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Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Aug 2013Angiogenesis is likely critical for the process of intramembranous osteogenesis; however, the developmental relationship between blood vessels and bone mineralization is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Angiogenesis is likely critical for the process of intramembranous osteogenesis; however, the developmental relationship between blood vessels and bone mineralization is not well studied within intramembranous bones. Given its importance, changes in angiogenesis regulation are likely to contribute to evolutionarily and medically relevant craniofacial variation.
RESULTS
We summarize what is known about the association between angiogenesis and intramembranous osteogenesis, supplementing with information from the better-studied processes of endochondral ossification and distraction osteogenesis. Based on this review, we introduce a model of angiogenesis during early intramembranous osteogenesis as well as a series of null hypotheses to be tested.
CONCLUSIONS
This model can serve as a basis of future research on the spatio-temporal association and regulatory interactions of mesenchymal, vascular, and bone cells, which will be required to illuminate the potential effects of angiogenesis dysregulation on craniofacial skeletal phenotypes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 23737393
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23992 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2021Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells with the potential ability to differentiate into various cells and the ability to self-renew and resemble fibroblasts. These... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells with the potential ability to differentiate into various cells and the ability to self-renew and resemble fibroblasts. These cells can adhere to plastic to facilitate the culture process. MSCs can be used in research into tissue biotechnology and rejuvenation medicine. MSCs are also beneficial in recipient tissue and differentiate as a breakthrough strategy through paracrine activity. Many databases have shown MSC-based treatment can be beneficial in the reduction of osteogenesis induced by senescence. In this article, we will discuss the potential effect of MSCs in senescence cells related to osteogenesis.
Topics: Fibroblasts; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 35056369
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010061 -
Biomaterials Dec 2022Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of... (Review)
Review
Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and dynamic reciprocal communication between the bone and immune cells that extends beyond the well-defined osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Implant surface topography informs adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk to modulate the process of bone accrual. Integrating titanium surface engineering with the principles of immunology is utilized to harness the power of immune system to improve osseointegration in healthy and diseased microenvironments. This review summarizes current information regarding immune cell-titanium implant surface interactions and places these events in the context of surface-mediated immunomodulation and bone regeneration. A mechanistic approach is directed in demonstrating the central role of osteoimmunology in the process of osseointegration and exploring how regulation of immune cell function at the implant-bone interface may be used in future control of clinical therapies. The process of peri-implant bone loss is also informed by immunomodulation at the implant surface. How surface topography is exploited to prevent osteoclastogenesis is considered herein with respect to peri-implant inflammation, osteoclastic precursor-surface interactions, and the upstream/downstream effects of surface topography on immune and progenitor cell function.
Topics: Osseointegration; Titanium; Surface Properties; Osteogenesis; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 36410109
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121903 -
Cell Research Sep 2022Bone regeneration originates from proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitors via either endochondral or intramembranous ossification; and the regeneration...
