Australian/Canadian hand OA index (AUSCAN) and presence and duration of morning stiffness were examined with a standardized questionnaire. Association of patient and disease characteristics with prolonged morning stiffness (>60 min) were analyzed with logistic regression.
RESULTS
In total 519 of 538 patients had available data about duration of morning stiffness, of whom 89 (17%) had prolonged morning stiffness. Severity of stiffness was mild in 158 of 525 (30%), intermediate in 194 (37%), severe in 97 (18%) and extreme in 19 (4%) patients. Patients with prolonged morning stiffness reported more pain, worse physical function and had a reduced mental and physical quality of life. Patients with prolonged morning stiffness also had more severe radiographic disease, although the association did not reach statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged and severe morning stiffness are frequently present in patients with hand OA. Patients with these symptoms report more pain in general and have a lower quality of life than patients that do not report these symptoms. Prolonged morning stiffness does not preclude a diagnosis of hand OA.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Australia; Canada; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Hand
PubMed: 36403716
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.022 -
PloS One 2015Post-exercise hypotension (PEH), calculated by the difference between post and pre-exercise values, it is greater after exercise performed in the evening than the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Post-exercise hypotension (PEH), calculated by the difference between post and pre-exercise values, it is greater after exercise performed in the evening than the morning. However, the hypotensive effect of morning exercise may be masked by the morning circadian increase in blood pressure. This study investigated PEH and its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms after sessions of aerobic exercise performed in the morning and evening, controlling for responses observed after control sessions performed at the same times of day. Sixteen pre-hypertensive men underwent four sessions (random order): two conducted in the morning (7:30 am) and two in the evening (5 pm). At each time of day, subjects underwent an exercise (cycling, 45 min, 50%VO2peak) and a control (sitting rest) session. Measurements were taken pre- and post-interventions in all the sessions. The net effects of exercise were calculated for each time of day by [(post-pre exercise)-(post-pre control)] and were compared by paired t-test (P<0.05). Exercise hypotensive net effects (e.g., decreasing systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure) occurred at both times of day, but systolic blood pressure reductions were greater after morning exercise (-7±3 vs. -3±4 mmHg, P<0.05). Exercise decreased cardiac output only in the morning (-460±771 ml/min, P<0.05), while it decreased stroke volume similarly at both times of day and increased heart rate less in the morning than in the evening (+7±5 vs. +10±5 bpm, P<0.05). Only evening exercise increased sympathovagal balance (+1.5±1.6, P<0.05) and calf blood flow responses to reactive hyperemia (+120±179 vs. -70±188 U, P<0.05). In conclusion, PEH occurs after exercise conducted at both times of day, but the systolic hypotensive effect is greater after morning exercise when circadian variations are considered. This greater effect is accompanied by a reduction of cardiac output due to a smaller increase in heart rate and cardiac sympathovagal balance.
Topics: Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Cross-Over Studies; Exercise; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Post-Exercise Hypotension; Regional Blood Flow; Time Factors
PubMed: 26186444
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132458 -
Chronobiology International 2016This cross-sectional population study examined associations of sleep duration and morning-evening type with sociodemographic and cardiometabolic disease in adults...
This cross-sectional population study examined associations of sleep duration and morning-evening type with sociodemographic and cardiometabolic disease in adults participating in the UK Biobank study (N = 439 933). Multivariable Poisson regression models of sleep duration and morning-evening type with a robust error variance were generated to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. All models were adjusted for sex, race, college attendance, employment status and age. Twenty five percent of the sample reported short sleep; 27% were morning, 64% intermediate and 9% evening type. Black ethnicity emerged as most strongly associated with sleep behavior. Short sleep was twice as prevalent, and morning versus intermediate type was 1.4 times more prevalent in Black than White participants. The greater prevalence of short sleep and morning type among Blacks suggests that sleep-based approaches to improving cardiometabolic outcomes may require a more multidimensional approach that encompasses adequate sleep and circadian alignment in this population.
Topics: Age Factors; Circadian Rhythm; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Wakefulness
PubMed: 26654569
DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1107729 -
Journal of Otology Oct 2022Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks.
BACKGROUND
Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks.
OBJECTIVE
The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal changes in scores obtained for the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel paradigm by young adults with normal hearing sensitivity.
