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The Angle Orthodontist Aug 1998In this second of two articles, the role of occlusion and malocclusion is assessed with respect to orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Some have... (Review)
Review
In this second of two articles, the role of occlusion and malocclusion is assessed with respect to orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Some have suggested that malocclusion may cause TMD, or that by introducing a form of malocclusion, orthodontic treatment could be iatrogenic. Pertinent evidence relating to these issues will be assessed.
Topics: Centric Relation; Dental Occlusion, Centric; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Humans; Malocclusion; Occlusal Adjustment; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 9709831
DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1998)068<0305:OATTJW>2.3.CO;2 -
Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na... Dec 2019Cephalea from orofacial origin is a diffuse, mild to moderate pain that appears as a bandage around the head. There are many different etiological causes of dental...
INTRODUCTION
Cephalea from orofacial origin is a diffuse, mild to moderate pain that appears as a bandage around the head. There are many different etiological causes of dental origin that contribute to the appearance of cephalea.
PURPOSE
The purpose of our research is dental treatment of patients with traumatic occlusion, bruxism and loss of occlusal support, which have a pathological condition - cephalea from orofacial origin.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
For the purposes of this paper, 15 patients with cephalea from orofacial origin were analysed, diagnosed and treated. The control group consisted of 15 patients without etiological factors. A butterfly deprogrammer and a stabilization splint were made depending on the indication.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to our patient study results, it appears to be a link between inadequately made prosthetic devices, bruxism and loss of occlusal support with cephalea. The therapy should help the patient urgently and continue to relieve the cephalea symptoms from orofacial origin. The results show an improvement in 86.7% of the examinees.
CONCLUSION
The butterfly deprogrammer and stabilization splint are new methods that can contribute along with other therapeutic modalities in improving the quality of life in a patient with cephalea from orofacial origin.
Topics: Dental Care; Dental Occlusion; Facial Pain; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Pain Management; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32109212
DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0010 -
T-scan III system diagnostic tool for digital occlusal analysis in orthodontics - a modern approach.Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na... 2014This systematic literature review was performed to establish the mechanism, methodology, characteristics, clinical application and opportunities of the T-Scan III System... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This systematic literature review was performed to establish the mechanism, methodology, characteristics, clinical application and opportunities of the T-Scan III System as a diagnostic tool for digital occlusal analysis in different fields of dentistry, precisely in orthodontics.
METHODS
Searching of electronic databases, using MEDLINE and PubMed, hand searching of relevant key journals, and screening of reference lists of included studies with no language restriction was performed. Publications providing statistically examined data were included for systematic review.
RESULTS
Twenty potentially relevant Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were identified. Only ten met the inclusion criteria. The literature demonstrates that using digital occlusal analysis with T-Scan III System in orthodontics has significant advantage with regard to the capability of measuring occlusal parameters in static positions and during dynamic of the mandible.
CONCLUSION
Within the scope of this systematic review, there is evidence to support that T-Scan system is rapid and accurate in identifying the distribution of the tooth contacts and it shows great promise as a clinical diagnostic screening device for occlusion and for improving the occlusion after various dental treatments. Additional clinical studies are required to advance the indication filed of this system. Importance of using digital occlusal T-Scan analysis in orthodontics deserves further investigation.
Topics: Dental Occlusion; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Humans; Orthodontics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 25532097
DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2014-0020 -
The Journal of International Medical... May 2019Evaluation of dynamic occlusal parameters can help dentists to understand the association of occlusion with the preferred chewing side (PCS) and enable optimal... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVES
Evaluation of dynamic occlusal parameters can help dentists to understand the association of occlusion with the preferred chewing side (PCS) and enable optimal restoration of masticatory efficiency. This study evaluated the association between PCS and dynamic occlusal parameters.
METHODS
One hundred participants (50 each, right and left PCS) were included in this study. PCS was determined by the visual spot-checking method, and occlusal analysis was conducted by T Scan. Occlusal parameters evaluated included initial contact, center of force, tooth contact area, occlusal interferences, and occlusal time. Data were assessed by chi-squared test and eta correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
Initial contact towards the PCS was observed in 68% and 70% of right and left unilateral chewers, respectively. Likewise, center of force towards the PCS was present in 72% and 66% of right and left unilateral chewers, respectively. A larger area of tooth contact was predominant towards the PCS in 70% and 72% of right and left unilateral chewers, respectively. Chi-squared analysis showed a strong positive correlation between PCS and occlusal parameters at maximum intercuspation. Eta correlation coefficients between PCS and occlusal interferences, as well as centric and eccentric occlusion, revealed negligible associations.
CONCLUSION
Dynamic occlusal parameters may be associated with PCS.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Occlusion; Female; Humans; Male; Mastication; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30764682
DOI: 10.1177/0300060519827165 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2017Dental occlusion varies among individuals, and achieving correct physiological occlusion after osteotomy is essential for the complex functioning of the stomatognathic...