Bone regeneration originates from proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitors via either endochondral or intramembranous ossification; and the regeneration capacities decline with age and estrogen loss. Maxillary sinus floor lifting (MSFL) is a commonly used surgical procedure for guiding bone regeneration in maxilla. Radiographic analysis of 1210 clinical cases of maxilla bone regeneration after MSFL revealed that the intrasinus osteogenic efficacy was independent of age and gender, however; and this might be related to the Schneiderian membrane that lines the sinus cavity. In view of the particularity of this biological process, our present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of MSFL-induced bone regeneration. We first established a murine model to simulate the clinical MSFL. By single-cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry-based bulk RNA-sequencing, we identified a novel Krt14Ctsk subset of cells that display both epithelial and mesenchymal properties and the transcriptomic feature of osteoprogenitors. Dual recombinases-mediated lineage tracing and loss-of-function analyses showed that these Krt14Ctsk progenitors contribute to both MSFL-induced osteogenesis and physiological bone homeostasis by differentiating into Krt14Ctsk descendants which show robust osteogenic capacity. In addition, we detected a similar population of Krt14Ctsk cells in human samples of Schneiderian membrane, which show a highly similar osteogenic potential and transcriptomic feature to the corresponding cells in mice. The identification of this Krt14Ctsk population, featured by osteoprogenitor characteristics and dual epithelial-mesenchymal properties, provides new insight into the understanding of bone regeneration and may open more possibilities for clinical applications.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Cell Differentiation; Homeostasis; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Mice; Osteogenesis; RNA; Sinus Floor Augmentation
PubMed: 35821090
DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00687-x -
The American Journal of Pathology Aug 2019Skeletal tissue development and regeneration in mammals are intricate, multistep, and highly regulated processes. Various signaling pathways have been implicated in the... (Review)
Review
Skeletal tissue development and regeneration in mammals are intricate, multistep, and highly regulated processes. Various signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of these processes, including Notch. Notch signaling is a highly conserved, intercellular signaling pathway that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, determines cell fate decision, and participates in cellular process in embryonic and adult tissue. Here, we review recent data showing the regulation of Notch signaling in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis. These processes are cell-context-dependent via direct or indirect mechanisms. Furthermore, Notch signaling may be highly beneficial for efficient coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis for tissue engineering and skeletal repair, which is critical to develop clinically therapeutic options.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteogenesis; Receptors, Notch; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31345466
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.005 -
Cell Proliferation Nov 2019With age, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have reduced ability of differentiating into osteoblasts but have increased ability of differentiating into...
OBJECTIVES
With age, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have reduced ability of differentiating into osteoblasts but have increased ability of differentiating into adipocytes which leads to age-related bone loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in regulating BMSC differentiation. This paper explored the role of miRNAs in regulating BMSC differentiation swift fate in age-related osteoporosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Mice and human BMSC were isolated from bone marrow, whose miR-130a level was measured. The abilities of BMSC differentiate into osteoblast or fat cell under the transfected with agomiR-130a or antagomiR-130a were analysed by the level of ALP, osteocalcin, Runx2, osterix or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ), Fabp4. Related mechanism was verified via qT-PCR, Western blotting (WB) and siRNA transfection. Animal phenotype intravenous injection with agomiR-130a or agomiR-NC was explored by Micro-CT, immunochemistry and calcein double-labelling.
RESULTS
MiR-130a was dramatically decreased in BMSC of advanced subjects. Overexpression of miR-130a increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSC and attenuated adipogenic differentiation in BMSC, conversely, Inhibition of miR-130a reduced osteogenic differentiation and facilitated lipid droplet formation. Consistently, overexpression of miR-130a in elderly mice dropped off the bone loss. Furthermore, the protein levels of Smad regulatory factors 2 (Smurf2) and PPARγ were regulated by miR-130a with an negative effect through directly combining the 3'UTR of Smurf2 and PPARγ.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicated that miR-130a promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSC by negatively regulating Smurf2 expression and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of BMSC by targeting the PPARγ, and supply a new target for clinical therapy of age-related bone loss.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; MicroRNAs; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 31557368
DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12688 -
International Journal of Oral Science Jan 2022Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is widely used for bone tissue engineering technology. Immune regulations play important roles in the process of DO like other bone... (Review)
Review
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is widely used for bone tissue engineering technology. Immune regulations play important roles in the process of DO like other bone regeneration mechanisms. Compared with others, the immune regulation processes of DO have their distinct features. In this review, we summarized the immune-related events including changes in and effects of immune cells, immune-related cytokines, and signaling pathways at different periods in the process of DO. We aim to elucidated our understanding and unknowns about the immunomodulatory role of DO. The goal of this is to use the known knowledge to further modify existing methods of DO, and to develop novel DO strategies in our unknown areas through more detailed studies of the work we have done.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Osteogenesis; Osteogenesis, Distraction; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35067679
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00156-y -
Nature Communications Sep 2023The terminal differentiation of osteoblasts and subsequent formation of bone marks an important phase in palate development that leads to the separation of the oral and...
