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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020Despite great progress made in developing orthopedic implants, the development of titanium (Ti) implants with ideal early osseointegration remains a big challenge. Our...
INTRODUCTION
Despite great progress made in developing orthopedic implants, the development of titanium (Ti) implants with ideal early osseointegration remains a big challenge. Our pilot study has demonstrated that Si-TiO nanotubes on the surface of Ti substrates could enhance their osteogenic activity. Hence, in this study, we aim to comprehensively evaluate the effects of silicon-doped titania (Si-TiO) nanotubes on the osseointegration property of Ti implants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Ti implants were surface modified with Si-TiO nanotubes through in situ anodization and Si plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) method. Three groups were divided as Ti implants (Ti), Ti modified with TiO nanotubes (TiO-NTs) and Ti modified with Si-TiO nanotubes (Si-TiO-NTs). The morphology of Si-TiO nanotubes was observed by scanning electron microscope. The growth and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the Ti implants were evaluated. Further, the pull-out tests and in vivo osseointegration ability evaluation were performed after implanting the screws in the femur of Sprague Dawley rats.
RESULTS
The Si-TiO nanotubes could be seen on the surface of Ti implants. The MC3T3-E1 cells could grow on the surface of Ti, TiO-NTs and Si-TiO-NTs, and showed fast proliferation rate on the Si-TiO-NTs. Moreover, the production of some osteogenesis-related proteins (ALP and Runx2) at one week and calcium deposition at four week was also enhanced in Si-TiO-NTs rather than other groups. In vivo osseointegration results showed that Si-TiO nanotube-modified Ti screws had higher pullout force at two and four weeks as well as enhanced new bone formation at six weeks compared to bare Ti screws and Ti screws modified with TiO nanotubes alone.
DISCUSSION
The modification of Si-TiO-NTs on the Ti substrate could generate a nanostructured and hydrophilic surface, which can promote cell growth. Moreover, the existence of the TiO nanotubes and Si element also can improve the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and early bone formation around the implanted screws. Together, findings from this study show that surface modification of Ti implants with Si-TiO nanotubes could enhance early osseointegration and therefore has the potential for clinical applications.
Topics: Animals; Bone Screws; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Femur; Male; Materials Testing; Mice; Nanotubes; Osseointegration; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Pilot Projects; Prostheses and Implants; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Silicon; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 33173295
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S270311 -
BMC Oral Health Nov 2021Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for osseointegration of implants. The aim of this study was to explore key genes of T2DM affecting bone...
BACKGROUND
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for osseointegration of implants. The aim of this study was to explore key genes of T2DM affecting bone metabolism through bioinformatic analysis of published RNA sequencing data, identify potential biomarkers, and provide a reference for finding the molecular mechanism of abnormal osseointegration caused by T2DM.
METHODS
We identified differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs from the Gene Expression Omnibus database using the R package 'limma' and analysed the predicted target genes using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology analysis. At the same time, miRNA-mRNA interactions were explored using miRWalk 2.0.
RESULTS
We constructed an miRNA-gene regulatory network and a protein-protein interaction network. The enrichment pathways of differentially expressed mRNAs included extracellular matrix receptor interactions, protein digestion and absorption, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, chemokine signalling pathways, and haematopoietic cell lineage functions. We analysed the expression of these differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in T2DM rats and normal rats with bone implants and identified Smpd3, Itga10, and rno-mir-207 as possible key players in osseointegration in T2DM.
CONCLUSION
Smpd3, Itga10, and rno-mir-207 are possible biomarkers of osseointegration in T2DM. This study sheds light on the possible molecular mechanism of abnormal osseointegration caused by bone metabolism disorder in T2DM.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Computational Biology; Dental Implants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; MicroRNAs; Osseointegration; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Rats
PubMed: 34794414
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01939-9 -
Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical... Feb 2024To determine, through clinical studies, whether there is a correlation between the Periotest value (PTV) and the implant stability quotient (ISQ). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To determine, through clinical studies, whether there is a correlation between the Periotest value (PTV) and the implant stability quotient (ISQ).
CONTENT
Methods to evaluate the stability of dental implants.
