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International Journal of Dentistry 2020Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a condition that has emerged only recently, bringing together multiple changes, including significant changes in the stomatognathic...
Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a condition that has emerged only recently, bringing together multiple changes, including significant changes in the stomatognathic system, which may compromise sucking behavior and consequently the breastfeeding practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the breastfeeding behaviors in children with CZS. A longitudinal study was carried out in two reference centers in Northeastern Brazil. The nonprobabilistic sample consisted of 79 children diagnosed with physical, neurological, and behavioral alterations compatible with CZS. Information regarding the child, nutritive, and nonnutritive sucking behavior and changes related to the sucking reflex was collected. Data were presented through descriptive and inferential statistics. In the bivariate analyses, the chi-squared test was used and 5% significance level was adopted. The majority of children had severe microcephaly (59.7%). Breastfeeding was performed at birth in most of CZS children (89.9%) but only 36.6% of them presented exclusive breastfeeding in the six months of life. Bottle feeding and pacifier were used in 89.9% and 55.7%, respectively. Sucking and swallowing difficulties and occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux were observed in 27.8%, 48.0%, and 29.2% of children, respectively. Early weaning was associated with bottle feeding (=0.005) and pacifier sucking (=0.003). Although breastfeeding practice at birth constitutes a behavior adopted by most of mothers, adherence to this exclusive habit until the first six months of life was low since the children presenting a large number of comorbidities with direct interference in the suction reflex, sucking, and swallowing difficulty.
PubMed: 32256591
DOI: 10.1155/2020/1078250 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Jun 2023Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is currently recommended until six months of age. The Baby-friendly Hospital (BFH) initiative an international program to promote... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is currently recommended until six months of age. The Baby-friendly Hospital (BFH) initiative an international program to promote breastfeeding, was launched in Portugal in 1994. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors influencing breastfeeding in the first six months of life and to compare the results with a study carried out in 1999 including population from the same geographic area.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A prospective, longitudinal and observational study was carried out in two hospitals in the Lisbon metropolitan area, one BFH and another non-BFH. It consisted of different questionnaires answered by mothers at three distinct moments (zero, three and six months). The first questionnaire was applied between February and June 2019.
RESULTS
A total of 423 infants were included, 324 from the BFH and 99 from the non-BFH. The breastfeeding rate was 94.3% at discharge, 78.2% at three months and 64.4% at six months, whereas EBF rate was 74.2%, 51.8% and 25.6% respectively. All women on EBF at six months, except one, were breastfeeding on demand. The discontinuation of EBF was associated with delayed skin-to-skin contact, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission, pacifier and artificial teats use, mother's return to work earlier and lower education levels. Conversely, factors that promote EBF were older gestational age, adequate birthweight, breastfeeding initiation in the first hour of life, rooming-in practice, shorter hospital stay and absence of infant's illnesses. Compared with 1999, although there was a significant improvement of breastfeeding rates at three and six months, the EBF rate was similar at six months (23%). Both studies identified the mother's lower education level and mother's return to work as contributing factors to breastfeeding discontinuation.
CONCLUSION
Our results are in agreement with previously reported causes of breastfeeding discontinuation and emphasize the importance of sociocultural factors. Compared with 1999, the breastfeeding rates in this Portuguese population increased significantly at three and six months. However, it is still necessary to improve in order to achieve the World Health Organization global target.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Breast Feeding; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Mothers; Health Promotion
PubMed: 36947662
DOI: 10.20344/amp.18692 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nonnutritive sucking habits on the presence of oral .
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nonnutritive sucking habits on the presence of oral .
METHODS
One hundred and twenty children aged 3-5 years old were enrolled in the present case-control study, as follows: 60 children with continuous pacifier and thumb sucking habits (study group) and 60 children without any sucking habits (control group). The children in the two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. Information was gathered from the parents concerning their children using a special sheet. Sterile swabs were taken from both groups and cultured on agar plates. Then, they were subjected to further biochemical tests to identify species. The mean of the count was determined for each child. Descriptive, independent -test and chi-square test statistics were used. The level of significance was set at < 0.05.
RESULTS
The presence of nonnutritive sucking habits was related to a higher carriage of among children.
CONCLUSION
Nonnutritive sucking habits may act as a predisposing factor that enhances the colonization of oral .