The terminal differentiation of osteoblasts and subsequent formation of bone marks an important phase in palate development that leads to the separation of the oral and nasal cavities. While the morphogenetic events preceding palatal osteogenesis are well explored, major gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of this bony union of the fusing palate. Through bulk, single-nucleus, and spatially resolved RNA-sequencing analyses of the developing secondary palate, we identify a shift in transcriptional programming between embryonic days 14.5 and 15.5 pinpointing the onset of osteogenesis. We define spatially restricted expression patterns of key osteogenic marker genes that are differentially expressed between these developmental timepoints. Finally, we identify genes in the palate highly expressed by palate nasal epithelial cells, also enriched within palatal osteogenic mesenchymal cells. This investigation provides a relevant framework to advance palate-specific diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker discovery.
Topics: Transcriptome; Osteogenesis; Gene Expression Profiling; Biomedical Research; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 37709732
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41349-9 -
Current Osteoporosis Reports Feb 2018Exosomes are membrane vesicles that are released by most cell types into the extracellular environment. The purpose of this article is to discuss the main morphological... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Exosomes are membrane vesicles that are released by most cell types into the extracellular environment. The purpose of this article is to discuss the main morphological features and contents of bone-derived exosomes, as well as their major isolation and physical characterization techniques. Furthermore, we present various scenarios and discuss potential clinical applications of bone-derived exosomes in bone repair and regeneration.
RECENT FINDINGS
Exosomes were believed to be nanosized vesicles derived from the multivesicular body. Reports now suggest that nanovesicles could bud directly from the plasma membrane. However, the exosome cargo is cell-type specific and is derived from the parent cell. In the bone matrix, several intracellular proteins lacking a signal peptide are transported to the ECM by exosomes. Besides proteins, several mRNA, miRNA, and lipids are exported to the ECM by bone cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Recent evidence suggests that several of the functional components in the cargo could regulate processes of bone formation, inhibit osteoclast activity, and promote fracture repair. Exosomes are powerful cellular molecular machines produced without human intervention and packaged with physiological cargo that could be utilized for molecular therapy in several skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and fracture healing. Although much work has been done, there is a lot of information that is still unknown, as exosomes contain a multitude of molecules whose identity and function have yet to be identified.
Topics: Animals; Bone Matrix; Bone Regeneration; Exosomes; Humans; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 29372401
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0419-y -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021Although the anti-tumor and anti-infective properties of β-glucans have been well-discussed, their role in bone metabolism has not been reviewed so far. This review... (Review)
Review
Although the anti-tumor and anti-infective properties of β-glucans have been well-discussed, their role in bone metabolism has not been reviewed so far. This review discusses the biological effects of β-glucans on bone metabolisms, especially on bone-resorbing osteoclasts, which are differentiated from hematopoietic precursors. Multiple immunoreceptors that can recognize β-glucans were reported to be expressed in osteoclast precursors. Coordinated co-stimulatory signals mediated by these immunoreceptors are important for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. Curdlan from the bacterium negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation in vitro by affecting both the osteoclast precursors and osteoclast-supporting cells. We also showed that laminarin, lichenan, and glucan from baker's yeast, as well as β-1,3-glucan from inhibit the osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells. Consistent with these findings, systemic and local administration of β-glucan derived from and suppressed bone resorption in vivo. However, zymosan derived from stimulated the bone resorption activity and is widely used to induce arthritis in animal models. Additional research concerning the relationship between the molecular structure of β-glucan and its effect on osteoclastic bone resorption will be beneficial for the development of novel treatment strategies for bone-related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Bone Resorption; Bone and Bones; Cartilage; Cell Differentiation; Glucans; Humans; Immunomodulation; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Receptors, Immunologic
PubMed: 33915775
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071982