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Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Oct 2022Sleep impairment is reported to be a consequence of overweight and obesity. However, the weight-sleep relationship can alternately be explained by demographics (e.g....
PURPOSE
Sleep impairment is reported to be a consequence of overweight and obesity. However, the weight-sleep relationship can alternately be explained by demographics (e.g. age) and covariates (i.e. mood/affect and behaviour in overweight/obese people; e.g. night-eating). Thus, we examined the weight-sleep quality relationship after controlling for the effects of affect and common behaviour (i.e. night-eating, insufficient exercise, alcohol and electronic device use).
METHODS
Online questionnaires asked 161 overweight, obese or normal-weight participants about their sleep quality, night-eating, physical activity, alcohol use, electronic device use and anxiety and depression at T0 (baseline) and T1 (3 months later). Height and weight and waist and hip circumference were objectively measured at T0 and T1, and physical activity was assessed over 24 h (using actigraphy) at T0 and T1. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses evaluated whether the weight measures (i.e. body-mass-index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR] and obesity category [overweight/obese vs. normal-weight]) predicted sleep quality and its components at T0 and T1, after controlling demographics (at step 1) and covariates (affective distress and behaviour) at step 2, and entering weight measures at step 3; maximum 8 variables in the analyses.
RESULTS
High BMI predicted several aspects of sleep quality after taking into account co-existing behaviour, affect and demographics: sleep disturbances at T0 and lower sleep efficiency at T1. WHR and obesity category did not predict any aspects of sleep quality. Several co-existing behaviour were related to or predicted sleep quality score and aspects of sleep quality including night-eating, alcohol use and electronic device use and affective symptoms (i.e. anxiety, depression).
CONCLUSION
Results suggest that a person's weight may impact on their sleep quality above and beyond the effects of their co-existing behaviour and affect, although their co-existing behaviour and affect may also adversely impact on sleep quality.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Sleep; Sleep Quality; Waist-Hip Ratio
PubMed: 35790669
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01435-1 -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Jul 2023Social isolation and loneliness are growing public health concerns in adults with obesity and overweight. Social media-based interventions may be a promising approach.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Social isolation and loneliness are growing public health concerns in adults with obesity and overweight. Social media-based interventions may be a promising approach. This systematic review aims to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of social media-based interventions on weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat, energy intake and physical activity among adults with obesity and overweight and (2) explore potential covariates on treatment effect. Eight databases, namely, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus PsycINFO and ProQuest, were searched from inception until December 31, 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria evaluated the evidence quality. Twenty-eight randomised controlled trials were identified. Meta-analyses found that social media-based interventions had small-to-medium significant effects on weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass and daily steps. Subgroup analysis found greater effect in interventions without published protocol or not registered in trial registries than their counterparts. Meta-regression analysis showed that duration of intervention was a significant covariate. The certainty of evidence quality of all outcomes was very low or low. Social media-based interventions can be considered an adjunct intervention for weight management. Future trials with large sample sizes and follow-up assessment are needed.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Overweight; Social Media; Obesity; Exercise; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 37012428
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01304-6 -
BMC Pediatrics Sep 2022A lack of adequate dietary knowledge may result in poor health. The purpose of this study was to study the association between dietary knowledge and overweight/obesity...
BACKGROUND
A lack of adequate dietary knowledge may result in poor health. The purpose of this study was to study the association between dietary knowledge and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. METHOD: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2015 were used in this cross-sectional study. The dietary knowledge of children and adolescents was evaluated by the questionnaire in the database. The overweight and obesity status was evaluated by body mass index (BMI). Cluster analysis was performed to establish different groups based on dietary knowledge level. Logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 2,701 children and adolescents were finally selected. Cluster A (n = 837, 30.99%), Cluster B (n = 1,264, 46.80%) and Cluster C (n = 600, 22.21%) were high, medium and low dietary knowledge level, respectively. Participants with high dietary knowledge levels [OR = 0.56 (95%CI: 1.40-0.78)] may be negatively associated with overweight and obesity. Similar results were found among adolescents, males, females, people living in eastern and northeastern China, and rural areas, after adjusting for age, gender, geographic region, maternal education level, alcohol consumption, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
CONCLUSION
Improving the dietary knowledge level of children and adolescents was associated with decreased risk of overweight and obesity. Our study provided a theoretical basis for the relationship between dietary knowledge and overweight/obesity in Chinese children and adolescents and suggested strengthening the publicity and popularization of dietary knowledge in schools and communities.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 36138367
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03618-2 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Feb 2023To evaluate whether a fish oil and/or probiotics intervention in pregnant women with overweight or obesity would influence the tendency of their 24-month-old children to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate whether a fish oil and/or probiotics intervention in pregnant women with overweight or obesity would influence the tendency of their 24-month-old children to become overweight and alter their body fat percentage.
