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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2014The success of pharyngeal surgery in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome depends on the appropriate selection of patients.
INTRODUCTION
The success of pharyngeal surgery in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome depends on the appropriate selection of patients.
OBJECTIVE
To propose a new staging for indication of pharyngeal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
METHODS
A total of 54 patients undergoing extended tonsillectomy were retrospectively included, divided into six stages. Stage I: patients with palatine tonsils grade 3/4 and modified Mallampati index 1/2; stage II: palatine tonsils 3/4 and modified Mallampati index 3/4; stage III: palatine tonsils 1/2 and modified Mallampati index 1/2; stage IV: palatine tonsils 1/2 and modified Mallampati index 3/4; stage V: body mass index ≥40 kg/m(2) with palatine tonsils 3/4 and modified Mallampati index 1, 2, 3, or 4. Stage VI: body mass index ≥40 with palatine tonsils 1/2 and modified Mallampati index 1, 2, 3, or 4.
RESULTS
The surgical success rates were 88.9%, 75.0%, 35.7%, 38.5%, and 100.0% in stages I-V.
CONCLUSION
The presence of hypertrophic palatine tonsils was the anatomical factor in common in the most successful stages (I, II, and V), regardless of body mass index. Although the modified Mallampati index classes 3 and 4 reduced the success rate of surgery in patients with hypertrophic tonsils (stage II), the presence of modified Mallampati index classes 1 and 2 did not favor surgical success in patients with normal tonsils (stage III).
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Palatine Tonsil; Polysomnography; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Tonsillectomy; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 25457068
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.09.003 -
The Journal of the Royal College of... Sep 1985
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Palatine Tonsil; Sleep Apnea Syndromes
PubMed: 4057177
DOI: No ID Found -
Cytometry. Part B, Clinical Cytometry Mar 2018Palatine tonsils are principally B cell organs that are the initial line of defense against many oral pathogens, as well as the site of infection for others. While the...
BACKGROUND
Palatine tonsils are principally B cell organs that are the initial line of defense against many oral pathogens, as well as the site of infection for others. While the size of palatine tonsils changes greatly in the first five years of life, the cellular changes during this period are not well studied. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a common orally transmitted virus that infects tonsillar B cells. Naïve B cells are thought to be the target of primary infection with EBV in vivo, suggesting that they are targeted by the virus. EBV enters B cells through CD21, but studies of older children and adults have not shown differences in surface CD21 between naïve B cells and other tonsil B cell populations.
METHODS
In this study, we used an 11-color flow cytometry panel to detail the changes in B cell subpopulations in human tonsils over the first five years of life from 33 healthy US children.
RESULTS
We provide reference ranges for tonsil B cell subpopulations over this age range. We show that the frequency of naïve tonsil B cells decreases over the early years of life, and that naïve B cells expressed higher surface levels of CD21 relative to other tonsil B cell populations.
CONCLUSIONS
We show that young children have a higher frequency of naïve tonsil B cells, and importantly that these cells express increased surface EBV receptor, suggesting that young children have a larger pool of cells that can be infected by the virus. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Child, Preschool; Female; Flow Cytometry; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Infant; Male; Palatine Tonsil; Phenotype; Receptors, Complement 3d
PubMed: 28885784
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21589 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Mar 2017We present the first reported case of tonsillar asymmetry secondary to a mandibular osteoma. Computed tomography rather than tonsillectomy for histology prevented the...
We present the first reported case of tonsillar asymmetry secondary to a mandibular osteoma. Computed tomography rather than tonsillectomy for histology prevented the distress and risk of unnecessary surgery, and the patient was managed conservatively.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Mandibular Neoplasms; Osteoma; Palatine Tonsil; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28252347
DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0019 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Nov 2022A 6-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever was evaluated for a 3-month history of intermittent reverse sneezing and gagging episodes. Pertinent findings at evaluation...
