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Immunological Reviews Nov 2014One decade has passed since seminal publications described macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) as a key contributor to inflammation and obesity-related... (Review)
Review
One decade has passed since seminal publications described macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) as a key contributor to inflammation and obesity-related insulin resistance. Currently, a PubMed search for 'adipose tissue inflammation' reveals over 3500 entries since these original reports. We now know that resident macrophages in lean AT are alternatively activated, M2-like, and play a role in AT homeostasis. In contrast, the macrophages in obese AT are dramatically increased in number and are predominantly classically activated, M1-like, and promote inflammation and insulin resistance. Mediators of AT macrophage (ATM) phenotype include adipokines and fatty acids secreted from adipocytes as well as cytokines secreted from other immune cells in AT. There are several mechanisms that could explain the large increase in ATMs in obesity. These include recruitment-dependent mechanisms such as adipocyte death, chemokine release, and lipolysis of fatty acids. Newer evidence also points to recruitment-independent mechanisms such as impaired apoptosis, increased proliferation, and decreased egress. Although less is known about the homeostatic function of M2-like resident ATMs, recent evidence suggests roles in AT expansion, thermoregulation, antigen presentation, and iron homeostasis. The field of immunometabolism has come a long way in the past decade, and many exciting new discoveries are bound to be made in the coming years that will expand our understanding of how AT stands at the junction of immune and metabolic co-regulation.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Cell Movement; Cytokines; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Macrophages; Metabolic Diseases; Organ Specificity; Panniculitis; Phenotype; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 25319332
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12216 -
Sclerosing mesenteritis and mesenteric panniculitis - clinical experience and radiological features.BMC Gastroenterology Jun 2017Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is sometimes used as an umbrella-term for idiopathic inflammatory conditions in the mesentery. Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a...
BACKGROUND
Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is sometimes used as an umbrella-term for idiopathic inflammatory conditions in the mesentery. Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a radiological finding and its relation to clinical SM is not fully understood. The aims of this study were to determine whether any correlation could be found between the radiological findings and the clinical disease course.
METHODS
Patients observed due to idiopathic inflammation of the mesentery were identified. If SM could be verified histologically or MP radiologically, the patients were included in this descriptive retro perspective study.
RESULTS
Typical radiological changes were observed in 27 patients. A majority (23/27) of these patients had mild to moderate symptoms. This group with typical radiology was labelled MP. Four patients were included due to histologically verified disease but had uncharacteristic radiology involving multiple compartments of the abdomen. All four had marked systemic inflammation, fever and fluctuating radiologic findings. Three had severe disease with multiple hospitalisations and complications but responded promptly to corticosteroids. This group was denoted SM.
CONCLUSIONS
We have identified two subgroups of patients; firstly, MP with stable and characteristic radiologic changes and secondly SM with atypical radiology and a more aggressive clinical course. We propose that the term SM should be reserved for this latter condition.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Panniculitis; Panniculitis, Peritoneal; Prospective Studies; Radiography; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Sweden; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 28610559
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0632-7 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2018While the majority of panniculitides are benign in nature, there are rare instances when panniculitis presents as the initial sign of a complex disease state. We...
While the majority of panniculitides are benign in nature, there are rare instances when panniculitis presents as the initial sign of a complex disease state. We describe a case of panniculitis initially diagnosed as lupus profundus that was challenged when features of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis became apparent. We illustrate how some key clinical features and newer investigations can help differentiate between benign and malignant panniculitis.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Marrow; Female; Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Panniculitis; Panniculitis, Lupus Erythematosus; Remission Induction; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 29970609
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225170 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 2020A 72-year-old man was followed as an outpatient at our hospital for 6 years after surgery for small cell carcinoma of left adrenal gland origin. Follow-up abdominal...
