-
Nutrients May 2021Reduced physical activity (PA), smoking, and coffee and alcohol drinking constitute risk factors of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The...
Reduced physical activity (PA), smoking, and coffee and alcohol drinking constitute risk factors of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the study was to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) and frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with IBD and their correlation with PA, smoking, coffee, and alcohol. The study group consisted of 208 patients with IBD-103 with Crohn's disease (CD), 105 suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC). Densitometric measurements were performed using the DXA. All patients completed a questionnaire concerning PA, smoking, and coffee and alcohol consumption. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis (L2-L4) in the IBD group was 48.1%; in the CD group, it amounted to 48.6%, and in the UC group, the prevalence was equal to 33.3%. Patients with CD who were diagnosed with osteopenia and osteoporosis demonstrated reduced PA compared to patients with a normal BMD who exercised regularly ( = 0.0335). A similar observation was made in the group of women with IBD. Women with a normal BMD exercised significantly more often than women suffering from osteopenia and osteoporosis ( = 0.0146). However, no differences in BMD were observed with regard to coffee use, alcohol consumption, or smoking. Thus, since the incidence of osteoporosis in IBD patients is high, it may be dependent on PA.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Life Style; Male; Osteoporosis; Poland; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34070791
DOI: 10.3390/nu13061863 -
The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology... Jul 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adult patients with celiac disease (CD) at diagnosis and/or in the follow-up after...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adult patients with celiac disease (CD) at diagnosis and/or in the follow-up after a gluten-free diet (GFD).
METHODS
Adult patients diagnosed with CD were retrospectively screened through follow-up records and computer databases. Patients assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at diagnosis and/or in the follow-up after a GFD were included in the study.
RESULTS
One hundred patients who underwent a DEXA scan at least once after diagnosis or after being on a GFD were included in the study. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 34.61 ± 10.3 years, and 84% of the patients (n = 84) were female. At the time of diagnosis (n = 46), the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 67.3% and 15.2%, respectively, at the lumbar spine, and 43.4% and 10.8%, respectively, at the femur. After a GFD (n = 78), the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 61.5% and 8.9%, respectively, at the lumbar spine, and 37.1% and 2.5%, respectively, at the femur.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of CD patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) is high after diagnosis and in the follow-up after a GFD. It is important for all patients with CD to undergo a DEXA scan to determine the follow-up and/or treatment characteristics.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Turkey; Young Adult
PubMed: 34464324
DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2021.20313 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul,... Dec 2021In South Korea, women aged 66 years are eligible for complimentary bone mineral density (BMD) screening via the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages. We...
BACKGROUND
In South Korea, women aged 66 years are eligible for complimentary bone mineral density (BMD) screening via the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages. We aimed to evaluate the 10-year fracture risk in women receiving BMD screening between January 2008 and December 2015.
METHODS
BMD was classified as normal (T-score ≥-1.0 standard deviation [SD]), osteopenia (T-score <-1.0 SD and >-2.5 SD), and osteoporosis (T score ≤-2.5 SD) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Follow-up continued from the screening date until a diagnosis for clinical fragility fracture (including sites of the vertebrae, hip, pelvis, clavicle, humerus, forearm, wrist, lower leg, and ankle), censored at the earliest date of trauma, death, or December 2017; fracture was ascertained using diagnostic codes from the National Health Insurance Service database. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of fracture in women with osteopenia or osteoporosis relative to women with normal BMD.
RESULTS
Among the 271,197 women screened, 44.0% had osteopenia and 35.2% had osteoporosis. The 10 year cumulative incidence of fragility fractures was 31.1%, 37.5%, and 44.3% in women with normal BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis, respectively. Fracture risk was higher in women with osteopenia (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.34) and osteoporosis (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.64 to 1.72) than in women with normal BMD.
CONCLUSION
Women with osteopenia and women with osteoporosis, identified by the national BMD screening program, demonstrated a substantially elevated risk of fracture.
Topics: Aged; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteoporosis; Postmenopause
PubMed: 34915604
DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2021.1215 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2019The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis has not been sufficiently studied in people with bronchiectasis not due to cystic fibrosis (BC), nor has its relationship with...
