-
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... May 2022Visceral leiomyosarcoma is well described in dogs, but information about non-visceral locations and prevalence is lacking. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma is challenging...
Visceral leiomyosarcoma is well described in dogs, but information about non-visceral locations and prevalence is lacking. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma is challenging without a gold standard, and often includes the use of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains. We used defined histopathologic patterns, histochemical staining, and IHC staining for smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, and laminin to characterize suspected non-visceral leiomyosarcoma in dogs at a single academic institution. In a retrospective search, we identified 24 dogs with a definitive or suspected histologic diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma in a non-visceral location. Histopathology results and clinical details were obtained. Biopsy sections were reviewed by a single pathologist using standardized histologic criteria, including light microscopic appearance, immunohistochemistry (more than two-thirds of neoplastic cells labeled with SMA and desmin or laminin), and histochemical staining (minimal-to-mild matrix deposition by Masson trichrome). Of the 24 cases of possible non-visceral leiomyosarcomas, 4 were consistent with a definitive diagnosis of non-visceral leiomyosarcoma (3) or leiomyoma (1) based on the established criteria. Only the leiomyoma had more than two-thirds of neoplastic cells label with all 3 markers; all 3 leiomyosarcomas had more than two-thirds of neoplastic cells label with SMA and laminin. Our data highlight the uncommon nature of non-visceral leiomyosarcoma and the importance of IHC for their diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis could not be made based on SMA alone, and desmin was not useful in this cohort. Further studies are needed to clarify the histopathologic, IHC, and clinical features of canine non-visceral SMA-positive mesenchymal tumors.
Topics: Animals; Desmin; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Laminin; Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35291894
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221083570 -
The Oncologist 1999The AIDS epidemic continues unabated in Africa, Asia, and South America, and since patients survive longer, the number of chronically immunocompromised individuals is... (Review)
Review
The AIDS epidemic continues unabated in Africa, Asia, and South America, and since patients survive longer, the number of chronically immunocompromised individuals is increasing in Europe and the United States. The number of children with HIV infection who will ultimately develop a malignancy is not known. Currently, tumors represent about 2% of the AIDS-defining events in children in the United States, but the incidence might be different in developing countries. The most common tumors in HIV-infected children are non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, smooth muscle tumors (leiomyosarcomas), and Kaposi's sarcoma (only in Africa). This article provides an overview of epidemiology and clinical and pathological presentations, as well as preliminary data regarding treatment options in children with HIV-associated malignancies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Child; Female; HIV Infections; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue
PubMed: 10476542
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Apr 2022Leiomyomas are a common type of benign soft tissue tumor arising from smooth muscle, most often occurring within females' genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract.... (Review)
Review
Leiomyomas are a common type of benign soft tissue tumor arising from smooth muscle, most often occurring within females' genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract. However, primary leiomyomas of the chest wall residing in the extra-pleural space are an extremely rare subset of leiomyomatous lesion presentation. We present a case of a fifty-two-year-old male who initially presented complaining of dyspnea worsening with exertion. Computed tomography imaging was performed showing an extra-pleural mass residing under the left sixth rib. Subsequent core needle biopsy and immunohistochemical staining were performed, and the definitive diagnosis of primary leiomyoma of the posterior mediastinal chest wall. Although extremely rare, this neoplastic condition should be included in your differential diagnosis when diagnostic imaging reveals a benign mass residing in the extra-pleural space, and subsequent biopsy specimens consist of smooth muscle fibers.
Topics: Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Male; Middle Aged; Pleura; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Thoracic Wall; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35621630
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050240 -
Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal... Jun 2009
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
PubMed: 19503649
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine Aug 2021Rectal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an extremely rare mesenchymal tumor characterized by a mixture of spindle-shaped myofibroblasts or fibroblasts and... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Rectal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an extremely rare mesenchymal tumor characterized by a mixture of spindle-shaped myofibroblasts or fibroblasts and inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells. To date, only 8 cases of rectal IMT have been reported. Herein, we report an additional case of rectal IMT in a 28-year-old woman.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 28-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and hematochezia.
DIAGNOSES
Colonoscopy showed a 3.0-cm subepithelial tumor with central ulceration, covered by white exudate in the rectum. Rectal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4.0 × 3.0-cm-sized well-defined subepithelial tumor in the right wall of the rectum, with suspicious right perirectal fat infiltration.
INTERVENTIONS
Laparoscopic anterior resection was performed. Microscopic examination of the surgical specimen revealed bland-looking spindle cells intermingled with lymphoplasma cells. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed anaplastic lymphoma kinase positivity and anaplastic lymphoma kinase positivity rearrangement. Rectal IMT was confirmed based on histological, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization findings. The patient was doing well without evidence of tumor recurrence 1 year after the surgery.
