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Clinical & Experimental Optometry Sep 2020Mucocele of the paranasal sinuses is a slowly expanding benign lesion developing when there is impeded physiological drainage of the mucous produced by the epithelial... (Review)
Review
Mucocele of the paranasal sinuses is a slowly expanding benign lesion developing when there is impeded physiological drainage of the mucous produced by the epithelial lining of the paranasal sinuses, at the sinus ostium, which is an opening that connects the sinus to the nasal cavity. Aetiologies of ostial occlusion include infection, allergy, trauma, previous surgery, benign neoplasm (osteoma or fibrous dysplasia), and malignant or metastatic tumours. Mucoceles commonly develop in the frontal sinus (70-80 per cent), followed by the ethmoid (25 per cent), frontoethmoidal (10-14 per cent), and maxillary (three per cent or less) sinuses. The most common manifestations in these cases are ocular oedema, proptosis (22-83 per cent), and diplopia (28 per cent). Due to these ocular signs and symptoms, the optometrist may be first in line managing paranasal sinus disease patients, reducing the risk of permanent damage. A case report and review of frontoethmoidal mucocele will be discussed in this report, to include the role of the optometrist in its management and treatment.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diplopia; Ethmoid Sinus; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Mucocele; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31773805
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13006 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022
Topics: Humans; Mucocele; Appendix; Appendectomy; Intestinal Diseases; Cecal Diseases; Appendiceal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36762160
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.123.33175 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Dec 2023Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is one of the most common gallbladder diseases in dogs. Its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified, but excessive accumulation of a secretory...
Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is one of the most common gallbladder diseases in dogs. Its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified, but excessive accumulation of a secretory gel-forming mucin, MUC5AC in the gallbladder has been reported. This study aimed to ascertain if MUC5AC overproduction resulted in mucus accumulation in the gallbladder during GBM development. Eleven dogs undergoing cholecystectomy who were pathologically diagnosed with GBM were included, and the expression level of mucins, particularly MUC5AC and MUC5B, in their gallbladder epithelial cells was compared with those in normal gallbladder epithelial cells. On reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction screening, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the mRNA expression level of MUC1, but not of other mucins including MUC5AC and MUC5B, between mucocele and normal gallbladder epithelial cells. Protein expression levels were also evaluated for MUC5AC and MUC5B using immunohistochemistry. There was little immunoreactivity for MUC5AC, whereas MUC5B showed definitive staining in gallbladder epithelial cells. There was no difference in MUC5AC and MUC5B protein expression levels between mucocele and normal gallbladder epithelial cells. These data suggest that excessive production of mucin, especially MUC5AC and MUC5B, does not occur in canine GBM, and that abnormal mucus excretion, rather than excessive mucus production, may be the cause of GBM development.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Mucocele; Epithelial Cells; Gallbladder Diseases; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37899236
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0174 -
The Permanente Journal Jun 2022Nasal septal mucoceles are a rare occurance, and reports in the current literature are limited. We describe the case of a 73-year-old woman who developed a nasal septal... (Review)
Review
Nasal septal mucoceles are a rare occurance, and reports in the current literature are limited. We describe the case of a 73-year-old woman who developed a nasal septal mucocele several days after an episode of angioedema. The lesion was treated with 2 rounds of needle aspiration with antibiotics and the application of silastic splints. There was no recurrence after 1 month, though the patient developed a saddle nose deformity. She ultimately underwent reconstruction with a diced-cartilage dorsal augmentation graft with fibrin glue. We review the learning points of this case and summarize existing literature on this disease.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Mucocele; Nasal Septum; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Rhinoplasty
PubMed: 35933670
DOI: 10.7812/TPP/21.128 -
PloS One 2023To date studies have not investigated the culture-independent microbiome of bile from dogs, a species where aseptic collection of bile under ultrasound guidance is...
To date studies have not investigated the culture-independent microbiome of bile from dogs, a species where aseptic collection of bile under ultrasound guidance is somewhat routine. Despite frequent collection of bile for culture-based diagnosis of bacterial cholecystitis, it is unknown whether bile from healthy dogs harbors uncultivable bacteria or a core microbiota. The answer to this question is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of biliary infection and as a baseline to exploration of other biliary diseases in dogs where uncultivable bacteria could play a pathogenic role. A pressing example of such a disease would be gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs. This prevalent and deadly condition is characterized by excessive secretion of abnormal mucus by the gallbladder epithelium that can eventually lead to rupture of the gallbladder or obstruction of bile flow. The cause of mucocele formation is unknown as is whether uncultivable, and therefore unrecognized, bacteria play any systematic role in pathogenesis. In this study we applied next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the culture-negative bacterial community of gallbladder bile from healthy dogs and gallbladder mucus from dogs with mucocele formation. Integral to our study was the use of 2 separate DNA isolations on each sample using different extraction methods and sequencing of negative control samples enabling recognition and curation of contaminating sequences. Microbiota findings were validated by simultaneous culture-based identification, cytological examination of bile, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) performed on gallbladder mucosa. Using culture-dependent, cytological, FISH, and 16S rRNA sequencing approaches, results of our study do not support existence of a core microbiome in the bile of healthy dogs or gallbladder mucus from dogs with mucocele formation. Our findings further document how contaminating sequences can significantly contribute to the results of sequencing analysis when performed on samples with low bacterial biomass.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Gallbladder; Mucocele; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bile; Gallbladder Diseases; Microbiota; Bile Duct Diseases; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 36763596
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281432 -
Ophthalmologica. Journal International... 1975
Topics: Eye Diseases; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Mucocele; Orbit
PubMed: 1124200
DOI: 10.1159/000307435 -
BMC Surgery Feb 2021At present, the term mucocele is outdated, and mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is preferred. Mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is an uncommon pathology that occurs... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
At present, the term mucocele is outdated, and mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is preferred. Mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is an uncommon pathology that occurs predominantly in middle-aged women. Its classification and management have been the subject of debate in recent decades. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, clinical management and survival of these tumours diagnosed in our centre in the last 10 years.