PubMed: 36419951
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1216727 -
Nutrients Jan 2018Breastfeeding is the normative standard for infant feeding. Despite its established benefits, different factors can affect breastfeeding rates over time. The purpose of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Breastfeeding is the normative standard for infant feeding. Despite its established benefits, different factors can affect breastfeeding rates over time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate breastfeeding determinants in healthy term newborns during the first three months of life. A prospective, observational, single-center study was conducted in the nursery of Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico in Milan, Italy. The mother-baby dyads that were admitted to the Clinic in January and February 2017 were enrolled. Only healthy term babies with birth weight ≥10th percentile for gestational age were included. Data were collected through medical records and questionnaires administered during the follow-up period. Then, we fitted univariate and multivariate logistic models and calculated odds ratios. 746 dyads were included but 640 completed the study. The factors found to be favoring breastfeeding were a previous successful breastfeeding experience, a higher level of education of the mother, attending prenatal classes, no use of pacifier, rooming in practice, and breastfeeding on demand. Factors acting negatively on breastfeeding were advanced maternal age, non-spontaneous delivery, perception of low milk supply, mastitis, and nipple fissures. This study highlights the need to individualize the assistance provide to breastfeeding mothers, paying special attention to personal experiences.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Chi-Square Distribution; Cultural Characteristics; Educational Status; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Italy; Lactation; Logistic Models; Mastitis; Maternal Age; Middle Aged; Mothers; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Pacifiers; Prospective Studies; Social Support; Term Birth; Tertiary Care Centers; Young Adult
PubMed: 29304013
DOI: 10.3390/nu10010048 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Nov 2021The scope of this article is to investigate factors that contributed to the growth rate of children from birth through the sixth month of life. It involves a cohort...
The scope of this article is to investigate factors that contributed to the growth rate of children from birth through the sixth month of life. It involves a cohort study with 144 children observed at birth and in the first, second and sixth months of life. Child head circumference (cm/month), weight (g/day) and length (cm/month) rates were compared according to birth, pregnancy, maternal and family characteristics and those related to the food, illness and health care of the child. The female sex and difficulty in breastfeeding contributed to the deceleration of all three growth rates, while maternal non-vaccination against tetanus affected the increase of head circumference and of child length. Severe maternal mental disorder, moderate/severe food insecurity, oatmeal consumption and failure to follow-up the development of the child influenced the head circumference and weight rates. The intake of alcohol during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, mixed/predominant breastfeeding, use of infant formula and episodes of diarrhea/vomiting affected the head circumference, while inadequate prenatal care affected weight, and low-stature mothers and pacifier use affected length. Modifiable factors are highlighted, such as the consumption of oatmeal and infant formula, and the use of pacifiers, which are related to breastfeeding in infants.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Child; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Mothers; Pacifiers; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34852108
DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212611.22212020 -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2022To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), introduction of water, herbal teas, or other milks, as well as to identify the factors associated with the...
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), introduction of water, herbal teas, or other milks, as well as to identify the factors associated with the interruption of EBF at the 30th day after birth.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study using structured and pretested questionnaires applied to 310 mothers in two moments: in person, at the maternity ward; and at the time the infant was 30 days of age, by telephone call. Descriptive statistics and multivariate Poisson regression, following a multilevel hierarchical model according to the proximity to the outcome, were used to estimate the association between dependent and independent variables.
RESULTS
The maintenance of EBF at 30 days of age of the infant occurred in 85.2% of the sample, 1.6% receiving water, 11.5% herbal teas, and 8.2% other milk. Predictors for EBF interruption in the univariate analysis were the mothers' return to work or study activities shortly after the baby's birth (IR 2.88; 95%CI 1.14-7.25) and the use of a pacifier (IR 3.29; 95%CI 1.52-6.22). The interruption of EBF was lower in the group of participants who received support from the infant's maternal grandmother (IR 2.71; 95%CI 1.11-6.56) and their partner (IR 4.78; 95%CI 1.90-12.06). After a multivariate analysis, only the use of a pacifier (IR 5.47; 95%CI 2.38-19.3) and the partner's support (IR 6.87; 95%CI 2.04-23.1) maintained the association with the outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of EBF found in this study can be considered good, and future interventions aimed at increasing the duration of EBF in this population should take into account the participation of the partner and the reinforcement for not introducing the pacifier.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Mothers; Pacifiers; Pregnancy; Teas, Herbal; Water
PubMed: 35703723
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2021096IN -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) Sep 2005Based on this literature review, early orthodontic treatment of unilateral posterior crossbites with mandibular shifts is recommended. Treatment success is high if it is... (Review)
Review
