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Systematic Reviews Mar 2015The clinical presentation of panic disorder and panic attack overlaps many symptoms typically experienced in coronary heart disease (CHD). Etiological links between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The clinical presentation of panic disorder and panic attack overlaps many symptoms typically experienced in coronary heart disease (CHD). Etiological links between panic disorder and CHD are controversial and remain largely tenuous. This systematic review aims to pool together data regarding panic disorder with respect to incident CHD or myocardial infarction.
METHODS/DESIGN
Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS) will be searched using a search strategy exploding the topics for CHD and panic disorder. Authors and reference lists of included studies will also be contacted to identify additional published and unpublished studies. Eligibility criteria are as follows:
POPULATION
persons without CHD who meet criteria for panic disorder, panic attack, anxiety neurosis or elevated panic disorder symptoms; Comparison: persons without CHD who do not meet criteria for panic disorder, panic attack, anxiety neurosis or elevated panic disorder symptoms;
OUTCOME
verified fatal and non-fatal CHD at follow-up; including coronary revascularization procedure, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Studies adopting self-report CHD will be ineligible. Screening will be undertaken by two independent reviewers with disagreements resolved through discussion. Data extraction will include original data specified as hazard ratios, risk ratios, and original cell data if available. Risk of bias assessment will be undertaken by two independent reviewers. Meta-analytic methods will be used to synthesize the data collected relating to the CHD outcomes with Cochrane Review Manager 5.3.
DISCUSSION
This systematic review aims to clarify whether panic disorder is associated with elevated risk for subsequent CHD. An evaluation of the etiological links between panic disorder with incident CHD might inform evidence-based clinical practice and policy concerning triaging chest pain patients, diagnostic assessment, and psychiatric intervention with panic disorder patients.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42014014891 .
Topics: Clinical Protocols; Coronary Artery Disease; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Panic; Panic Disorder; Research Design; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 25875199
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-015-0026-2 -
The Journal of Physiology Sep 2017Many stressors cause an increase in ventilation in humans. This is predominantly reported as an increase in minute ventilation (V̇E). But, the same V̇E can be achieved... (Review)
Review
Many stressors cause an increase in ventilation in humans. This is predominantly reported as an increase in minute ventilation (V̇E). But, the same V̇E can be achieved by a wide variety of changes in the depth (tidal volume, V ) and number of breaths (respiratory frequency, ƒ ). This review investigates the impact of stressors including: cold, heat, hypoxia, pain and panic on the contributions of ƒ and V to V̇E to see if they differ with different stressors. Where possible we also consider the potential mechanisms that underpin the responses identified, and propose mechanisms by which differences in ƒ and V are mediated. Our aim being to consider if there is an overall differential control of ƒ and V that applies in a wide range of conditions. We consider moderating factors, including exercise, sex, intensity and duration of stimuli. For the stressors reviewed, as the stress becomes extreme V̇E generally becomes increased more by ƒ than V . We also present some tentative evidence that the pattern of ƒ and V could provide some useful diagnostic information for a variety of clinical conditions. In The Physiological Society's year of 'Making Sense of Stress', this review has wide-ranging implications that are not limited to one discipline, but are integrative and relevant for physiology, psychophysiology, neuroscience and pathophysiology.
Topics: Animals; Cold Temperature; Fever; Humans; Hypoxia; Pain; Panic; Respiration; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 28650070
DOI: 10.1113/JP274596 -
Journal of Econometrics Jan 2021We develop an econometric model of consumer panic (or panic buying) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Google search data on relevant keywords, we construct a daily...
We develop an econometric model of consumer panic (or panic buying) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Google search data on relevant keywords, we construct a daily index of consumer panic for 54 countries from January 1st to April 30th 2020. We also assemble data on government policy announcements and daily COVID-19 cases for all countries. Our panic index reveals widespread consumer panic in most countries, primarily during March, but with significant variation in the timing and severity of panic between countries. Our model implies that both domestic and world virus transmission contribute significantly to consumer panic. But government policy is also important: Internal movement restrictions - whether announced by domestic or foreign governments - generate substantial short run panic that largely vanishes in a week to ten days. Internal movement restrictions announced early in the pandemic generated more panic than those announced later. Stimulus announcements had smaller impacts, and travel restrictions do not appear to generate consumer panic.
PubMed: 32863535
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.07.045 -
American Journal of Epidemiology Feb 2023In a recent issue of the Journal, Wesselink et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(8):1383-1395) presented findings that indicate that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)...