A 6-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever was evaluated for a 3-month history of intermittent reverse sneezing and gagging episodes. Pertinent findings at evaluation included frequent reverse sneezing and non-productive retching. No pathology was visible on sedated oral examination. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the skull revealed a gas-filled defect within the left ventral aspect of the soft palate. A non-eroded defect was present in the left caudoventral nasopharyngeal wall on nasopharyngoscopy. Surgical exploration revealed a nasopharyngeal-oropharyngeal fistula within the left palatine tonsillar fossa. The dog had a witnessed oropharyngeal stick injury (OSI) 3 months previous in the location of the fistula. The OSI had been allowed to heal by secondary intention and was treated with an oral antibiotic and NSAID. However, the dog lacked characteristic signs of a chronic OSI such as nasal discharge or abscess formation. The defect in the soft palate was surgically debrided and closed, and the left palatine tonsil was excised. The dog recovered completely with cessation of reverse sneezing and retching episodes.
Topics: Dogs; Female; Animals; Dog Diseases; Sneezing; Palate, Soft; Palatine Tonsil; Fistula
PubMed: 36325408
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Recent studies have demonstrated extraordinary diversity in peripheral blood human natural killer (NK) cells and have suggested environmental control of receptor...
Recent studies have demonstrated extraordinary diversity in peripheral blood human natural killer (NK) cells and have suggested environmental control of receptor expression patterns on distinct subsets of NK cells. However, tissue localization may influence NK cell differentiation to an even higher extent and less is known about the receptor repertoire of human tissue-resident NK cells. Advances in single-cell technologies have allowed higher resolution studies of these cells. Here, the power of high-dimensional flow cytometry was harnessed to unravel the complexity of NK cell repertoire diversity in liver since recent studies had indicated high heterogeneity within liver NK cells. A 29-color flow cytometry panel allowing simultaneous measurement of surface tissue-residency markers, activating and inhibitory receptors, differentiation markers, chemokine receptors, and transcription factors was established. This panel was applied to lymphocytes across three tissues (liver, peripheral blood, and tonsil) with different distribution of distinct NK cell subsets. Dimensionality reduction of this data ordered events according to their lineage, rather than tissue of origin. Notably, narrowing the scope of the analysis to the NK cell lineage in liver and peripheral blood separated subsets according to tissue, enabling phenotypic characterization of NK cell subpopulations in individual tissues. Such dimensionality reduction, coupled with a clustering algorithm, identified CD49e as the preferred marker for future studies of liver-resident NK cell subsets. We present a robust approach for diversity profiling of tissue-resident NK cells that can be applied in various homeostatic and pathological conditions such as reproduction, infection, and cancer.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Color; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Liver; Palatine Tonsil; Phenotype
PubMed: 31798596
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02692 -
Cells Jul 2022Amyloid-β (Aβ)-peptide production or deposition in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was shown to be caused by chronic inflammation that may be induced by...
Amyloid-β (Aβ)-peptide production or deposition in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was shown to be caused by chronic inflammation that may be induced by infection, but the role of pathogenic-bacteria-related AD-associated Aβ is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we validated the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the Aβ-protein load and bacterial infection and that there are effects of bacteria, (), on the Aβ load in the inflammatory environment of human tonsils. Here, we detected Aβ-peptide deposits in human tonsil tissue as well as tissue similar to tonsilloliths found in the olfactory cleft. Interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time the presence of () clustered around or embedded in the Aβ deposits. Notably, we showed that treatment with upregulated the Aβ-protein load in cultures of human tonsil organoids and brain organoids, showing the new role of in Aβ-protein aggregation. These findings suggest that a reservoir of Aβ and pathogenic bacteria may be a possible therapeutic target in human tonsils, supporting the treatment of antibiotics to prevent the deposition of Aβ peptides via the removal of pathogens in the intervention of AD pathogenesis.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Palatine Tonsil; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35892582
DOI: 10.3390/cells11152285 -
Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtisas Dergisi : KBB... 2016This study aims to investigate the effects of adenotonsillar hypertrophy on general development, as well as fine and gross motor capabilities, social communication, and...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the effects of adenotonsillar hypertrophy on general development, as well as fine and gross motor capabilities, social communication, and language development in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy by applying the Denver Developmental Screening Test-II.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study included 30 patients (12 boys, 18 girls; mean age 53.3±12.2 months; range 32 to 72 months) who were indicated for adenotonsillectomy due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy between February 2013 and July 2013. The control group comprised 30 children participants (12 boys, 18 girls; mean age 53.1±12.8 months; range 32 to 72 months) with no adenotonsillectomy indication. All participants included in the study were performed routine physical examination, flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, and tympanometry. Brodsky scale and fiberendoscopic findings were used to categorize tonsil and adenoid sizes, respectively. Following ear, nose, and throat evaluation, a psychologist conducted Denver Developmental Screening Test-II in all participants blindly.