SUMMARY
A search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles on the proposed subject up to January 29, 2023, using search terms that combined "resonance frequency analysis" and "Periotest" with "correlation" or "relationship"; and combinations of "implant stability quotient" and "Periotest" with "correlation" or "relationship." The inclusion criteria were clinical studies in English involving human subjects who received dental implants and evaluating the correlation between PTV and ISQ. A total of 46 articles were screened, of which 10 were selected for full-text analysis, and eight articles were included in this review. Based on three articles, 75 % of the results of this systematic review showed a negative correlation between PTV and ISQ, regardless of the type of stability assessed. Based on the remaining five articles, 100 % (regardless of the patient's gender) and 66.66 % of the results showed a negative correlation for primary and secondary stability, respectively. There is a negative correlation between PTV and ISQ for both primary and secondary dental implant stability.
OUTLOOK
This review can serve as a reference for the development of methodologies for future clinical studies on this topic.
Topics: Humans; Osseointegration; Dental Implants; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Prosthesis Retention
PubMed: 37489593
DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2023-0194 -
Acta Biomaterialia Dec 2021The initial cellular and molecular activities at the bone interface of implants with controlled nanoscale topography and microscale roughness have previously been...
The effects of controlled nanotopography, machined topography and their combination on molecular activities, bone formation and biomechanical stability during osseointegration.
The initial cellular and molecular activities at the bone interface of implants with controlled nanoscale topography and microscale roughness have previously been reported. However, the effects of such surface modifications on the development of osseointegration have not yet been determined. This study investigated the molecular events and the histological and biomechanical development of the bone interface in implants with nanoscale topography, microscale roughness or a combination of both. Polished and machined titanium implants with and without controlled nanopatterning (75 nm protrusions) were produced using colloidal lithography and coated with a thin titanium layer to unify the chemistry. The implants were inserted in rat tibiae and subjected to removal torque (RTQ) measurements, molecular analyses and histological analyses after 6, 21 and 28 days. The results showed that nanotopography superimposed on microrough, machined, surfaces promoted an early increase in RTQ and hence produced greater implant stability at 6 and 21 days. Two-way MANOVA revealed that the increased RTQ was influenced by microscale roughness and the combination of nanoscale and microscale topographies. Furthermore, increased bone-implant contact (BIC) was observed with the combined nanopatterned machined surface, although MANOVA results implied that the increased BIC was mainly dependent on microscale roughness. At the molecular level, the nanotopography, per se, and in synergy with microscale roughness, downregulated the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In conclusion, controlled nanotopography superimposed on microrough machined implants promoted implant stability during osseointegration. Nanoscale-driven mechanisms may involve attenuation of the inflammatory response at the titanium implant site. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The role of combined implant microscale and nanotopography features for osseointegration is incompletely understood. Using colloidal lithography technique, we created an ordered nanotopography pattern superimposed on screwshaped implants with microscale topography. The midterm and late molecular, bone-implant contact and removal torque responses were analysed in vivo. Nanotopography superimposed on microrough, machined, surfaces promoted the implant stability, influenced by microscale topography and the combination of nanoscale and microscale topographies. Increased bone-implant contact was mainly dependent on microscale roughness whereas the nanotopography, per se, and in synergy with microscale roughness, attenuated the proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression. It is concluded that microscale and nanopatterns provide individual as well as synergistic effects on molecular, morphological and biomechanical implant-tissue processes in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Implants, Experimental; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Rats; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 34626821
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.001 -
Biomaterials Jun 2021In the past 50 years, bone anchored prostheses have evolved from a concept for experimental treatment to a rapidly developing area in orthopedics and traumatology. Up to... (Review)
Review
In the past 50 years, bone anchored prostheses have evolved from a concept for experimental treatment to a rapidly developing area in orthopedics and traumatology. Up to date, there are dozens of centers in the world providing osseointegration amputation reconstructions and more than a thousand patients using the bone anchored prostheses. Compared with conventional socket prostheses, the bone anchored prosthesis by osseointegration avoids the debilitating problems related with soft tissues. It also provides physiological weight bearing, improved range of motion, and sensory feedback, all of which contribute to the improvement on quality of life for amputees. The present article briefly reviews the historical development of osseointegration surgery for amputation reconstruction and the current challenges. The implant design characters and surgical techniques of the two types of implants; the screw-type implant (presented by the OPRA system), and the press-fit implants (presented by EEP and OPL systems) are described. The major complications, infections and mechanical failures, are discussed in detail based on the latest evidence. Future aspects and experimental trials aiming to overcome the current challenges are presented.