Dental occlusion varies among individuals, and achieving correct physiological occlusion after osteotomy is essential for the complex functioning of the stomatognathic system. The T-Scan system records the centre of force, first contact, maximum bite force, and maximum intercuspation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness and consistency of T-Scan in assessing occlusion before and after orthognathic surgery. Occlusal information was evaluated for 30 healthy adults with normal occlusion and 40 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. T-Scan had a high degree of reliability for consecutive measurements (Pearson correlation, r = 0.98). For most parameters, occlusal distribution was better after surgery than before surgery. More teeth contributed to occlusion at maximum intercuspation after surgery than before surgery (14 vs. 10). In addition, the difference in the posterior force distribution was reduced after surgery (17.6 ± 13.8 vs. 22.7 ± 21.4 before surgery), indicating better occlusal force distribution after surgery. The maximum percentage force on teeth (p = 0.004) and the number of teeth contributing to occlusion (p < 0.001) also differed significantly. Thus, T-Scan is good for assessing occlusal discrepancies and can be used to portray the pre- and post-operative occlusal contact distribution during treatment planning and follow-up.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dental Occlusion; Diagnostic Equipment; Female; Humans; Male; Orthognathic Surgery; Young Adult
PubMed: 28706294
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05788-x -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... May 2020Methods for digital dental alignment are not readily available to automatically articulate the upper and lower jaw models. The purpose of the present study was to assess...
PURPOSE
Methods for digital dental alignment are not readily available to automatically articulate the upper and lower jaw models. The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of our newly developed 3-stage automatic digital articulation approach by comparing it with the reference standard of orthodontist-articulated occlusion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty pairs of stone dental models from double-jaw orthognathic surgery patients who had undergone 1-piece Le Fort I osteotomy were used. Two experienced orthodontists manually articulated the models to their perceived final occlusion for surgery. Each pair of models was then scanned twice-while in the orthodontist-determined occlusion and again with the upper and lower models separated and positioned randomly. The separately scanned models were automatically articulated to the final occlusion using our 3-stage algorithm, resulting in an algorithm-articulated occlusion (experimental group). The models scanned together represented the manually articulated occlusion (control group). A qualitative evaluation was completed using a 3-point categorical scale by the same orthodontists, who were unaware of the methods used to articulate the models. A quantitative evaluation was also completed to determine whether any differences were present in the midline, canine, and molar relationships between the algorithm-determined and manually articulated occlusions using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, the mean ± standard deviation values were computed to determine the differences between the 2 methods.
RESULTS
The results of the qualitative evaluation revealed that all the algorithm-articulated occlusions were as good as the manually articulated ones. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA found no statistically significant differences between the 2 methods [F(1,28) = 0.03; P = .87]. The mean differences between the 2 methods were all within 0.2 mm.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study have demonstrated that dental models can be accurately, reliably, and automatically articulated using our 3-stage algorithm approach, meeting the reference standard of orthodontist-articulated occlusion.
Topics: Algorithms; Dental Occlusion; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Mandible; Maxilla; Models, Dental; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 32006486
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.12.021 -
The Angle Orthodontist 1989The clinician must frequently make treatment decisions with limited knowledge of the appropriateness and consequences of the different options. Patients have specific... (Review)
Review
The clinician must frequently make treatment decisions with limited knowledge of the appropriateness and consequences of the different options. Patients have specific expectations: that the treatment they receive is the usual one, that they have been informed of the alternatives and the consequences, and most importantly that the treatment has a reasonable chance of success. In TMJ therapy, as with most treatments, the patient's improvement is closely connected to a proper diagnosis based on sound physiologic principles. This investigation will review four basic splint types and discuss their success in the resolution of various temporomandibular disorders. Since the position of the condyle-disc-fossa, the occlusal contact pattern and the masticatory muscle dynamics are interrelated, this study will focus on the physiologic changes splints may cause with modification of this tooth, joint and muscle relationship. Hopefully, selection of a specific splint design appropriate to the patient's disorder will be facilitated by better understanding of its physiologic and therapeutic effects.
Topics: Bruxism; Dental Occlusion; Equipment Design; Humans; Masticatory Muscles; Splints; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Vertical Dimension
PubMed: 2672904
DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1989)059<0165:TPOSTA>2.0.CO;2 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2021Smile aesthetics is one of the major goals to be achieved after orthodontic mechanotherapy as it visibly displays the results of orthodontic treatment. Although... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
CONTEXT
Smile aesthetics is one of the major goals to be achieved after orthodontic mechanotherapy as it visibly displays the results of orthodontic treatment. Although orthodontic retainers aid in maintaining post-treatment occlusion, soft tissue function and aesthetics, appropriate knowledge of smile changes with age can help orthodontists to obtain stable and aesthetically appealing treatment results.