RESULTS
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy patients had higher abnormal levels of general development (c2=7.13, p=0.028). Although patients and controls had similar levels of fine motor, gross motor, and personal-social development levels, there was a statistically borderline difference between them in terms of language development (t=1.82, p=0.074).
CONCLUSION
The possibility of adenotonsillar hypertrophy should definitely be considered in children with delayed general and language developments.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Infant; Language Development Disorders; Male; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 27107598
DOI: 10.5606/kbbihtisas.2016.42724 -
Cell Death & Disease Feb 2018As tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have evolved recently, stem cell therapy has been investigated in the field of impaired wound healing. Several studies...
As tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have evolved recently, stem cell therapy has been investigated in the field of impaired wound healing. Several studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells derived from various tissues including bone marrow and adipose tissue can exert the regenerative efficacy in the wound healing. Previously, we have demonstrated the isolation and characterization of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) with excellent proliferative property. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the regenerative efficacy of TMSCs in the wound healing process. Two distinct cutaneous surgical defects were generated in the dorsum of mice. Each wound was treated with TMSCs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively. After sacrifice, the skin and subcutaneous tissues around the surgical defect were harvested and assessed for inflammation, re-epithelialization, dermal regeneration, and granulation tissue formation. The administration of TMSCs into wound beds significantly promoted the repair of surgical defects in mice. Especially, TMSCs efficiently contributed to the attenuation of excessive inflammation in the surgical lesion, as well as the augmentation of epidermal and dermal regeneration. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, TMSCs were analyzed for their potency in immunomodulatory ability on immune cells, stimulatory effect on the proliferation of keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, as well as the regulation of fibroblast differentiation. TMSCs inhibited the non-specific or T-cell-specific proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as the M1 polarization of macrophage-like cells. Moreover, TMSCs augmented the proliferation of skin-constituting fibroblasts and keratinocytes while they suppressed the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the regenerative potential of TMSCs in wound healing process through the regulation on inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling of various skin cells, implying that TMSCs can be a promising alternative for wound repair.
Topics: Animals; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Mice, Nude; Palatine Tonsil; Skin; Tissue Engineering; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 29416004
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0248-4 -
Cells Dec 2019Human palatine tonsils are potential tissue source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The proliferation rate of palatine tonsil-derived MSCs (TMSCs) is far...
Human palatine tonsils are potential tissue source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The proliferation rate of palatine tonsil-derived MSCs (TMSCs) is far higher than that of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) or adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs). In our previous study, we had found through DNA microarray analysis that tensin-3 (TNS3), a type of focal adhesion protein, was more highly expressed in TMSCs than in both BMSCs and ADSCs. Here, the role of TNS3 in TMSCs and its relationship with integrin were investigated. TNS3 expression was significantly elevated in TMSCs than in other cell types. Cell growth curves revealed a significant decrease in the proliferation and migration of TMSCs treated with siRNA for TNS3 (siTNS3). siTNS3 treatment upregulated p16 and p21 levels and downregulated SOX2 expression and focal adhesion kinase, protein kinase B, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. siTNS3 transfection significantly reduced adipogenic differentiation of TMSCs and slightly decreased osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, TNS3 inhibition reduced active integrin beta-1 (ITGβ1) expression, while total ITGβ1 expression was not affected. Inhibition of ITGβ1 expression in TMSCs by siRNA showed similar results observed in TNS3 inhibition. Thus, TNS3 may play an important role in TMSC proliferation and differentiation by regulating active ITGβ1 expression.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Chondrogenesis; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Humans; Integrin beta1; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Palatine Tonsil; Tensins
PubMed: 31905841
DOI: 10.3390/cells9010089