METHOD
Based on the 'Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire' given by Horne & Ostberg, the subjects were divided into moderately-morning, intermediate and moderately-evening categories. The Dichotic Consonant-Vowel tests were performed during morning and evening, and the right ear, left ear and double correct scores were compared between morning and evening for each category.
RESULTS
There was significant diurnal changes noted for moderately morning and evening categories, where morning-type individuals performed better during morning and evening-type individuals performed better during the evening. The scores of intermediate individuals remained unchanged between morning and evening test results.
CONCLUSION
Diurnal change is a phenomenon associated with an individual's biological clock mechanism. Hence, attention and inhibitory controls aid them in carrying out tasks that require sufficient physical and mental efforts. The current study suggests that clinicians and researchers consider diurnal changes as an extraneous variable that could affect the reliability of the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel test results.
PubMed: 36249927
DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2022.06.003 -
Infant Behavior & Development Nov 2021In infancy, sleep occurs in multiple nap and overnight bouts that change developmentally in quantity and distribution. Though studies suggest that infant memory benefits...
In infancy, sleep occurs in multiple nap and overnight bouts that change developmentally in quantity and distribution. Though studies suggest that infant memory benefits from a single nap, no work has assessed the relative benefits of different naps (morning vs. afternoon), nor how multiple naps support memory across the day. We investigated the memory benefit of a morning nap, relative to morning wake, and the effect of these intervals on afternoon nap function in 9-month-olds (n = 15). Infants participated in two within-subjects conditions (separated by 1-2 weeks). In the Nap-Nap condition, infants took their morning and afternoon naps; in the Wake-Nap condition, infants were kept awake during morning naptime, but napped unrestricted in the afternoon. Before each nap/wake interval, infants completed an imitation memory task, with memory assessed again shortly after the nap/wake interval. In the Nap-Nap condition, infants showed memory retention across morning and afternoon naps. In contrast, infants tended to forget items learned across morning wake in the Wake-Nap condition. Moreover, morning wake was associated with a significant decline in post-nap retention of items learned in the afternoon. Furthermore, relations between nap slow-wave activity (SWA) and memory varied across naps, with SWA either not predicting (morning naps) or positively predicting (afternoon naps) memory change in the Nap-Nap condition, but negatively predicting afternoon memory change in the Wake-Nap condition. We conclude that two naps per day (rather than one) aids memory at 9 months, and that skipping the morning nap may moderate relations between afternoon nap physiology and memory.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Learning; Memory; Pilot Projects; Sleep; Wakefulness
PubMed: 34530287
DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101647 -
Addictive Behaviors Sep 2022To examine the effects of sleep duration on next-day alcohol and cannabis craving and use among young adults.
STUDY OBJECTIVES
To examine the effects of sleep duration on next-day alcohol and cannabis craving and use among young adults.
METHOD
A community sample of young adults who reported recent simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use at screening (N = 409; M = 21.61; 50.9% female) completed twice daily surveys (morning and afternoon) for five 14-day sampling bursts (i.e., 70 days total). Daily measurements included sleep duration, alcohol and cannabis craving, and alcohol and cannabis use (i.e., number of drinks, hours high). Multilevel models enabled examining associations between sleep duration and substance use/craving at three distinct levels: daily-level, burst-level, and person-level.
RESULTS
At the day-level, sleep duration was inversely associated with craving for both alcohol and cannabis: Stronger craving was reported on mornings and afternoons after relatively shorter sleep duration. At the burst-level, sleep duration was inversely associated with morning and afternoon alcohol craving indicating stronger alcohol craving, but not cannabis craving, during two-week periods when young adults have accumulated shorter sleep duration. Pertaining to alcohol and cannabis use, no daily-level effects were found, but the burst-level effect showed that participants engaged in greater alcohol use during two-week bursts with shorter sleep duration.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on a non-clinical sample of young adults reporting substance use, results suggest shorter sleep duration may be a modifiable risk factor as it pertains to substance use and cravings. Results highlight day-level effects of shorter sleep duration on substance use cravings and adverse effects of cumulative sleep deficit on alcohol use.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Analgesics; Cannabis; Craving; Ethanol; Female; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 35584555
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107367 -
Ecology and Evolution May 2022Localizing wildlife contributes in multiple ways to species conservation. Data on animal locations can reveal elements of social behavior, habitat use, population...
