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BMC Women's Health Sep 2023This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of exercise interventions on body composition and quality of life in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of exercise interventions on body composition and quality of life in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors.
METHODS
Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases and assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's assessing risk tool. The effect size was pooled as weighted mean difference (WMD) for body composition variables (i.e., body mass index [BMI], body fat, body weight, fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral density) and quality of life (i.e., physical health and mental health), and the confidence interval (CI) was set as 95%. Since heterogeneity existed, subgroup analysis was conducted to detect the source of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Eight articles from six RCTs containing 548 overweight/obese breast cancer survivors (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) were included and analyzed. Compared to routine care, exercise intervention significantly decreased the body mass index [WMD (95% CI) = -1.37 (-2.50, -0.23) kg/m] and body fat [WMD (95% CI) = -3.80 (-6.59, -1.01) %] of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. Exercise intervention showed a tendency to increase physical health [WMD (95% CI) = 2.65 (-10.19, 15.48)] and mental health [WMD (95%CI) = 1.38 (-4.18, 6.95)], but no statistical significance was observed. A subgroup analysis showed the duration of intervention was a source of heterogeneity on body composition. In the 16-week subgroup, exercise intervention decreased fat mass and BMI while increased lean mass and bone mineral density. The 52-week exercise intervention was effective in increasing lean mass. A significant exercise intervention effect on reducing body fat was only detected in the 12-week subgroup.
CONCLUSION
Exercise intervention significantly decreased the body mass index and body fat of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. The benefits of exercise interventions for overweight/obese breast cancer survivors need more evidence from high-quality RCTs with large sample sizes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Overweight; Cancer Survivors; Breast Neoplasms; Obesity; Body Composition; Quality of Life; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 37700300
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02627-2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2021Tackling obesity among adolescents requires the optimization of existing obesity treatment strategies. For this purpose, social and personal circumstances, individual...
Tackling obesity among adolescents requires the optimization of existing obesity treatment strategies. For this purpose, social and personal circumstances, individual needs and behavior of therapy participants need to be analyzed to tailor aims, content and methods of therapy interventions to the target groups. A total of 432 obesity therapy participants between 11 and 17 years completed a written survey in a national multi-center study conducted in 2015. The data collection on behavior, in terms of physical activity, media use and sociodemographic variables, was based on questionnaires from the KiGGS, HBSC and JIM studies. The results show that participants were found to be physically active together with friends (75.5%), alone (41.4%) and in sports clubs (34.9%). Girls (OR 1.55) were less likely to participate in sports clubs. Social networks, especially YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook, were widely used. However, differences emerged among sociodemographic groups (e.g., boys vs. girls) regarding the use of social network features. A third of participants reported that smartphone apps regularly encouraged them to exercise. The findings imply that obesity therapy approaches need to be adapted and more differentiated according to the specific needs of the target groups.
Topics: Adolescent; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Social Networking; Sports
PubMed: 34203513
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136938 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Jan 2013An increasing number of children worldwide are overweight, and the first step in treating obesity is to identify overweight. However, do parents recognise overweight in... (Review)
Review
An increasing number of children worldwide are overweight, and the first step in treating obesity is to identify overweight. However, do parents recognise overweight in their child and which factors influence parental perception? The aim of the present review is to systematically study differences between parental perception and the actual weight status of children. Medline, EMbase, CINAHL and PsychINFO were searched. After screening 2497 abstracts and 106 full texts, two reviewers independently scored the methodological quality of 51 articles (covering 35 103 children), which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome parameters were sensitivity and specificity of parental perception for actual weight status of their child. The methodological quality of the studies ranged from poor to excellent. Pooled results showed that according to objective criteria 11 530 children were overweight; of these, 7191 (62.4%) were incorrectly perceived as having normal weight by their parents. The misperception of overweight children is higher in parents with children aged 2-6 years compared with parents of older children. Sensitivity (correct perception of overweight) of the studies ranged from 0.04 to 0.89, while specificity (correct perception of normal weight) ranged from 0.86 to 1.00. There were no significant differences in sensitivity or specificity for different cut-off points for overweight, or between newer and older studies. Therefore we can conclude that parents are likely to misperceive the weight status of their overweight child, especially in children aged 2-6 years. Because appropriate treatment starts with the correct perception of overweight, health care professionals should be aware of the frequent parental misperception of the overweight status of their children.
Topics: Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Overweight; Parents; Perception
PubMed: 23020552
DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00462.x -
BMC Pediatrics Jun 2022There is limited information on the association of parental weight change with overweight and obesity in offspring. This study aimed to investigate the association...
BACKGROUND
There is limited information on the association of parental weight change with overweight and obesity in offspring. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental weight change and incident overweight and obesity in offspring.
METHODS
This longitudinal cohort study included 2,963 parent-offspring trios who participated in at least two waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. The children without overweight and obesity defined by the International Obesity Task Force were included at the initial survey. Parental overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m.
