-
Journal of the American Veterinary... Apr 2018
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Corneal Ulcer; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Entropion; Fatal Outcome; Male; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Orbital Neoplasms
PubMed: 29595387
DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.8.937 -
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology Dec 2018Myofibroblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumour arising from the stromal elements of the breast tissue. Histopathological variants such as classic, cellular,...
INTRODUCTION
Myofibroblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumour arising from the stromal elements of the breast tissue. Histopathological variants such as classic, cellular, collagenous / fibrous, lipomatous, infiltrative, myxoid and epithelioid have been identified. Most myofibroblastomas are immunoreactive for CD34, actin, CD10 and desmin, usually express oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and variably express androgen receptor (AR).
CASE REPORT
We report a case of myofibroblastoma in an octogenarian male presenting with painless solitary breast lump. Mammography (digital tomosynthesis) and ultrasound showed a well-circumscribed hyperdense mass and hypoechoic, solid, oval mass with peripheral vascularity respectively. Patient underwent wide local excision.
DISCUSSION
Diverse characteristics of myofibroblastoma on imaging necessitates histopathological analysis for an accurate diagnosis. Myofibroblastoma are often confused with fibroadenomas due to the benign imaging characteristics and with malignant neoplasia due to their wide morphological spectrum. Surgical excision is considered curative.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Male; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30580368
DOI: No ID Found -
Polish Journal of Pathology : Official... 2018The last 25 years have brought significant progress in the treatment of sarcomas in children, especially rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Nevertheless, treatment failure in some... (Review)
Review
The last 25 years have brought significant progress in the treatment of sarcomas in children, especially rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Nevertheless, treatment failure in some patients results from considerable biological heterogeneity noted in these tumours. RMS, the most common malignant soft tissue neoplasm in children, includes two main subtypes: embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS). Due to greater aggressiveness and worse prognosis of ARMS in comparison to ERMS, discrimination between different rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes is of crucial clinical importance. This paper presents the current histological classification of RMS, up-to-date immunohistochemical and biological research regarding RMS, and its associated clinical and prognostic significance.
Topics: Age of Onset; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Neoplasm Staging; Predictive Value of Tests; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 29895123
DOI: 10.5114/pjp.2018.75333 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2015Rhabdomyosarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma that frequently affects children and adolescents and may involve the head and neck. Rhabdomyosarcoma is... (Review)
Review
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma that frequently affects children and adolescents and may involve the head and neck. Rhabdomyosarcoma is defined by skeletal muscle differentiation which can be suggested by routine histology and confirmed by immunohistochemistry for the skeletal muscle-specific markers myogenin or myoD1. At the same time, it must be remembered that when it comes to head and neck malignancies, skeletal muscle differentiation is not limited to rhabdomyosarcoma. A lack of awareness of this phenomenon could lead to misdiagnosis and, subsequently, inappropriate therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on malignant neoplasms of the head and neck other than rhabdomyosarcoma that may exhibit rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, with an emphasis on strategies to resolve the diagnostic dilemmas these tumors may present. Axiomatically, no primary central nervous system tumors will be discussed.
Topics: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Rhabdomyosarcoma
PubMed: 25757816
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-015-0624-2 -
Veterinary Pathology Mar 2022Canine smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) commonly develop in the alimentary and female genital tracts and less frequently in soft tissue. The definition of histological...