METHODS
Women (n = 439) were double-blindly randomized into 4 intervention groups: fish oil+placebo, probiotics+placebo, probiotics+fish oil, and placebo+placebo (fish oil: 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid, probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). The intervention lasted from early pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. Children's (n = 330) growth data (height, weight, head circumference), a secondary outcome of the trial, were evaluated at birth, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age and compared to Finnish growth charts. Body fat percentage was measured with air displacement plethysmography (24 months). Logistic regression and general linear models were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Probiotics+placebo [weight-for-height% adj. Odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.14-0.95] and probiotics+fish oil [weight-for-age standard deviation score (SD-score) adj. OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.07-0.71] associated with lower overweight odds in 24-month-old children compared to placebo+placebo. Results remained essentially the same, when probiotics' main effect (combined probiotics+placebo and probiotics+fish oil) was estimated; that is, lower overweight odds (weight-for-height% adj. OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25-0.95 and weight-for-age SD-score adj. OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20-0.88) compared to non-probiotics. No fish oil main effect (combined fish oil+placebo and probiotics+fish oil) was seen. The intervention did not influence body fat percentage.
CONCLUSIONS
The administration of probiotics solely and in combination with fish oil during pregnancy to women with overweight or obesity lowered the overweight odds of their 24-month-old children.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Bifidobacterium animalis; Double-Blind Method; Fish Oils; Obesity; Overweight; Pregnant Women; Probiotics
PubMed: 36705702
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003659 -
Nutrients Apr 2022Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing an increasing prevalence of young children being overweight and obese. Many feeding and physical activity-related behaviours are... (Review)
Review
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing an increasing prevalence of young children being overweight and obese. Many feeding and physical activity-related behaviours are established at home during preschool years, yet the precise factors that contribute to preschool overweight and obesity have not been fully elucidated. This review aims to identify factors in the home environment associated with overweight and or obesity in preschool children in SSA. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and the African Index Medicus databases were systematically searched for qualitative and quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2021. Eleven studies (ten quantitative, one qualitative) met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the results highlight the paucity of studies exploring factors in the home environment associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The home food environment and maternal BMI appear to be important factors associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children; however, the information for all other factors explored remains unclear due to the lack of evidence. For successful obesity prevention and treatment interventions to be developed, more research in this area is required to understand how different aspects of the home environment contribute to overweight and obesity in preschool Sub-Saharan African children.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Child, Preschool; Home Environment; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35565675
DOI: 10.3390/nu14091706 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2021This study was done as part of a larger study that aims to identify the most impactful and cost-effective strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and...
BACKGROUND
This study was done as part of a larger study that aims to identify the most impactful and cost-effective strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya. Our objective was to involve stakeholders in the identification of the strategies that would be included in our larger study. The results from the stakeholder engagement are analyzed and reported in this paper.
DESIGN
This was a qualitative study. A one-day stakeholder workshop that followed a deliberative dialogue process was conducted.
PARTICIPANTS
A sample of stakeholders who participate in the national level policymaking process for health in Kenya.
OUTCOME MEASURE
Strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya.
RESULTS
Out of the twenty-three stakeholders who confirmed attendance, fifteen participants attended the one-day workshop. The stakeholders identified a total of 24 strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya. From the ranking process carried out the top six strategies identified were: a research-based strategy for the identification of the nutritional value of indigenous foods, implementation of health promotion strategies that focus on the creation of healthy environments, physical activity behavior such as gym attendance, jogging, walking, and running at the individual level, implementation of school curricula on nutrition and health promotion, integration of physical education into the new Competency-Based Education policy, and policies that increase use of public transport.
CONCLUSION
The stakeholders identified and ranked strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya. This informs future overweight and obesity prevention research and policy in Kenya and similar settings.
Topics: Health Promotion; Humans; Kenya; Obesity; Overweight; Schools
PubMed: 34488690
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11649-0 -
Primary Care Mar 2016This article provides behavioral strategies for working with obese patients and families within a primary care context. A multifactorial model for the etiology of... (Review)
Review
This article provides behavioral strategies for working with obese patients and families within a primary care context. A multifactorial model for the etiology of obesity from which to adopt treatment strategies is provided. Optimal views to set up effective patient encounters and specific recommendations to motivate and support patients are discussed. Multicomponent programs include a combination of nutritional, physical activity, and cognitive behavioral approaches to target overweight/obesity. The focus is on behavioral approaches and practical applications, such as motivational interviewing techniques.