In a recent issue of the Journal, Wesselink et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(8):1383-1395) presented findings that indicate that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine does not cause any reduction in fertility in either men or women, while COVID-19 infection may reduce fertility temporarily among men. These are reassuring findings for those seeking pregnancy, as well as for clinicians and the public. There was no scientific reason to be concerned about effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on fertility, so some of the psychological, ethical, and historical reasons for concern are discussed. These include perceptions of risk around "unnatural," unusual, or dreaded outcomes; vaccine resistance as part of a social and political identity; and the tendency for moral panics to occur around women's reproductive capacity. On this and other topics, there is a broad need for reproductive health to be better incorporated into clinical trials, and for fertility research to advance in measurement and include a more diverse and global population.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Fertility; Reproduction; Vaccines
PubMed: 35968679
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac147 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022Under circumstances of fire, panic usually brings uncertainty and unpredictability to evacuation. Therefore, a deep understanding of panic is desired. This study aims to...
Under circumstances of fire, panic usually brings uncertainty and unpredictability to evacuation. Therefore, a deep understanding of panic is desired. This study aims to dig into the underlying mechanism of fire evacuation panic by measuring and analysing psycho- and physiological indicators. In the experiment, participants watched a simulated train station within which three sets of stimuli were triggered separately. Eye movement and brain haemodynamic responses were collected during the watch, while questionnaires and interviews of emotions were conducted after. The analysed physiological indicators include the amplitude of pupil dilation, the time ratios of fixation and saccade, the binned entropy of gaze location, and the brain activation coefficients. The results of this research indicate that fire evacuation panic can be broken down into two elements. (1) Unawareness of situation: less knowledge of the situation leads to a higher level of panic; (2) Intensity of visual stimulation: the panic level is escalated with increased severity of fire that is perceived.
Topics: Benchmarking; Eye Movements; Fires; Humans; Panic; Saccades
PubMed: 35682488
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116905 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Mar 2023Panic attacks are an impairing mental health problem that impacts more than one out of every 10 adults in the United States (US). Clinical guidelines suggest panic...
UNLABELLED
Panic attacks are an impairing mental health problem that impacts more than one out of every 10 adults in the United States (US). Clinical guidelines suggest panic attacks occur without warning and their unexpected nature worsens their impact on quality of life. Individuals who experience panic attacks would benefit from advance warning of when an attack is likely to occur so that appropriate steps could be taken to manage or prevent it. Our recent work suggests that an individual's likelihood of experiencing a panic attack can be predicted by self-reported mood and community-level Twitter-derived mood the previous day. Prior work also suggests that physiological markers may indicate a pending panic attack. However, the ability of objective physiological, behavioral, and environmental measures to predict next-day panic attacks has not yet been explored. To address this question, we consider data from 38 individuals who regularly experienced panic attacks recruited from across the US. Participants responded to daily questions about their panic attacks for 28 days and provided access to data from their Apple Watches. Results indicate that objective measures of ambient noise (louder) and resting heart rate (higher) are related to the likelihood of experiencing a panic attack the next day. These preliminary results suggest, for the first time, that panic attacks may be predictable from data passively collected by consumer wearable devices, opening the door to improvements in how panic attacks are managed and to the development of new preventative interventions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Objective data from consumer wearables may predict when an individual is at high risk for experiencing a next-day panic attack. This information could guide treatment decisions, help individuals manage their panic, and inform the development of new preventative interventions.
PubMed: 36909613
DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.23286647 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022The present study aims to assess the relationship between prevention and panic from COVID-19, ethical principles, life expectancy, anxiety, depression, and stress in...
The present study aims to assess the relationship between prevention and panic from COVID-19, ethical principles, life expectancy, anxiety, depression, and stress in auditors and financial managers of small- and medium-sized Iraqi firms. In other words, this paper seeks to answer the question of whether different types of prevention and panic from COVID-19 can enhance the ethical principles, life expectancy, anxiety, depression, and stress, or not. The study method is practical in its objective and descriptive survey procedure. The study's statistical population includes 185 employed auditors in audit firms, and 215 financial managers of small- and medium-sized Iraqi firms were selected as a sample of the study using the Cochran Sampling Method. In this paper, PLS tests are used to assess the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results indicate no significant relationship between prevention from COVID-19 and ethical principles and life expectancy. However, the association between prevention from COVID-19 and anxiety, depression, and stress, and between panic from COVID-19 and ethical principles, life expectancy, anxiety, depression, and stress is positive and significant. The higher the panic from COVID-19, the more ethical principles, life expectancy, anxiety, depression, and stress. Since no study has been carried out so far on the effect of prevention and panic from COVID-19, ethical principles, life expectancy, depression, and stress in Iraqi firms, the present study results can provide valuable information and contribute to the development of science and knowledge.