RESULTS
The incidence of overweight and obesity in offspring was 5.8% during a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. Paternal and maternal overweight and obesity at baseline were associated with this condition in offspring at follow-up (both P < 0.05). Compared with the persistent normal group, the persistent overweight and obesity group and incident overweight and obesity group (normal weight to overweight and obesity), but not the reversion group (overweight and obesity to normal weight), were more likely to report overweight and obesity in offspring at follow-up, regardless of father's or mother's condition. Additionally, compared with offspring whose both parents remained normal weight, those whose both parents changed from overweight and obesity to normal weight or whose one parent changed from overweight and obesity to normal weight while the other remained normal weight had no higher risks of overweight and obesity.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the importance of parental weight management in the prevention of overweight/obesity in offspring.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Child; Fathers; Humans; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Parents; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35672684
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03399-8 -
Seminars in Reproductive Medicine Jul 2023Obesity has been associated with a multitude of medical comorbidities, infertility, and adverse obstetric outcomes. Weight stigma and weight bias pervade not only the... (Review)
Review
Obesity has been associated with a multitude of medical comorbidities, infertility, and adverse obstetric outcomes. Weight stigma and weight bias pervade not only the medical field but also education, employment, and activities of daily living. The experience of weight stigma has been shown to adversely impact not only the mental health of individuals with overweight or obesity but also worsen obesogenic behaviors, and medical comorbidities. This review frames the rise of weight stigma and weight bias within the context of the "obesity epidemic" and explores its associations with infertility and decreased access to health care and its subsequent impact on the lives of individuals. Furthermore, it explores the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic weight stigma/bias and highlights the need for further examination and research into the impact of these factors on access to reproductive medicine and subsequent outcomes.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Weight Prejudice; Activities of Daily Living; Obesity; Overweight; Reproductive Medicine; Infertility; Body Weight
PubMed: 37992727
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777016 -
Nutrients Jul 2023(1) Objective: To review the scientific literature on the impact of interventions to enhance the occupational health of health-care workers with overnutrition. (2)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
(1) Objective: To review the scientific literature on the impact of interventions to enhance the occupational health of health-care workers with overnutrition. (2) Methods: Scoping review with meta-analysis. Data were obtained by consulting the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), and Medicina en Español (MEDES). The terms used as descriptors and as text in the title and abstract fields of the records were "health workers", "overnutrition", and "occupational health", using the filters "human", "adult": 19+ years", and "clinical trial". The search update date was January 2023. The documentary quality of the articles was evaluated using the CONSORT questionnaire and the presence of bias was assessed using the Rob 2.0 tool. (3) Results: From the 611 digitally retrieved references, 17 clinical trials were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. CONSORT scores ranged from a minimum of 14.6% to a maximum of 91.7%, with a median of 68.8%. According to the SIGN criteria, this review provided "1" evidence with a grade B recommendation. Six different types of intervention were tested, grouped into strategies ranging from a single intervention to a combination of four interventions. The summary effect of the meta-analysis showed significant weight loss, but no association with reduced body mass index. (4) Conclusions: While workplace interventions have been shown to be potentially effective, and strategies using different types of interventions have been proven to be useful in tackling overnutrition, an effective and sustainable solution for changing the behavior of health professionals to tackle overweight and obesity has yet to be identified.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Health Personnel; Body Mass Index; Occupational Health
PubMed: 37571353
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153416 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Apr 2022Most contemporary Western cultures are characterized by fatphobia. The fat body is seen as morally incorrect, a sign of disease, loss of control and weakness. People...
Most contemporary Western cultures are characterized by fatphobia. The fat body is seen as morally incorrect, a sign of disease, loss of control and weakness. People with obesity and overweight, especially women, are discriminated against and stigmatized for their body size, including by health professionals like dietitians. This study sought to understand and compare social representations of obesity and overweight among dietitians and laywomen from three nationalities: Brazilian, French and Spanish. A qualitative and comparative methodology was established based on 131 semi-structured individual interviews. The analysis revealed that the categories of overweight and obesity were negatively perceived by laywomen and dietitians from all three nationalities. Moral discourses linking these conditions with lack of discipline and a lack of emotional control were frequently used. Fatness was associated with irrationality, putting individuals who were overweight and obese in a position of social and moral inferiority. In the case of obesity, these ideas were more discriminatory and stigmatizing. Although environmental, genetic, hereditary or metabolic causes were mentioned as factors causing obesity, behavioural aspects occupied a central place in the discourses. Differences were also observed among the three nationalities. Cultural factors related to the relationship with body and food seemed to influence the interviewees' social representations. Brazilian laywomen and dietitians put more emphasis on moral and individual aspects. Spanish, French and informants who were overweight were more likely to cite physiological and environmental determinants. French informants also mentioned the role of food education given by parents. In conclusion, the discourses of professionals and laywomen had more similarities than differences, were based on moral and normative judgements and influenced by sociocultural norms. Fatphobic attitudes may impact dietitians' perception of patients with obesity and the eating education process.