The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis has not been sufficiently studied in people with bronchiectasis not due to cystic fibrosis (BC), nor has its relationship with other variables (clinical, body composition and bone turnover and inflammation markers) been sufficiently studied. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and related factors in patients with BC. We did a cross-sectional study in people with BC in a clinically stable state. Spirometric parameters, annual exacerbations and analysis with bone turnover markers (BTM) and inflammation markers were evaluated. Densitometry (DXA) was performed for body composition, bone mineral density (BMD) and handgrip strength. 123 patients were studied (65% women, mean age 49.6 ± 18.8, Body Mass Index (BMI) 24.8 ± 4.7 kg/m). 62.8% and 62.5% of men and women, respectively, had normal bone mineral density, 30.2% and 22.2% osteopenia and 7% and 15% osteoporosis. 52 patients (56.2%) had low fat-free mass: 68.9% women and 28.6% men. Patients with decreased bone mass had significantly lower muscle strength, maximum expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%), vitamin D, higher levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and total osteocalcin and underarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC). We observed significant and negative correlations between BMD and the number of serious exacerbations per year CTX and undercarboxylated osteocalcin. We observed significant positive correlations between BMD, fat free mass index (FFMI) and handgrip dynamometry. The study suggest that the prevalence of osteoporosis was high in relation to the demographic characteristics. Respiratory parameters, body composition, muscle strength and bone remodeling markers were associated with a lower bone mineral density.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Body Composition; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Remodeling; Bronchiectasis; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 31601899
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51069-0 -
Endocrine Reviews Dec 2018Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disease characterized by a low-weight state due to self-induced starvation. This disorder, which predominantly affects women, is... (Review)
Review
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disease characterized by a low-weight state due to self-induced starvation. This disorder, which predominantly affects women, is associated with hormonal adaptations that minimize energy expenditure in the setting of low nutrient intake. These adaptations include GH resistance, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Although these adaptations may be beneficial to short-term survival, they contribute to the significant and often persistent morbidity associated with this disorder, including bone loss, which affects >85% of women. We review the hormonal adaptions to undernutrition, review hormonal treatments that have been studied for both the underlying disorder as well as for the associated decreased bone mass, and discuss the important challenges that remain, including the lack of long-term treatments for bone loss in this chronic disorder and the fact that despite recovery, many individuals who experience bone loss as adolescents have chronic deficits and an increased risk of fracture in adulthood.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Humans
PubMed: 30165608
DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00063 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Nov 2018
Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ossification, Heterotopic; Skin Diseases, Genetic
PubMed: 30311525
DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.9.1125 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Bone health starts with maternal health and nutrition, which influences bone mass and density already in utero. The mechanisms underlying the effect of the intrauterine... (Review)
Review
Bone health starts with maternal health and nutrition, which influences bone mass and density already in utero. The mechanisms underlying the effect of the intrauterine environment on bone health are partly unknown but certainly include the 'foetal programming' of oxidative stress and endocrine systems, which influence later skeletal growth and development. With this narrative review, we describe the current evidence for identifying patients with risk factors for developing osteopenia, today's management of these populations, and screening and prevention programs based on gestational age, weight, and morbidity. Challenges for bone health prevention include the need for new technologies that are specific and applicable to pregnant women, the foetus, and, later, the newborn. Radiofrequency ultrasound spectrometry (REMS) has proven to be a useful tool in the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) in pregnant women. Few studies have reported that transmission ultrasound can also be used to assess BMD in newborns. The advantages of this technology in the foetus and newborn are the absence of ionising radiation, ease of use, and, above all, the possibility of performing longitudinal studies from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The use of these technologies already in the intrauterine period could help prevent associated diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteopenia, which are characterised by a reduction in bone mass and degeneration of bone structure and lead to an increased risk of fractures in adulthood with considerable social repercussions for the related direct and indirect costs.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Osteoporosis; Risk Factors; Vitamins
PubMed: 37630705
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163515 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023As more accurate diagnostic tools and targeted therapies become increasingly available for pediatric metabolic bone diseases, affected children have a better prognosis... (Review)
Review
As more accurate diagnostic tools and targeted therapies become increasingly available for pediatric metabolic bone diseases, affected children have a better prognosis and significantly longer lifespan. With this potential for fulfilling lives as adults comes the need for dedicated transition and intentional care of these patients as adults. Much work has gone into improving the transitions of medically fragile children into adulthood, encompassing endocrinologic conditions like type 1 diabetes mellitus and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. However, there are gaps in the literature regarding similar guidance concerning metabolic bone conditions. This article intends to provide a brief review of research and guidelines for transitions of care more generally, followed by a more detailed treatment of bone disorders specifically. Considerations for such transitions include final adult height, fertility, fetal risk, heritability, and access to appropriately identified specialists. A nutrient-dense diet, optimal mobility, and adequate vitamin D stores are protective factors for these conditions. Primary bone disorders include hypophosphatasia, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Metabolic bone disease can also develop secondarily as a sequela of such diverse exposures as hypogonadism, a history of eating disorder, and cancer treatment. This article synthesizes research by experts of these specific disorders to describe what is known in this field of transition medicine for metabolic bone diseases as well as unanswered questions. The long-term objective is to develop and implement strategies for successful transitions for all patients affected by these various conditions.