Topics: Anxiety; COVID-19; Depression; Humans; Life Expectancy; Panic
PubMed: 35627379
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105841 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2015While current theories on perception of interoceptive signals suggest impaired interoceptive processing in psychiatric disorders such as panic disorder or depression,...
BACKGROUND
While current theories on perception of interoceptive signals suggest impaired interoceptive processing in psychiatric disorders such as panic disorder or depression, heart-rate (HR) interoceptive accuracy (IAc) of panic patients under resting conditions is superior to that of healthy controls. Thus, in this study, we chose to assess further physiological parameters and comorbid depression in order to get information on how these potentially conflicting findings are linked together.
DESIGN
We used a quasi-experimental laboratory design which included multi-parametric physiological data collection of 40 panic subjects and 53 matched no-panic controls, as well as experimental induction of stress and relaxation over a time-course.
METHODS
Stress reactivity, interoceptive awareness (IAw; from the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ)) and IAc (as correlation between self-estimation and physiological data) were major outcome variables. Self-estimation of bioparametrical change was measured via numeric rating scales.
RESULT
Panic subjects had stronger HR-reaction and more accurate HR-interoception. Concurrently, though, their IAc of skin conductance level, pulse amplitude and breathing amplitude was significantly lower than that of the control group. Interestingly, comorbid depression was found to be associated with increased IAw but attenuated IAc.
LIMITATIONS
Demand characteristics and a categorical approach to panic confine the results.
CONCLUSION
The potentially conflicting findings coalesce, as panic was associated with an increase of the ability to perceive the fear-related parameter and a simultaneous decrease of the ability to perceive other parameters. The superordinate integration of afferent signals might be impaired.
Topics: Adult; Awareness; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Fear; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Interoception; Male; Middle Aged; Panic; Panic Disorder; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 26186533
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.010 -
The Journal of the American Board of... 2004The purpose of this systematic review was to identify characteristics of the chest pain associated with the presence of panic disorder, to determine the strength of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify characteristics of the chest pain associated with the presence of panic disorder, to determine the strength of the association between panic disorder and coronary artery disease (CAD), and to determine the association between panic disorder and known cardiovascular risk factors.
METHODS
Potential studies were identified via computerized search using MEDLINE and PSYCINFO databases, and review of bibliographies. MeSH headings used included "panic disorder" with "chest pain," "panic disorder" with "coronary disease or cardiovascular disorders or heart disorders," and "panic disorder" with "cholesterol or essential hypertension or tobacco smoking." Studies had to base their diagnosis of panic disorder on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, and objective criteria of CAD and risk factors had to be used. Only case-control and cohort studies were included.
RESULTS
The relative risk of panic disorder in patients with nonanginal chest pain is 2.03 [confidence interval (CI), 1.41 to 2.92]. Concerning the relationship between panic disorder and CAD, studies conducted in emergency departments found a relative risk of 1.25 (CI, 0.87 to 1.80). However, there is an inverse relationship between the prevalence of CAD in the study and the prevalence of panic disorder among the patients with CAD (r = -.469, P =.086). Panic disorder has also been linked to cardiac risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Panic disorder and CAD are correlated in noncardiology settings, and recurrent panic attacks may actually cause CAD. Recognition of either condition should lead the family physician to consider the other, resulting in increased vigilance and possible screening.
Topics: Chest Pain; Coronary Artery Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Panic Disorder; Prevalence; Risk
PubMed: 15082670
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.17.2.114 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... May 2007This article focuses on the differential activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This article focuses on the differential activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
METHOD
The results of recently reported reviews of the literature are summarized and discussed.
RESULTS
The results of experimental studies that assayed adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol and prolactin show that real-life panic attacks, as well as those induced by selective panicogenic agents such as lactate and carbon dioxide, do not activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Agonists of the cholecystokinin receptor B such as the cholecystokinin-4 peptide and pentagastrin increase stress hormones regardless of the occurrence of a panic attack and, thus, seem to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis directly. The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil does not increase stress hormones, but this agent does not reliably induce panic attacks. Pharmacological agents that increase anxiety in both normal people and panic patients (caffeine, yohimbine, serotonergic agonists) raise stress hormone levels.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to the differences in symptomatology and pharmacological response, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder affect stress hormones in distinct ways. While anticipatory anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder activate both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and the sympathoadrenal axes, panic attack causes major sympathetic activation, but has little effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Lactic Acid; Panic Disorder; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Prolactin; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 17546345
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462007000500002