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Amputees; Artificial Limbs; Bone-Anchored Prosthesis; Humans; Osseointegration; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Implantation; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33894405
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120836 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2021Micro-/nano-tubes (TNTs) and micro-/nano-nets (TNNs) are the common and sensible choice in the first step of combined modifications of titanium surface for further...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Micro-/nano-tubes (TNTs) and micro-/nano-nets (TNNs) are the common and sensible choice in the first step of combined modifications of titanium surface for further functionalization in the purpose of extended indications and therapeutic effect. It is important to recognize the respective biologic reactions of these two substrates for guiding a biologically based first-step selection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
TNTs were produced by anodic oxidation and TNNs were formed by alkali-heat treatment. The original selective laser melting (SLM) titanium surface was set as control. Surface characterization was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, surface roughness, and water contact angle measurements. Osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis were measured. MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 cells were used for assay in terms of adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. assessments were taken on Beagle dogs with micro-CT and histological analysis.
RESULTS
TNN and TNT groups performed decreased roughness and increased hydrophilicity compared with SLM group. For biological detections, the highest ALP activity and osteogenesis-related genes expression were observed in TNT group followed by TNN group (P <0.05). Interestingly, when it comes to the osteoclastogenesis, TNNs displayed lowest TRAP activity and osteoclastogenesis-related genes expression and TNTs were lower than SLM but higher than TNNs (P <0.05). BV/TV around implants was highest in TNT group after 4 weeks (P <0.05). HE, ALP and TRAP staining showed that osteogenic and osteoclastic activity around TNTs were both higher than TNNs (P <0.05).
CONCLUSION
TNNs and TNTs have dual advantages in promotion of osteogenesis and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, TNNs showed better capability in inhibiting osteoclast activity while TNTs facilitated stronger osteogenesis. Our results implied that TNT substrates would take advantage in early application after implantation, while diseases with inappropriate osteoclast activity would prefer TNN substrates, which will guide a biologically based first-step selection on combined modification for different clinical purposes.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Cell Adhesion; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Dogs; Lasers; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nanotubes; Osseointegration; Osteoblasts; Prostheses and Implants; RAW 264.7 Cells; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 34012262
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S303770 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2023To discuss the state of the art of Finite Element (FE) modeling in implant dentistry, to highlight the principal features and the current limitations, and giving... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To discuss the state of the art of Finite Element (FE) modeling in implant dentistry, to highlight the principal features and the current limitations, and giving recommendations to pave the way for future studies.
METHODS
The articles' search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using specific keywords. The articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after title, abstract and full-text evaluation. A total of 147 studies were included in this review.
RESULTS
To date, the FE analysis of the bone-dental implant system has been investigated by analyzing several types of implants; modeling only a portion of bone considered as isotropic material, despite its anisotropic behavior; assuming in most cases complete osseointegration; considering compressive or oblique forces acting on the implant; neglecting muscle forces and the bone remodeling process. Finally, there is no standardized approach for FE modeling in the dentistry field.
SIGNIFICANCE
FE modeling is an effective computational tool to investigate the long-term stability of implants. The ultimate aim is to transfer such technology into clinical practice to help dentists in the diagnostic and therapeutic phases. To do this, future research should deeply investigate the loading influence on the bone-implant complex at a microscale level. This is a key factor still not adequately studied. Thus, a multiscale model could be useful, allowing to account for this information through multiple length scales. It could help to obtain information about the relationship among implant design, distribution of bone stress, and bone growth. Finally, the adoption of a standardized approach will be necessary, in order to make FE modeling highly predictive of the implant's long-term stability.