Canine smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) commonly develop in the alimentary and female genital tracts and less frequently in soft tissue. The definition of histological criteria of malignancy is less detailed for SMTs in dogs than in humans. This study evaluated the clinicopathologic features of canine SMTs and compared the veterinary and human medical criteria of malignancy. A total of 105 canine SMTs were evaluated histologically and classified according to both veterinary and human criteria. The Ki67 labeling index was assessed in all SMTs. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression was evaluated for soft tissue SMTs. Follow-up data were available in 25 cases. SMTs were diagnosed in the female genital tract (42%), alimentary tract (22%), and soft tissue (20%). Soft tissue SMTs frequently arose in the perigenital area, pelvic cavity, and retroperitoneum. A subset of soft tissue SMTs expressed ER and/or PR, resembling the gynecologic type of soft tissue SMT in humans. SMTs were less frequently malignant when assessed with human criteria than with veterinary criteria, better reflecting their benign behavior, especially in the genital tract where human criteria tolerate a higher mitotic count for leiomyoma. Decreased differentiation was correlated with increased proliferation, necrosis, and reduced desmin expression. Mitotic count, Ki67 labeling index, and necrosis were correlated with metastases and tumor-related death. Further prognostic studies are warranted to confirm the better performance of the human criteria when assessing SMT malignancy, especially genital cases, to confirm their usefulness in ER/PR-expressing soft tissue SMTs, and to better define the most useful prognostic parameters for canine SMTs.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Ki-67 Antigen; Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma; Male; Muscle, Smooth; Necrosis; Smooth Muscle Tumor
PubMed: 34955045
DOI: 10.1177/03009858211066862 -
Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2020Skeletal muscle tumors are classified into rhabdomyoma and embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma according to WHO classifications... (Review)
Review
Skeletal muscle tumors are classified into rhabdomyoma and embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma according to WHO classifications of tumors. These tumors arise mostly in the head and neck and, in childhood, represent the largest subset of soft tissue tumors. Although these skeletal muscle tumors show common immunoexpression of two myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD1 and myogenin, their molecular biological backgrounds are quite different. Therefore, treatment regimens vary a great deal depending on the histological subtype. Histopathologically, rhabdomyoma is characterized by well-demarcated lesions with no invasion of the surrounding tissue. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is composed of primitive mesenchymal cells in various stages of myogenesis and shows heterogeneous nuclear staining for myogenin. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, on the other hand, shows a proliferation of uniform primitive round cells arranged in alveolar patterns. The tumor cells at the periphery of alveolar structures adhere in a single layer to the fibrous septa. Diffuse and strong nuclear immunoexpression for myogenin is observed. In genetic backgrounds, almost all alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas contain a characteristic fusion gene such as PAX3/7-FOXO1. Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is characterized by fascicularly arranged spindle-shaped cells or dense hyalinized collagenous matrix. NCOR2- or VGLL2-related gene fusions or MYOD1 (p.L122R) mutation is commonly recognized. Epithelioid rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma that shows a proliferation of epithelioid tumor cells having large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and amphophilic to eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in sheets. As these characteristic histological and molecular features are present in each subtype, it is possible to diagnose skeletal muscle tumors accurately.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 31950473
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01113-2 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Nov 2022Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential is a subtype of uterine smooth muscle neoplasms. It is characterized by distinct pathologic findings with... (Review)
Review
Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential is a subtype of uterine smooth muscle neoplasms. It is characterized by distinct pathologic findings with morphologic features intermediate between those of benign leiomyoma and malignant leiomyosarcoma. Clinically, STUMP is rare and its clinical picture is comparable to that of leiomyoma, with diagnosis typically being made postoperatively. Most patients with STUMP are uneventful after tumor resection. However, a small portion of patients may experience recurrence that may even lead to mortality. Given the uncommon occurrence of STUMP and the low frequency of malignant potential, currently there is still no standard guideline in treating patients with this disease and this can be challenging for physicians. Moreover, because cases are rarely available for study, investigating this tumor is difficult. Thus, matters such as the pathologic diagnostic criteria, strategy of clinical management, identification of prognostic factors, and the pathogenesis of this disease remain to be clarified. We collected and analyzed recently published case series studies of STUMP to obtain up-to-date clinical information. The current status of research in various basic and clinical aspects of this tumor was also reviewed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Smooth Muscle Tumor; Uterine Neoplasms; Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma; Uterus