Topics: Brazil; Female; Food; Humans; Nutritionists; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 35228094
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114861 -
Nutrition, Metabolism, and... Mar 2024To investigate the prevalence of metabolically healthy overweight/obesity and to study its longitudinal association with major adverse cardiovascular and renal events...
AIMS
To investigate the prevalence of metabolically healthy overweight/obesity and to study its longitudinal association with major adverse cardiovascular and renal events (MARCE).
METHODS AND RESULTS
The study was conducted in 1210 young-to-middle-age subjects grouped according to their BMI and metabolic status. The risk of MARCE was evaluated during 17.4 years of follow-up. Forty-eight-percent of the participants had normal weight, 41.9% had overweight, and 9.3% had obesity. Metabolically healthy status was found in 31.1% of subjects with normal weight and in 20.0% of those with overweight/obesity. During the follow-up, there were 108 MARCE. In multivariate Cox analysis adjusted for confounders and risk factors, no association was found between MARCE and overweight/obesity (p = 0.49). In contrast, metabolic status considered as a two-class variable (0 versus at least one metabolic abnormality) was a significant predictor of MARCE (HR, 2.11; 95%CI, 1.21-3.70, p = 0.009). Exclusion of atrial fibrillation from MARCE (N = 87) provided similar results (HR, 2.11; 95%CI, 1.07-4.16, p = 0.030). Inclusion of average 24 h BP in the regression model attenuated the strength of the associations. Compared to the group with healthy metabolic status, the metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity participants had an increased risk of MARCE with an adjusted HR of 2.33 (95%CI, 1.05-5.19, p = 0.038). Among the metabolically healthy individuals, the CV risk did not differ according to BMI group (p = 0.53).
CONCLUSION
The present data show that the risk of MARCE is not increased in young metabolically healthy overweight/obesity suggesting that the clinical approach to people with high BMI should focus on parameters of metabolic health rather than on BMI.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Overweight; Prevalence; Cardiovascular System; Obesity; Atrial Fibrillation; Obesity, Metabolically Benign
PubMed: 38228410
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.11.013 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria 2013Nutrition, physical activity and behavior-modifying techniques are widely applied components of interventions treating obesity. Our aim was to review available... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Nutrition, physical activity and behavior-modifying techniques are widely applied components of interventions treating obesity. Our aim was to review available information on the short and long term effects of intervention treatment on body fat composition of overweight and obese children and adolescents and, to obtain a further understanding on how different body composition techniques detect longitudinal changes. In total, thirteen papers were included; seven included a multidisciplinary intervention component, five applied a combined dietary and physical activity intervention and one a physical activity intervention. Body composition techniques used included anthropometric indices, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Percentage of fat mass change was calculated in when possible. Findings suggested, no changes were observed in fat free mass after 16 weeks of nutritional intervention and the lowest decrease on fat mass percentage was obtained. However, the highest fat mass percentage with parallel increase in fat free mass, both assess by DXA was observed in a multi-component intervention applied for 20 weeks. In conclusion, more studies are needed to determine the best field body composition method to monitor changes during overweight treatment in children and adolescents.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Obesity; Overweight; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 23808430
DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.1.6264 -
Pediatric Obesity Jan 2023Prevalence rates of child overweight and obesity for a group of children vary depending on the BMI reference and cut-off used. Previously we developed an algorithm to...
BACKGROUND
Prevalence rates of child overweight and obesity for a group of children vary depending on the BMI reference and cut-off used. Previously we developed an algorithm to convert prevalence rates based on one reference to those based on another.
OBJECTIVE
To improve the algorithm by combining information on overweight and obesity prevalence.
METHODS
The original algorithm assumed that prevalence according to two different cut-offs A and B differed by a constant amount on the z-score scale. However the results showed that the z-score difference tended to be greater in the upper tail of the distribution and was better represented by , where was a constant that varied by group. The improved algorithm uses paired prevalence rates of overweight and obesity to estimate for each group. Prevalence based on cut-off A is then transformed to a z-score, adjusted up or down according to and back-transformed, and this predicts prevalence based on cut-off B. The algorithm's performance was tested on 228 groups of children aged 6-17 years from 20 countries.
RESULTS
The revised algorithm performed much better than the original. The standard deviation (SD) of residuals, the difference between observed and predicted prevalence, was 0.8% (n = 2320 comparisons), while the SD of the difference between pairs of the original prevalence rates was 4.3%, meaning that the algorithm explained 96.7% of the baseline variance (88.2% with original algorithm).
CONCLUSIONS
The improved algorithm appears to be effective at harmonizing prevalence rates of child overweight and obesity based on different references.
Topics: Child; Humans; Overweight; Body Mass Index; Prevalence; Obesity; Algorithms
PubMed: 35997305
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12970