Topics: Cooperative Behavior; Cultural Competency; Diet; Exercise; Goals; Humans; Motivational Interviewing; Obesity; Overweight; Patient Care Team; Primary Health Care; Social Stigma; Weight Loss
PubMed: 26896208
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.10.004 -
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2022The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the ability of people globally to consistently engage in their typical physical activity and exercise behaviour, contributing to the... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the ability of people globally to consistently engage in their typical physical activity and exercise behaviour, contributing to the rising number of people living with overweight and obesity. The imposed government lockdowns and quarantine periods saw an increase in social media influencers delivering their own home-based exercise programmes, but these are unlikely to be an evidence-based, efficacious, long-term solution to tackle sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity. This rapid review aims to conceptualise home-based exercise and physical activity programmes, by extracting relevant programme characteristics regarding the availability of evidence and effectiveness of home-based exercise programmes. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which there were varied reports of significant positive effects of the exercise programme on weight management and related outcomes. The two most common measures were Body Mass Index and body mass, as of which almost all reported a trend of post intervention reduction. Some programmes reported qualitative data, identifying barriers to physical activity and preferred programme components, highlighting a need to consider factors outside of physiological measures. The findings provide guidance and direction for the development of future home-based physical activity and exercise programmes for adults living with overweight and obesity.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Exercise; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Pandemics
PubMed: 35183471
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.02.003 -
BMJ Open Apr 2022To determine the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among primary school children (6-11 years old) in Thanhhoa city in 2021.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among primary school children (6-11 years old) in Thanhhoa city in 2021.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Seven primary schools in Thanhhoa city, Vietnam.
PARTICIPANTS
782 children (and their parents).
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Two-stage cluster random sampling was used for selecting children and data were collected from January to February 2021. A self-administrated questionnaire was designed for children and their parents. Children's height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-scores were computed using the WHO Anthro software V.1.0.4. Data were analysed using R software V.4.1.2. The associations between potential factors and childhood overweight/obesity were analysed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Variables were selected using the Bayesian Model Averaging method.
RESULTS
The prevalence of overweight/obesity among primary school children in Thanhhoa city was 35.93% (overweight 21.61% and obesity 14.32%). The proportion of overweight girls was nearly equal to that of boys (20.78% and 22.52%, respectively, p=0.6152) while the proportion of boys with obesity was four times as many as that of girls (23.86% and 5.62%, respectively, p<0.0001). Child's sex was the factor significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. Boys had double the risk of being overweight/obese than girls (adjusted OR: aOR=2.48, p<0.0001). Other potential factors which may be associated with childhood overweight/obesity included mode of transport to school, the people living with the child, mother's occupation, father's education, eating confectionery, the total time of doing sports, and sedentary activities.
CONCLUSION
One in every three primary school children in Thanhhoa city were either overweight or obese. Parents, teachers and policy-makers can implement interventions in the aforementioned factors to reduce the rate of childhood obesity. In forthcoming years, longitudinal studies should be conducted to determine the causal relationships between potential factors and childhood overweight/obesity.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Body Mass Index; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Schools; Vietnam
PubMed: 35459674
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058504 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Social determinants of health are a major contributing factor to health inequalities and have important effects on the health of the population. The aim of the study was...
Social determinants of health are a major contributing factor to health inequalities and have important effects on the health of the population. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity in native and immigrant children aged 2-14 years residing in Spain, and to explore its relationship with socioeconomic factors, habits, and living and health conditions. This study used data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey, which collects health information on the population residing in Spain. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the risk of overweight/obesity controlling for the variables of interest. The final sample consisted of 2351 households. Children of immigrant origin had a significantly higher overall prevalence of overweight and/or obesity than natives, both in boys (40.5% vs. 29.5%) and girls (44.8% vs. 30.3%), and a higher adjusted risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.67). In addition, it has been observed that children of immigrant origin were at higher risk of consuming sugary soft drinks, exercising less, and using screens more. In conclusion, the increased risk of having different habits that may contribute to developing excess weight and of having overweight/obesity in children with a migrant background should guide public health policies and interventions, emphasizing those groups at higher risk and incorporating considerations of socioeconomic inequalities.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Humans; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Spain
PubMed: 35162734
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031711