Localizing wildlife contributes in multiple ways to species conservation. Data on animal locations can reveal elements of social behavior, habitat use, population dynamics, and be useful in calculating population density. Acoustic localization systems (ALS) are a non-invasive method widely used in the marine sciences but not well established and rarely employed for terrestrial species.We deployed an acoustic array in a mountainous environment with heterogeneous vegetation, comprised of four custom-built GPS synchronized acoustic sensors at about 500 m intervals in Issa Valley, western Tanzania, covering an area of nearly 2 km. Our goal was to assess the precision and error of the estimated locations by conducting playback tests, but also by comparing the estimated locations of wild chimpanzee calls with their true locations obtained in parallel during follows of individual chimpanzees. We assessed the factors influencing localization error, such as wind speed and temperature, which fluctuate during the day and are known to affect sound transmission.We localized 282 playback sounds and found that the mean localization error was 27 ± 21.8 m. Localization was less prone to error and more precise during early mornings (6:30 h) compared to other periods. We further localized 22 wild chimpanzee loud calls within 52 m of the location of a researcher closely following the calling individuals.We demonstrate that acoustic localization is a powerful tool for chimpanzee monitoring, with multiple behavioral and conservation applications. Its applicability in studying social dynamics and revealing density estimation among many others, especially but not exclusively for loud calling species, provides an efficient way of monitoring populations and informing conservation plans to mediate species loss.
PubMed: 35571760
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8902 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2020Increased sedentary behavior (SB) can adversely affect health. Understanding time-dependent patterns of SB and its correlates can inform targeted approaches for...
Increased sedentary behavior (SB) can adversely affect health. Understanding time-dependent patterns of SB and its correlates can inform targeted approaches for prevention. This study examined diurnal patterns of SB and its sociodemographic associations among Japanese workers. The proportion of sedentary time (% of wear time) and the number of breaks in SB (times/sedentary hour) of 405 workers (aged 40-64 years) were assessed using an accelerometer. SB patterns and sociodemographic associations between each time period (morning, afternoon, evening) on workdays and nonworkdays were examined in a series of multivariate regression analyses, adjusting for other sociodemographic associations. On both workdays and nonworkdays, the proportion of sedentary time was lowest in the morning and increased towards evening ( = 12.95, 95% CI: 11.28 to 14.62; 14.31, 95% CI: 12.73 to 15.88), with opposite trend for breaks. Being male was consistently correlated with SB. Other sociodemographic correlates differed depending on time-of-day and day-of-the-week. For instance, desk-based workstyles and urban residential area were associated with SB during workday mornings and afternoons, being single was related to mornings and evenings, workdays and nonworkdays. Initiatives to address SB should focus not only on work-related but time-of-day contexts, especially for at-risk subgroups during each period.
Topics: Accelerometry; Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Epidemiologic Studies; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 32471293
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113814 -
International Journal of Chronic... 2015Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit poor sleep quality and consider morning as the worst time of day for their symptoms. While work has...
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit poor sleep quality and consider morning as the worst time of day for their symptoms. While work has been done to characterize nighttime (NT) and early morning (EM) symptoms in various populations, the impact and factors associated with NT/EM symptoms among patients with COPD in the United States is not well understood. Commercially insured patients aged ≥40 years with one or more medical claim for COPD and one or more pharmacy claim for COPD maintenance medication were identified from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database between September 1, 2010 and August 31, 2011. Consenting respondents were asked whether they had COPD symptoms on at least three nights or at least three mornings during the past week. Respondents were then either assigned to one of three symptom groups to complete the survey or excluded if their predefined group quota limit had been met. Survey completers completed the survey with questions about COPD symptoms and other commonly used patient-reported outcome measures. Respondents with NT/EM symptoms were asked about the frequency, severity, and impact of the symptoms on sleep, morning activities, and anxiety levels. Among respondents with symptoms, 73.1% of respondents with NT symptoms (N=376) and 83% of respondents with EM symptoms (N=506) experienced at least three distinct types of symptoms over the past week, with cough being the most frequently reported symptom. Approximately half of respondents with NT or EM symptoms perceived their symptoms as moderate to very severe, with a majority reporting their symptoms affected their NT sleep and morning activities, and more than half felt anxious due to their symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression showed COPD patients with both or either NT/EM symptoms were associated with poorer health status compared to those without. Improved disease management may reduce NT/EM symptoms and improve health status in patients with COPD.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Anxiety; Chi-Square Distribution; Circadian Rhythm; Cough; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Status; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors
PubMed: 25844033
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S76157