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The Libyan Journal of Medicine Dec 2023Disc degeneration (DD) is a common cause of low back pain, which represents one of the most widespread public health problems in the world. Therefore, the establishment...
PURPOSE
Disc degeneration (DD) is a common cause of low back pain, which represents one of the most widespread public health problems in the world. Therefore, the establishment of a reproducible animal model is indispensable to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of DD and to test new therapeutic strategies. From this perspective, the fundamental objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of ovariectomy in establishing a new animal model of DD in rats.
METHODS
36 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of 9 rats: Group 1: Negative control (Sham): Only an abdominal skin incision and sutures were performed. Group 2: Ovariectomy (OVX): Removal of two ovaries through a transverse incision in the middle of the abdomen. Group 3: Puncture (Punct): Puncture of lumbar intervertebral discs (L3/4, L4/5, and L5/6) by a 21 G needle. Group 4: Puncture+ovariectomy (Punct+OVX): Removal of two ovaries and puncture of L3/4, L4/5, and L5/6 discs. The rats were euthanized 1, 3, and 6 weeks post-surgery, and the discs were harvested. Validity was assessed by radiography, histology, and biochemistry (water content).
RESULTS
Disc height, water content, and histologic score decreased significantly in the last 3 groups and at all three-time points ( < 0.05). DD progressed over time in the Punct and Punct+OVX groups ( < 0.05). The changes were more severe in the Punct+OVX group compared to the Punct group and the OVX group.
CONCLUSION
The combination of puncture and ovariectomy induced rapid and progressive DD in the lumbar discs of rats without spontaneous recovery.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Female; Animals; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Disease Models, Animal; Intervertebral Disc; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 37192334
DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2212481 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Mar 2021To compare intraoperative and short-term postoperative variables pertaining to laparoscopic ovariectomy (LapOVE) and open ovariectomy (OVE) in rabbits ().
OBJECTIVE
To compare intraoperative and short-term postoperative variables pertaining to laparoscopic ovariectomy (LapOVE) and open ovariectomy (OVE) in rabbits ().
ANIMALS
Twelve 4- to 5-month-old female New Zealand White rabbits.
PROCEDURES
Rabbits were randomly assigned to undergo LapOVE (n = 6) or OVE (6), with a vessel-sealing device used to seal and transect the ovarian pedicles. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed with a 3-port approach. Variables were measured during surgery (surgery and anesthesia times and incision lengths) and for up to 7 days after surgery (food consumption, feces production, body weight, vital parameters, blood glucose and cortisol concentrations, abdominal palpation findings, facial grimace scale scores, and ethograms).
RESULTS
Mean surgery (43.2 vs 21.7 minutes) and anesthesia (76.2 vs 48.8 minutes) times were longer and mean incision length was shorter (24.0 vs 41.5 mm) for LapOVE versus OVE. No significant differences in postoperative variables were identified between groups. During LapOVE, small intestinal perforation occurred in 1 rabbit, which was then euthanized. Postoperative complications for the remaining rabbits included superficial incisional dehiscence (LapOVE, 1/5; OVE, 2/6), subcutaneous emphysema (LapOVE, 1/5; OVE, 0/6), and seroma formation (LapOVE, 1/5; OVE, 0/6).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Surgery time for LapOVE was twice that of OVE, and LapOVE resulted in unique complications in rabbits. No evidence of a reduction in pain or faster return to baseline physiologic status was found for LapOVE. Further evaluation of LapOVE in rabbits is warranted, with modification to techniques used in this study or a larger sample size.
Topics: Animals; Female; Hysterectomy; Laparoscopy; Ovariectomy; Ovary; Rabbits; Surgical Instruments
PubMed: 33629896
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.3.237 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease with a rapidly increasing prevalence, characterized by massive bone loss because of excessive osteoclast formation....
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease with a rapidly increasing prevalence, characterized by massive bone loss because of excessive osteoclast formation. Gallic acid (GA), a phenolic acid isolated from , has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, but its effect on osteoclast formation has not been confirmed. In our study, we demonstrated that GA significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and function of osteoclast in bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. For molecular mechanisms, GA repressed osteoclastogenesis by blocking Akt, ERK, and JNK pathways, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis-related marker expression, including nuclear factor of the activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, and cathepsin K (CTSK). In addition, we further assessed the effect of GA in an ovariectomized mouse model, which indicated that GA has a notable effect on preventing bone loss. In conclusion, GA exerts notable effects in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and preventing ovariectomy-induced bone loss, suggesting that GA is a potential agent in osteoporosis treatment.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Female; Humans; Osteogenesis; Gallic Acid; NFATC Transcription Factors; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 36601012
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.963237 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) May 2024Arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular risk factor and dramatically increases as women transition through menopause. The current study assessed whether a mouse model of...
BACKGROUND
Arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular risk factor and dramatically increases as women transition through menopause. The current study assessed whether a mouse model of menopause increases arterial stiffness in a similar manner to aging and whether activation of the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor could reverse stiffness.
METHODS
Female C57Bl/6J mice were ovariectomized at 10 weeks of age or aged to 52 weeks, and some mice were treated with G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonists.