Topics: Humans; Child; Young Adult; Pregnancy; Female; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets; Bone and Bones; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37008909
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137976 -
Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in elderly patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty.Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Dec 2022Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity in elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and may increase perioperative complications in orthopedic surgery (e.g., component...
INTRODUCTION
Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity in elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and may increase perioperative complications in orthopedic surgery (e.g., component migration, periprosthetic fractures). As there is no investigation of bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly patients prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Europe, we investigated this issue with a particular focus on a potential treatment gap.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We assessed the BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 109 consecutive elderly patients (age ≥ 70 years) scheduled for TKA. In addition to a detailed assessment of osteoporosis and osteopenia, the influence of clinical risk factors and radiological OA severity on BMD was evaluated using group comparisons and linear regression models. In addition, we analyzed differences in BMD between patients scheduled for TKA vs. total hip arthroplasty (THA).
RESULTS
Of the included 109 patients, 19 patients (17.4%) were diagnosed with osteoporosis and 50 (45.9%) with osteopenia. In the osteoporotic patients, a clinically relevant underdiagnosis concomitant with a serious treatment gap was observed in 95.0% of the patients. Body mass index, OA grade, and glucocorticoid use were identified as independent factors associated with BMD. No differences in BMD were found between the patients scheduled for TKA vs. THA.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in elderly patients, DXA screening should be recommended for patients ≥ 70 years indicated for TKA.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Prevalence; Glucocorticoids; Osteoporosis; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Density; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 34919186
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04297-x -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2018Calcium is vital for the functioning of the inner ear hair cells as well as for the neurotransmitter release that triggers the generation of a nerve impulse. A reduction...
INTRODUCTION
Calcium is vital for the functioning of the inner ear hair cells as well as for the neurotransmitter release that triggers the generation of a nerve impulse. A reduction in calcium level could therefore impair the peripheric vestibular functioning. However, the outcome of balance assessment has rarely been explored in cases with osteopenia and osteoporosis, the medical conditions associated with reduction in calcium levels.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of osteopenia and osteoporosis on the outcomes of behavioural and objective vestibular assessment tests.
METHODS
The study included 12 individuals each in the healthy control group and osteopenia group, and 11 individuals were included in the osteoporosis group. The groups were divided based on the findings of bone mineral density. All the participants underwent behavioural tests (Fukuda stepping, tandem gait and subjective visual vertical) and objective assessment using cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.
RESULTS
A significantly higher proportion of the individuals in the two clinical groups' demonstrated abnormal results on the behavioural balance assessment tests (p<0.05) than the control group. However, there was no significant difference in latencies or amplitude of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and oVEMP between the groups. The proportion of individuals with absence of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential was significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than the other two groups (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The findings of the present study confirm the presence of balance-related deficits in individuals with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Hence the clinical evaluations should include balance assessment as a mandatory aspect of the overall audiological assessment of individuals with osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Female; Gait; Hearing Tests; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Postural Balance; Preliminary Data; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials; Vestibule, Labyrinth
PubMed: 29030130
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.08.013