AIM
To assess and quantify soft tissue changes in the upper lip in vertical dimension at both repose and maximum smiling and to evaluate changes occurring with the smile index and upper lip with age and sex in subjects of Indian origin.
SETTINGS
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.
DESIGN
Observational study.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
A total of 160 volunteers (80 males and 80 females) selected and were divided into 4 groups according to age and were further divided into 2 sub-groups according to gender. Thirteen measurements of relaxed and smiling upper lip were taken with a calibrated metal ruler and divider directly on the subjects.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done followed by post hoc test to determine which groups were significant from others. Levene's test was done to assess equality of variance and t-test for equality of means was done.
RESULTS
Statistically significant results were obtained in between groups and sub-groups for parameters like smile index, upper lip elevation while smiling and smile pattern in males and females changing with increase in age.
CONCLUSIONS
High smile patterns with more vertical smile are more common among females and low smile patterns are more common among males. With age, the smile tends to be more horizontal in both genders.
Topics: Cephalometry; Dental Occlusion; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Smiling; Vertical Dimension
PubMed: 34810384
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_637_18 -
Australian Dental Journal Jun 2014Physiologic changes occur in dental occlusion throughout life, resulting from the interplay between functional demands and reciprocating adaptive responses. These...
Physiologic changes occur in dental occlusion throughout life, resulting from the interplay between functional demands and reciprocating adaptive responses. These changes have been reported in the anthropological literature and they reflect evolutionary changes in the human stomatognathic system during the Paleolithic, hunter-gatherer period. Specific occlusal changes occur in response to different environments, leading to extensive variation within and between extinct and extant human populations. For example, functional demands can cause occlusal and interproximal tooth wear, resulting in shortening of the dental arch, continual tooth eruption and changes in masticatory patterns. Since the advent of farming through to our current industrialized culture, functional demands on the human masticatory system, and its adaptive responses to these demands, have been reduced considerably. Indeed, it is only occasionally that functional demands are severe enough to lead to obvious pathology in the modern human dentition. In contrast to normal masticatory activity, 'modern-day conditions' such as dental caries, periodontal disease and erosion, can lead to significant changes in dental occlusion that are pathological and need to be treated. The masticatory system is a dynamic, functional unit that displays considerable change over a lifetime. In this concept paper, it is proposed that modern human populations living in industrialized environments display dental occlusions that can be considered to be 'neotenous'; that is, our dentitions tend to reflect an unworn stage of our ancestors that was only seen in infants, juveniles and young adults. Clinicians can draw on both phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives of 'functional dental occlusion' to differentiate continual physiological changes occurring over time that require ongoing review, from pathological responses that require intervention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropology, Physical; Dental Arch; Dental Occlusion; Dentition; Humans; Mastication; Maxillofacial Development; Phylogeny; Tooth Attrition; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Wear
PubMed: 24444303
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12133 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Feb 2020This study aims to investigate the occlusal and myoelectric characteristics of implant-supported fixed denture in the mandibular region and provide reference for the...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the occlusal and myoelectric characteristics of implant-supported fixed denture in the mandibular region and provide reference for the design of fixed restoration.
METHODS
Sixty edentulous patients with implant-supported fixed denture were selected and divided into three groups: group A, 20 cases with implant-supported fixed restoration in the maxillary region; group B, 20 cases with natural dentition, and group C, 20 cases with removable partial denture. The T-scan 8.0 digital occlusion analysis system was used to evaluate the occlusal characteristics of patients in the three groups at intercuspal, protrusion, and left and right lateral positions. Electromyography was used to analyze the myoelectric amplitude and bilateral asymmetry index of the anterior temporalis and masseter of the three groups in different states such as resting and clenching. The relationship between occlusion and myoelectricity was also investigated.
RESULTS
In the occlusion analysis by T-scan, the occlusion time, the balance of left and right bite force, the left and right asymmetry of the occlusion center, the trajectory of central occlusion force, and the disclusion time were higher in group C than in groups A and B (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the anterior and posterior asymmetry of the occlusion center and percentage of bite force at anterior region among the three groups. In the analysis of myoelectricity, the myoelectric amplitude at resting state and the asymmetry index of masticatory muscles in group C were higher than those in groups A and B (P<0.05). The myoelectric amplitude during clenching in groups A and B groups was higher than that in group C (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In implant-supported fixed restoration at edentulous mandibular, when maxillary includes the removable partial denture, degree of occlusal instability and left and right asymmetry of occlusion center are greater than those with the natural dentition and implant-supported fixed denture at maxillary. The myoelectricity is closely related to occlusion. The removable partial denture can increase the myoelectric activity and reduce the potential of the masticatory muscle. The asymmetry of bilateral myoelectricity is related to the occlusion imbalance.
Topics: Bite Force; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Humans; Mandible; Masticatory Muscles
PubMed: 32037763
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.01.006