RESULTS
Ovariectomy and aging increased pulse wave velocity to a similar extent independent of changes in blood pressure. Aging increased carotid wall thickness, while ovariectomy increased material stiffness without altering vascular geometry. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that ovariectomy downregulated smooth muscle contractile genes. The enantiomerically pure G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist, LNS8801, reversed stiffness in ovariectomy mice to a greater degree than the racemic agonist G-1. In summary, ovariectomy and aging induced arterial stiffening via potentially different mechanisms. Aging was associated with inward remodeling, while ovariectomy-induced material stiffness independent of geometry and a loss of the contractile phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS
This study enhances our understanding of the impact of estrogen loss on vascular health in a murine model and warrants further studies to examine the ability of LNS8801 to improve vascular health in menopausal women.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Aging; Carotid Arteries; Estrogens; GTP-Binding Proteins; Ovariectomy; Pulse Wave Analysis; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 38445498
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22024 -
STAR Protocols Mar 2024Ovariectomy, involving the surgical removal of ovaries, and estradiol replacement facilitate the understanding of sexual dimorphism-related physiological changes,...
Ovariectomy, involving the surgical removal of ovaries, and estradiol replacement facilitate the understanding of sexual dimorphism-related physiological changes, encompassing reproductive biology, metabolism, and hormone-related diseases. In this study, we present a protocol for conducting ovariectomy and estradiol replacement in mice. We describe steps for performing sham and ovariectomy operations, outline preoperative preparations, and provide details on postoperative care, including analgesia administration and the removal of surgical clips. Additionally, we elaborate on the procedures for performing vehicle and estradiol injections. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Luengo-Mateos et al..
Topics: Female; Humans; Mice; Animals; Estradiol; Ovariectomy; Ovary
PubMed: 38416648
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102910 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jan 2019OBJECTIVE To describe a minimally invasive 3-portal laparoscopic approach for elective ovariohysterectomy and the outcome of that procedure in a population of goats....
OBJECTIVE To describe a minimally invasive 3-portal laparoscopic approach for elective ovariohysterectomy and the outcome of that procedure in a population of goats. DESIGN Descriptive clinical study. ANIMALS 16 healthy client-owned goats. PROCEDURES Food but not water was withheld from all goats for 24 hours before the procedure. Goats were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency. Three laparoscopic portals were created in the caudoventral portion of the abdomen, and the abdomen was insufflated to a maximum pressure of 10 mm Hg. A blunt-tip vessel sealer and divider device was used to transect the left and right mesovarium and mesometrium and uterus, and the resected tissue was removed from the abdomen. After hemostasis was verified, the portals were closed in a routine manner and anesthesia was discontinued. Goats were discharged from the hospital 24 hours after the procedure, and owners were contacted by telephone or email to obtain short- and long-term follow-up information by use of standardized questions. RESULTS All procedures were performed by a surgeon and assistant surgeon. The procedure was not complex and was easily learned. No intraoperative complications were reported, and only 1 goat required rescue analgesia post-operatively. No other postoperative complications were recorded. Median surgery time was 43 minutes (range, 20 to 65 minutes). All owners were satisfied with the outcome of the procedure, and several perceived that the procedure improved goat behavior. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy was a viable alternative for elective sterilization of female goats.
Topics: Animals; Female; Aggression; Behavior, Animal; Goats; Hysterectomy; Lactation; Laparoscopy; Neoplasms; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 30605389
DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.2.275 -
Behavioural Brain Research Nov 2011Symptoms of anxiety and depression often occur in young women after complete hysterectomy and in older women during menopause. There are many variables that are hard to...
Symptoms of anxiety and depression often occur in young women after complete hysterectomy and in older women during menopause. There are many variables that are hard to control in human population studies, but that are absent to a large extent in stable nonhuman primate troops. However, macaques exhibit depressive and anxious behaviors in response to similar situations as humans such as isolation, stress, instability or aggression. Therefore, we hypothesized that examination of behavior in ovariectomized individuals in a stable macaque troop organized along matriarchal lineages and in which individuals have social support from extended family, would reveal effects that were due to the withdrawal of ovarian steroids without many of the confounds of human society. We also tested the hypothesis that ovariectomy would elicit and increase anxious behavior in a stressful situation such as brief exposure to single caging. Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) were ovariectomized (Ovx) or tubal-ligated (intact controls) at 3 years of age and allowed to mature for 3 years in a stable troop of approximately 300 individuals. Behaviors were recorded in the outdoor corral in the third year followed by individual temperament tests in single cages. There was no obvious difference in anxiety-related behaviors such as scratching between Ovx and tubal-ligated animals in the corral. Nonetheless, compared to tubal-ligated animals, Ovx animals exhibited a significant decrease in (1) positive social behavior, (2) initiating dominance behavior, (3) time receiving grooming, (4) locomoting, (5) mounting behavior, and in (6) consort behavior. However, Ovx females exhibited a significant increase in (1) consummatory behavior and (2) object play compared to tubal-ligated controls. In the individual temperament tests, Ovx individuals exhibited an increase in anxiety-related behaviors. There was no difference in adrenal weight/body weight suggesting that neither group was under chronic stress. These data indicate that ovarian hormones enable females to successfully navigate their social situation and may reduce anxiety in novel situations.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic; Humans; Locomotion; Macaca fascicularis; Ovariectomy; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Statistics, Nonparametric; Stereotyped Behavior; Temperament; Vocalization, Animal
PubMed: 21835209
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.07.046 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Aug 2020The trend in laparoscopy is to develop easy and rapid techniques associated with reduced intraoperative complications and decreased postoperative pain. The aim of this... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Combined laparoscopic ovariectomy and laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy versus combined laparoscopic ovariectomy and total laparoscopic gastropexy: A comparison of surgical time, complications and postoperative pain in dogs.