LESSONS
Rectal IMT, despite its rarity, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rectal cancer. Second, an accurate histopathologic diagnosis and complete surgical resection can be the most important approaches to offer a chance for the cure of rectal IMT.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Rectum
PubMed: 34414993
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027008 -
Magyar Onkologia Mar 2014Malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin are called sarcomas. Mesenchymal cells normally mature into skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, bone and... (Review)
Review
Malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin are called sarcomas. Mesenchymal cells normally mature into skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, bone and cartilage. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) arises from immature mesenchymal cells that are committed to skeletal muscle lineage. However, it can also arise in tissues in which striated muscle is normally not found (such as the urinary tract). Undifferentiated sarcomas cannot be ascribed to any specific lineage. Treatment results improved significantly in the last decade by combined treatment (chemotherapy, surgery, irradiation, in some cases targeted therapy). Good treatment results can be achieved in pediatric oncology centers by early diagnosis and adequate treatment according to international treatment protocols.
Topics: Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal; Sarcoma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24712008
DOI: No ID Found -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Sep 2019
Topics: Child; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography; Granuloma, Plasma Cell; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Male; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue
PubMed: 31500449
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.119.009443 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare and aggressive cancer with few effective therapeutics. The Notch signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved with oncogenic...
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare and aggressive cancer with few effective therapeutics. The Notch signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved with oncogenic properties, but it has not been well studied in uLMS. The purpose of our study was to determine expression of Notch family genes and proteins and to investigate the therapeutic effect of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), indirect inhibitors of Notch signaling, in uLMS. We determined expression of Notch genes and proteins in benign uterine smooth muscle tissue, fibroids, and uLMS samples by immunostaining and in two uLMS cell lines, SK-UT-1B (uterine primary) and SK-LMS-1 (vulvar metastasis) by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunostaining. We exposed our cell lines to GSIs, DAPT and MK-0752, and measured expression of , a downstream effector of Notch. Notch proteins were differentially expressed in uLMS. Expression of NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 was higher in uLMS samples than in benign uterine smooth muscle and fibroids. Expression of NOTCH4 was higher in SK-LMS-1 compared to SK-UT-1B. Exposure of SK-UT-1B and SK-LMS-1 to DAPT and MK-0752 decreased expression of and decreased uLMS cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner that was unique to each GSI. Our findings suggest that GSIs are potential therapeutics for uLMS, albeit with limited efficacy.
Topics: Female; Gamma Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators; Humans; Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma; Pelvic Neoplasms; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Receptors, Notch; Signal Transduction; Uterine Neoplasms
PubMed: 35682660
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115980 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Jun 2017Intravenous/intravascular leiomyomatosis is characterized by intravenous proliferation of a histologically benign smooth muscle cell tumor mass that is... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Intravenous/intravascular leiomyomatosis is characterized by intravenous proliferation of a histologically benign smooth muscle cell tumor mass that is non-tissue-invasive. Although benign, intravenous leiomyomatosis may cause remarkable systematic complications, presents significant diagnostic difficulties, and also is characterized by a relatively increased possibility of recurrence. We determine patients' characteristics, and recurrence and treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prognostic factors are analyzed with univariate analysis. Differences in categorical data are evaluated by the X test. A P value below 0.05 is regarded as indicating a significant difference.
RESULTS
The data results accord with the widely held view that complete excision of intravenous leiomyomata achieves favorable prognoses regarding remission. The efficacy of using Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists to prevent growth or recurrence of tumors in unresected or incompletely resected intravenous leiomyomatosis foci.
CONCLUSION
If complete surgical resection is not possible, partial resection followed by hormone therapy using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists is recommended, which in this study achieved the same favorable prognosis with regard to remission.
Topics: Adult; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Hysterectomy; Leiomyomatosis; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Risk Factors; Uterine Neoplasms; Vascular Neoplasms; Veins
PubMed: 28600049
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.04.017 -
BMC Medical Imaging May 2019Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare type of tumor. Previous research has paid much attention to reporting pathological analyses of LGMS. However, only few...
BACKGROUND
Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare type of tumor. Previous research has paid much attention to reporting pathological analyses of LGMS. However, only few systematic clinical and/or radiological studies have been conducted.
METHODS
This study recruited 14 cases (8 males and 6 females) of LGMS. X-ray or computer tomography (CT) scan were performed on 11 cases. MRI was performed on 5 cases.
RESULTS
X-Ray and CT scan: Five cases developed LGMS in bones, including 3 cases in the distal femur, 1 in the right shoulder blade, and another 1 in the right inferior ramus. Massive infiltrative and vermiform bone destruction with poorly-circumscribed lesion margins and partial soft tissue masses were observed. The other 9 cases were developed in soft tissues. Out of them, 4 cases presented slightly irregular hyper- or lower-density masses with poorly-circumscribed margins. 2 cases presented massive calcification and ossification. Significant enhancement was observed in 1 case, while no obvious enhancement was seen in the other 2 cases. MRI: MR images of 5 cases revealed homogeneous iso- or hyper-signal intensity on T1WI and homogeneous or heterogeneous hyper-signal intensity on T2WI. Enhanced MRI revealed homogeneous enhancement in 2 cases and rim enhancement in 1 case.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show that LGMS is characterized by invasiveness, metastases and calcification. Different radiological tools should be employed to make an accurate diagnosis.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31046697
DOI: 10.1186/s12880-018-0287-z