Topics: Dental Implants; Finite Element Analysis; Osseointegration; Bone and Bones; Stress, Mechanical; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 37080880
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.04.002 -
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related... Dec 2014Porous tantalum trabecular metal has recently been incorporated in titanium dental implants as a new form of implant surface enhancement. However, there is little... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Porous tantalum trabecular metal has recently been incorporated in titanium dental implants as a new form of implant surface enhancement. However, there is little information on the applications of this material in implant dentistry.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this article is to summarize the contemporary concept on the applications of porous tantalum trabecular metal in implant dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We therefore review the current literature on the basic science and clinical uses of this material.
RESULTS
Porous tantalum metal is used to improve the contact between osseous structure and dental implants and therefore presumably facilitate osseointegration. Success of porous tantalum metal in orthopedic implants led to the incorporation of porous tantalum metal in the design of root-form endosseous titanium implants. The porous tantalum three-dimensional enhancement of titanium dental implant surface allows for combining bone ongrowth together with bone ingrowth, or osseoincorporation. While little is known about the biological aspect of the porous tantalum in the oral cavity, there seems to be several possible advantages of this implant design. This article reviews the biological aspects of porous tantalum-enhanced titanium dental implants, in particular the effects of anatomical consideration and oral environment to implant designs.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose here possible clinical situations and applications for this type of dental implant. Advantages and disadvantages of the implants as well as needed future clinical studies are discussed.
Topics: Bone-Implant Interface; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Materials Testing; Osseointegration; Porosity; Surface Properties; Tantalum; Titanium
PubMed: 23527899
DOI: 10.1111/cid.12059 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Aug 2011The mechanical load applied during bone regeneration in implant treatments influences the early formation of peri-implant bone tissue through the activation of different... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The mechanical load applied during bone regeneration in implant treatments influences the early formation of peri-implant bone tissue through the activation of different pathways. The aim of this review was to determine the currently available scientific evidence in this field.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Electronic search in medical databases (Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane Library) of experimental studies in animal models published from 2003 to 2009.
RESULTS
There is scientific evidence that the immediate application of an axial load in implantology stimulates bone formation, as measured by various histomorphometric parameters. Different physiological mechanisms (e.g., production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2) participate in this effect, although their action has not been fully elucidated.
CONCLUSION
The precise role of mechanical loading in the osseointegration process remains unknown. Further studies are required to demonstrate the biological mechanisms involved and the load range producing the most effective response and to develop devices for obtaining predictable clinical outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Osseointegration
PubMed: 20711107
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17053 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jan 2023Successful osseointegration of endosteal dental implants has been attributed to implant design, including the macro-, micro- and nano- geometric properties. Based on...
BACKGROUND
Successful osseointegration of endosteal dental implants has been attributed to implant design, including the macro-, micro- and nano- geometric properties. Based on current literature pertaining to implant design, the resultant cellular and bone healing response is unknown when the thread thickness of the implants is increased, resulting in an increased contact area in implants designed with healing chambers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two implant designs with different thread profiles on the osseointegration parameters and implant stability at 3- and 6-weeks in vivo using a well-established preclinical dog model.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 48 type V Ti alloy implants were divided in two groups according to their thread design (D1= +0.1x/mm and D2= +0.15x/mm) and placed in an interpolated fashion into the radii of six beagles. Insertion torque was measured at time of placement, radii were extracted for histological processing following 3- and 6-week healing intervals. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed in terms of bone to implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads (%BAFO). Statistical analyses were performed through a linear mixed model with fixed factors of time and implant thread design.
RESULTS
Surface roughness analysis demonstrated no significant differences in Sa and Sq between D1 and D2 implant designs, which confirmed that both implant designs were homogenous except for their respective thread profiles. For insertion torque, statistically significant lower values were recorded for D1 in comparison to D2 (59.6 ± 11.1 and 78.9 ± 10.1 N⋅cm, respectively). Furthermore, there were no significant differences with respect to histological analysis and histomorphometric parameters, between D1 and D2 at both time points.
CONCLUSIONS
Both thread profiles presented equivalent potential to successfully osseointegrate in the osteotomies, with D2 yielding higher mechanical retention upon placement without detrimental bone resorption.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Osseointegration; Dental Implants; Torque; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Surface Properties
PubMed: 36173722
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25576