The trend in laparoscopy is to develop easy and rapid techniques associated with reduced intraoperative complications and decreased postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to compare combined laparoscopic ovariectomy (OIE) and laparoscopic-assisted incisional gastropexy (LAG) with combined laparoscopic OIE and total laparoscopic gastropexy (TLG) for surgical time, incidence of complications and postoperative pain. Twenty-eight female dogs were randomly assigned to the LAG group (n = 14) or the TLG group (n = 14). All laparoscopic procedures were performed using a three-port technique. The gastropexy was located 3 cm caudal to the 13th rib and 4 cm lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle. Surgical time (minutes [min]), intraoperative complications and postoperative complications were recorded. The Glasgow pain score (GPS) (short form) was calculated before surgery and at 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hr after extubation. Surgical time was significantly longer in the TLG group (48 ± 2 min) compared with the LAG group (39 ± 2 min). Minor postoperative complications occurred in both groups and included swelling (n = 2) and subcutaneous emphysema (n = 1). No significant differences regarding the GPS were recorded between groups. The GPS was significantly higher in both groups at 1 hr and 6 hr than before surgery. Two dogs in each group required rescue analgesia. Combined laparoscopic OIE and TLG require more time to perform than combined laparoscopic OIE and LAG. Neither procedure results in significant surgical complications. Postoperative pain for 24 hr was mild and comparable in both groups.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Gastropexy; Incidence; Laparoscopy; Operative Time; Ovariectomy; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 32017474
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.249 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Oct 2021A case series was selected retrospectively to evaluate the technique, outcome, and short-term complications associated with a combined laparoscopic ovariectomy (Lap OVX)...
A case series was selected retrospectively to evaluate the technique, outcome, and short-term complications associated with a combined laparoscopic ovariectomy (Lap OVX) and laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy (LAG) using a 2-port technique, and to compare it with previously published combined laparoscopic techniques for Lap OVX and LAG in dogs. Medical records of dogs undergoing elective, combined Lap OVX and LAG performed using a 2-port technique between 2017 and 2019 were reviewed. Total surgical time was compared to previously published combined Lap OVX and LAG techniques in dogs. Intraoperative and short-term complications were recorded. Ten dogs [median weight: 29.4 kg (range: 11.4 to 84.1 kg); mean: 37.4] met the inclusion criteria. Median surgical time to complete both the Lap OVX and LAG was 72.5 minutes (range: 47.0 to 120.0 minutes; mean: 77.4 minutes), which was not significantly different than that described in previous studies of combined Lap OVX and LAG (weighted mean average: 67.3 minutes; 95% confidence interval: 46.9 to 87.7, = 0.3). No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported. It is concluded that a 2-port technique for combined Lap OVX and LAG is feasible, has few complications, and requires similar time to perform compared to other previously published laparoscopic techniques.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Gastropexy; Laparoscopy; Ovariectomy; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34602641
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Mar 2022The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of fentanyl patches versus subcutaneous tramadol after canine ovariectomy, with and...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of fentanyl patches versus subcutaneous tramadol after canine ovariectomy, with and without unilateral mastectomy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 40 female dogs were included in the present study, all of which were domesticated, healthy and 4-12 years of age. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) based on the surgery and the analgesic protocol used: the TO group only underwent ovariectomy, and received postoperative tramadol; the TM group underwent both ovariectomy and mastectomy, and received postoperative tramadol; the FO group only underwent ovariectomy, and received fentanyl patches; and the FM group underwent both ovariectomy and mastectomy, and received fentanyl patches. Postoperative pain was evaluated every 4 h for 24 h using a numeric analogue scale (NAS) and a modified Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale Short Form (CMPS-SF).
RESULTS
The results of the present study showed that patients in all four groups tolerated postoperative surgical stress well. Analysis of variance for repeated measures did not show significant differences in the NAS scores and in Glasgow CMPS-SF between groups in terms of pain scores or rescue analgesia.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
These results indicated that the analgesic effect of the fentanyl patch was similar to that of subcutaneous (SC) tramadol in female dogs after ovariectomy, with and without unilateral mastectomy, suggesting that the fentanyl patch may represent a valid supplementary tool for the control of postoperative pain in animals after surgery.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Fentanyl; Male; Mastectomy; Ovariectomy; Pain, Postoperative; Tramadol
PubMed: 34953046
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.691