Based on this literature review, early orthodontic treatment of unilateral posterior crossbites with mandibular shifts is recommended. Treatment success is high if it is started early. Evidence that crossbites are not self-correcting, have some association with temporomandibular disorders and cause skeletal, dental and muscle adaptation provides further rationale for early treatment. It can be difficult to treat unilateral crossbites in adults without a combination of orthodontics and surgery. The most appropriate timing of treatment occurs when the patient is in the late deciduous or early mixed dentition stage as expansion modalities are very successful in this age group and permanent incisors are given more space as a result of the expansion. Treatment of unilateral posterior crossbites generally involves symmetric expansion of the maxillary arch, removal of selective occlusal interferences and elimination of the mandibular functional shift. The general practitioner and pediatric dentist must be able to diagnose unilateral posterior crossbites successfully and provide treatment or referral to take advantage of the benefits of early treatment.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Child; Dentition, Mixed; Diagnosis, Differential; Fingersucking; Humans; Malocclusion; Mandible; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontics, Corrective; Pacifiers; Palatal Expansion Technique
PubMed: 16202196
DOI: No ID Found -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Feb 2008In 2003, 771 randomly selected two-year-old children from the town of Zurich were examined. Teeth with carious cavities were observed in 12.6% of the children. Caries... (Review)
Review
In 2003, 771 randomly selected two-year-old children from the town of Zurich were examined. Teeth with carious cavities were observed in 12.6% of the children. Caries including initial (not yet cavitated) lesions was seen in 25.3% of children. Caries prevalence was strongly associated with immigrant background. Caries was found in 7.5% of Swiss children and in 38.5% of children from ex-Jugoslavia. 5% of children of mothers born in Switzerland, and 17.4% of children of mothers not born in Switzerland showed caries. The average number of teeth with carious lesions in children with caries was 4.3 irrespective of immigrant or Swiss background. This finding suggests that all kids with caries had similar risk behaviours. Multivariate logistic regressions elucidated the behavioural components associated with caries. The presence of plaque and the use of a night-time bottle proved to be the strongest predictor variables for caries. Frequent drinking of sugared non-milk drinks, age and no pacifier use were further risk indicators in children of foreign-born mothers. A significant improvement of oral health of small children can be achieved by a concerted action of child welfare consultants, paediatricians and carers of day-nurseries. The primary goal is to convince parents to actively participate in preserving dental health of their offsprings. The following recommendations should be adhered to: 1. Parents should brush the teeth of the children daily, using a fluoridated children-toothpaste starting the very day of the appearance of the first milk tooth. 2. At the age of 12 months, the bottle should be replaced by a cup and the continuous use of a nursing bottle while falling asleep and during the night should absolutely be avoided. 3. Children should primarily be offered water and milk as a beverage. A first dental inspection is due at the age of two years.
Topics: Bottle Feeding; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Care for Children; Dental Caries; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Risk Factors; Switzerland; Toothbrushing; Weaning
PubMed: 18517061
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930.65.2.75 -
Public Health Nutrition Feb 2018To investigate whether pre-gestational obesity interferes with the duration of breast-feeding.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether pre-gestational obesity interferes with the duration of breast-feeding.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based probabilistic sample. The dependent variables were exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) and breast-feeding (BF), as defined by the WHO. The classification of pre-gestational nutritional status was based on the pre-gestational BMI category.
SUBJECTS
A sample of 418 mother-infant pairs from the state of Alagoas, Brazil.
RESULTS
The median duration of EBF was 1·9 months (60d), while that of BF was 8·2 months (250d). According to multiple linear regression analysis, the factors that negatively and independently affected the duration of EBF were pre-gestational BMI≥30·0 kg/m2 (-51·9d, 95 % CI -80·4, -23·4), maternal schooling≤9 years (-30·8d, 95 % CI -54·7, -6·9), no prior lactation experience (-29·0d, 95 % CI -45·6, -11·5) and infant pacifier use (-41·4d; 95 % CI 54·5, -28·2). For BF, a higher weaning rate was observed during the first days after birth among children of pre-gestational obese mothers.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that higher pre-gestational BMI is associated with shorter duration of EBF and BF. Prenatal care provides a privileged opportunity to promote nutritional education, better nutritional status of pregnant woman, and greater success with EBF up to 6 months of age and with longer BF.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Brazil; Breast Feeding; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mothers; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Prenatal Care; Socioeconomic Factors; Time Factors; Weaning; Weight Gain; Young Adult
PubMed: 29025438
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980017002580 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022The purpose of this study is to verify parents' knowledge of child nutrition and their awareness of the interaction between unhealthy sugars in their child's diet and...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to verify parents' knowledge of child nutrition and their awareness of the interaction between unhealthy sugars in their child's diet and caries formation.
METHODS
a questionnaire was proposed using Instagram to analyze type of breastfeeding; type of weaning and diet; home oral hygiene maneuvers; bad habits (use of pacifiers, bottles, and sugary substances); knowledge on the usefulness of fluoride; and first dental visit. A total of 200 parents from different regions of Italy with children aged 2 months to 6 years were contacted. Results showed that 66% parents preferred breastfeeding, while the remaining 34% chose artificial breastfeeding. Fifty percent (100 babies) started weaning at six months, 20% (40 babies) at the fifth month, 13.5% (27 babies) at the fourth month, and only 11.5% (23 babies) in a range from the seventh to ninth month of life. Oral hygiene practices were performed only by 25% of parents before eruption of the first tooth. After eruption of the first tooth, there is greater attention to home oral hygiene practices: 59% of parents carry out and teach their children daily home oral hygiene maneuvers.
CONCLUSIONS
it is possible to raise awareness among parents and caregivers on the importance of food education.
Topics: Child; Educational Status; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35627333
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105799