PubMed: 36427995
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.08.003 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Nov 2014Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents a rare, heterogeneous group of mesodermal malignancies with skeletal muscle differentiation. One major subgroup of RMS tumors... (Review)
Review
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents a rare, heterogeneous group of mesodermal malignancies with skeletal muscle differentiation. One major subgroup of RMS tumors (so-called "fusion-positive" tumors) carries exclusive chromosomal translocations that join the DNA-binding domain of the PAX3 or PAX7 gene to the transactivation domain of the FOXO1 (previously known as FKHR) gene. Fusion-negative RMS represents a heterogeneous spectrum of tumors with frequent RAS pathway activation. Overtly metastatic disease at diagnosis is more frequently found in individuals with fusion-positive than in those with fusion-negative tumors. RMS is the most common pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma, and approximately 60% of all children and adolescents diagnosed with RMS are cured by currently available multimodal therapies. However, a curative outcome is achieved in <30% of high-risk individuals with RMS, including all those diagnosed as adults, those diagnosed with fusion-positive tumors during childhood (including metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors), and those diagnosed with metastatic disease during childhood (including fusion-positive and fusion-negative tumors). This white paper outlines current challenges in RMS research and their implications for developing more effective therapies. Urgent clinical problems include local control, systemic disease, need for improved risk stratification, and characterization of differences in disease course in children and adults. Biological challenges include definition of the cellular functions of PAX-FOXO1 fusion proteins, clarification of disease heterogeneity, elucidation of the cellular origins of RMS, delineation of the tumor microenvironment, and identification of means for rational selection and testing of new combination therapies. To streamline future therapeutic developments, it will be critical to improve access to fresh tumor tissue for research purposes, consider alternative trial designs to optimize early clinical testing of candidate drugs, coalesce advocacy efforts to garner public and industry support, and facilitate collaborative efforts between academia and industry.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Humans; Interinstitutional Relations; Muscle Neoplasms; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 25368019
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025650 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Oct 2014We illustrate a case of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) involving the bladder in a woman with dysuria and review the literature and differential diagnosis.... (Review)
Review
We illustrate a case of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) involving the bladder in a woman with dysuria and review the literature and differential diagnosis. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, also referred to as pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation, is a rare lesion that can arise in the genitourinary system and is characterized by a fascicular arrangement of myofibroblasts with admixed inflammatory cells and slitlike vessels. Urinary bladder IMT can be a diagnostic pitfall because its histologic features (brisk mitoses, invasion into muscularis propria, and prominent nucleoli) can mimic malignancy. The differential diagnosis of urinary bladder IMT includes sarcomatoid carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma. Diagnostic features such as bland nuclear chromatin, ganglion-like cells, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm with long processes, overexpression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (immunohistochemistry or gene rearrangement studies), and the absence of atypical mitoses help distinguish IMT from its malignant mimics. Current controversies regarding postoperative spindle cell nodule and IMT are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysuria; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Pelvic Pain; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 25268188
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0274-CC -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Feb 2007Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM) usually presents as a painless, slow-growing inguinal mass. Our review of 42 cases from 13 publications indicates that two... (Review)
Review
Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM) usually presents as a painless, slow-growing inguinal mass. Our review of 42 cases from 13 publications indicates that two thirds of IPMs occur between the ages of 45 and 55 years, the male-female ratio is 2:1, and there is a lack of ethnic predilection. Grossly, the IPM cut surface shows areas of hemorrhage. Five microscopic features are seen: (a) compressed remnants of lymphoid tissue at the periphery; (b) spindle cells with nuclear palisading; (c) intraparenchymal hemorrhage and erythrocyte extravasation; (d) so-called amianthoid fibers; and (e) intracellular and extracellular fuchsinophilic bodies that stain positive for smooth muscle actin. Immunohistochemically, IPM is positive for smooth muscle actin and cyclin D1 and negative for S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD34, and desmin, and it shows a low proliferative index of Ki-67. Electron microscopy demonstrates features of myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Excellent prognosis is seen after surgical treatment, with an approximately 6% recurrence rate and no malignant transformation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Prognosis
PubMed: 17284119
DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-306-IPM