METHODS
This was a retrospective observational study of patients with a diagnosis of appendiceal neoplasms between 2009 and 2018 in our centre. Variables such as sex, age, tumour type, clinical status, diagnosis, treatment and survival were collected. All data were analysed using the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistic® version 25.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine patients with a diagnosis of appendiceal neoplasm were identified, and 24 corresponded to neoplastic appendiceal mucinous lesions (85.7%). The average age was 59.7 ± 17.6 years. Most patients were women (15 cases; 62.5%). Most of them presented with chronic abdominal pain (37.5%), and the diagnosis was performed by computed tomography (CT) (50%). The treatment was surgical in all cases. The surgical technique depended on the findings and histology of the tumour.
CONCLUSION
Mucinous appendiceal neoplasms are an uncommon entity, and their pathological classification and management have recently changed.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Appendiceal Neoplasms; Appendix; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mucocele; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33573654
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01091-9 -
Neurologia Medico-chirurgica Apr 2004Two young adult males presented with paranasal sinus osteoma associated with mucocele. A 20-year-old man presented with headache and seizure, and another 20-year-old man... (Review)
Review
Two young adult males presented with paranasal sinus osteoma associated with mucocele. A 20-year-old man presented with headache and seizure, and another 20-year-old man presented with headache, frontal deformity, and visual disturbances. Both patients underwent surgery and satisfactory results were obtained. Isolated paranasal sinus osteomas are benign and slow-growing tumors, but may become more aggressive in association with mucoceles. The higher aggressiveness of the lesions may be due to the presence of the mucocele. Calcification and ossification of the mucocele probably contributes to the unexpected enlargement of the osteoma.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mucocele; Osteoma; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15185760
DOI: 10.2176/nmc.44.201 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Nov 2017Objective Paranasal sinus mucoceles are benign cystic lesions originating from sinus mucosa that can impinge on adjacent orbital structures, causing ophthalmic sequelae... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Objective Paranasal sinus mucoceles are benign cystic lesions originating from sinus mucosa that can impinge on adjacent orbital structures, causing ophthalmic sequelae such as decreased visual acuity. Definitive treatment requires surgery. We present the first meta-analysis quantifying the effect of preoperative visual function and time to surgery on postoperative visual acuity outcomes. Data Sources PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Methods Two independent authors systematically reviewed articles describing outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery for paranasal sinus mucoceles presenting with visual loss. Available data from case reports and series were combined to analyze the associations among preoperative visual acuity, time to surgery, and postoperative outcomes. Results Eighty-five studies were included that provided data on 207 patients. The average presenting visual acuity was 1.57 logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), and the average postoperative visual acuity was 0.21 logMAR, with visual improvement in 71.5% of cases. Preoperative visual acuity ≥1.52 logMAR correlated with postoperative improvement >1 logMAR ( R = 0.4887, P < .0001). A correlation was found between a time to surgery <6 days and postoperative improvement ( R = 0.297, P < .0001). Receiver operator curve analysis of these thresholds demonstrated a moderately accurate prognostic ability (area under the curve: 75.1 for preoperative visual acuity and 73.1 for time to surgery). Conclusion Visual loss resulting from paranasal sinus mucoceles is potentially reversible in most cases, even those presenting with poor vision. When possible, surgery should be performed promptly after diagnosis, but emergency surgery does not appear to be necessary for vision restoration.
Topics: Decompression, Surgical; Endoscopy; Humans; Mucocele; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Vision Disorders; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 28695766
DOI: 10.1177/0194599817717674 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2023The pathogenesis of gallbladder (GB) mucoceles in dogs is unknown. It has been proposed that hyperlipidemia could impair GB motility and contribute to GB mucocele...
BACKGROUND
The pathogenesis of gallbladder (GB) mucoceles in dogs is unknown. It has been proposed that hyperlipidemia could impair GB motility and contribute to GB mucocele formation.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to compare GB motility in dogs with hyperlipidemia to control dogs using ultrasonography. We hypothesized that hyperlipidemic dogs will have decreased GB motility compared with controls.
ANIMALS
Twenty-six hyperlipidemic and 28 healthy, age-matched control dogs were prospectively enrolled.
METHODS
Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in all dogs. Hyperlipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia (>332 mg/dL) and/or hypertriglyceridemia (>143 mg/dL) using a biochemical analyzer. Ultrasound was performed before feeding, and 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion of a high fat diet. Gallbladder volumes (GBV) and ejection fractions (EF) were calculated.
RESULTS
Hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBVs (ml/kg) before feeding and 60 minutes after feeding of 1.2 (0.4-7.5; P = .008) and 0.6 (0.1-7.2; P = .04) compared with controls 0.6 (0.2-2.6) and 0.4 (0.1-1.9), respectively. Severely hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBV at baseline, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes of 1.7 (0.6-7.5; P = .03), 1.3 (0.4-7.2; P = .02), and 1.3 (0.2-8.2; P = .04), respectively compared with mildly hyperlipidemic dogs. EFs at 60 and 120 minutes between controls, hyperlipidemic, and severely hyperlipidemic were all 0.3 at 60 minutes and 0.5, 0.3, and 0.3 at 120 minutes, respectively which were not statistically different.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Hyperlipidemia leads to GB distention in dogs which could lead to retention of bile and gallbladder disease.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Hyperlipidemias; Bile; Gallbladder Diseases; Ultrasonography; Mucocele; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37199599
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16713