A 72-year-old man was followed as an outpatient at our hospital for 6 years after surgery for small cell carcinoma of left adrenal gland origin. Follow-up abdominal computed tomography showed a 6-cm mass in the left lower mesentery. The patient underwent open laparotomy. The histological diagnosis was sclerosing mesenteritis. The previous specimens of the left adrenal mass were then re-examined with a microscope, and panniculitis was found around the small cell carcinoma. Both lesions were histologically similar to IgG4-related disease (RD), but they did not completely meet the diagnostic criteria of IgG4-RD clinically or histologically.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Laparotomy; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Molecular Mimicry; Panniculitis, Peritoneal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31708540
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3221-19 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2014We present the case of a 55-year-old Caucasian man presenting with polyarthritis, weight loss and multiple tender cutaneous nodules. Abnormal liver function tests...
We present the case of a 55-year-old Caucasian man presenting with polyarthritis, weight loss and multiple tender cutaneous nodules. Abnormal liver function tests prompted imaging of the liver which demonstrated liver metastases. Biopsy of the liver lesions confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Topics: Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Panniculitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25150233
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204290 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Feb 2020Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is an idiopathic benign disease characterized by fat necrosis, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. The relationship between obesity and...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is an idiopathic benign disease characterized by fat necrosis, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. The relationship between obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation has been reported. This study investigated the relationship of MP diagnosed using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively enrolled 104 patients with no radiological findings other than MP. Additionally, 76 individuals without any indicative radiological findings were included as controls. VAT and SAT were separately calculated (cm2) using a 3-dimensional workstation. The abdominal circumference was measured (cm).
RESULTS
The mean abdominal circumference was 99.9 ± 7.9 cm, SAT was 195.3 ± 89.1 cm2, and VAT was 203.9 ± 72.8 cm2 in the MP group. The abdominal circumference, VAT, and SAT were significantly higher in the MP group than in the control group (P < 0.001). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, cut-off level VAT and SAT were 167.5 cm2 (sensitivity 71%, specificity 69%) and 117.5 cm2 (sensitivity 78%, specificity 51 %), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Increased VAT and SAT were associated with MP, suggesting their role in the etiology of MP.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Middle Aged; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Panniculitis, Peritoneal; Retrospective Studies; Subcutaneous Fat
PubMed: 31655530
DOI: 10.3906/sag-1908-138 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Sep 2019Pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis (PPP) syndrome is a rare but critical disease with a high mortality rate. The diagnostic dilemma of PPP syndrome is the...
Pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis (PPP) syndrome is a rare but critical disease with a high mortality rate. The diagnostic dilemma of PPP syndrome is the fact that symptoms occur unexpectedly. A 48-year-old man presented with fever and painful swelling of the left foot that was initially mistaken for cellulitis and gouty arthritis. The diagnosis of PPP syndrome was made based on the abdominal CT findings and elevated pancreatic enzyme levels, lobular panniculitis with ghost cells on a skin biopsy, and polyarthritis on a bone scan. The pancreatitis and panniculitis disappeared spontaneously over time, but the polyarthritis followed its own course despite the use of anti-inflammatory agents. In addition to this case, 30 cases of PPP syndrome in the English literature were reviewed. Most of the patients had initial symptoms other than abdominal pain, leading to misdiagnosis. About one-third of them were finally diagnosed with a pancreatic tumor, of which pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma was the most dominant. They showed a mortality rate of 32.3%, associated mainly with the pancreatic malignancy. Therefore, PPP syndrome should be considered when cutaneous or osteoarticular manifestations occur in patients with pancreatitis. Active investigation and continued observations are needed for patients suspected of PPP syndrome.
Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Gouty; Bone and Bones; Cellulitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythema; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Octreotide; Pancreatitis; Panniculitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31554034
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.74.3.175 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2014
Topics: Arthritis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Panniculitis; Syndrome
PubMed: 25035369
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.136926 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2014
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Panniculitis, Peritoneal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 24706708
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-203911 -
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Panniculitis, Peritoneal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38584652
DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2023.98397.3074