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Current Biology : CB Jun 2022Before visiting your local supermarket, do you write your food shopping list in the order you expect to encounter the items as you walk around, aisle by aisle? This way,...
Before visiting your local supermarket, do you write your food shopping list in the order you expect to encounter the items as you walk around, aisle by aisle? This way, you minimise your travel distance, saving time and effort. Many other animals do the same. Baboons (Papio ursinus) plan their foraging journeys to out-of-sight resources, moving in an efficient, goal-directed way, and nectar-collecting bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) use efficient travel routes when foraging on familiar resources.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Feeding Behavior; Plant Nectar
PubMed: 35728553
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.072 -
Zygote (Cambridge, England) Oct 2021Sperm morphometric and morphologic data have been shown to represent useful tools for monitoring fertility, improving assisted reproduction techniques and conservation...
Sperm morphometric and morphologic data have been shown to represent useful tools for monitoring fertility, improving assisted reproduction techniques and conservation of genetic material as well as detecting inbreeding of endangered primates. We provide here for the first time sperm morphologic and morphometric data from Cercopithecus neglectus, Cercopithecus cephus, Papio papio and critically endangered Cercopithecus roloway, as well as comparative data from other Cercopithecinae species, i.e. Allochrocebus lhoesti, Mandrillus sphinx and Papio anubis. Following collection from the epididymis, spermatozoa were measured for each species for the following parameters: head length, head width, head perimeter, head area, midpiece length and total flagellum length, and the head volume, ellipticity, elongation, roughness and regularity were then calculated. Our data are consistent with both the general morphology and the morphometric proportions of Cercopithecinae sperm. Some specificities were observed, with C. cephus displaying a narrow head (width = 2.76 ± 0.26 µM) and C. roloway displaying a short midpiece (6.65 ± 0.61 µM). This data set represents an important contribution, especially for Cercopithecus roloway, one of the most endangered monkeys in the world, and further data on additional specimens coupled to data on mating systems and reproductive ecology should allow a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these morphological differences across primate species.
Topics: Animals; Cercopithecinae; Epididymis; Fertility; Male; Reproduction; Sperm Head; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 33731237
DOI: 10.1017/S0967199421000186 -
Aging Nov 2021
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Female; Fibroblasts; Homeostasis; Male; Models, Biological; Oxidative Stress; Papio; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 34845113
DOI: 10.18632/aging.203728 -
Genes Feb 2023Baboons (genus ) are an intriguing study system to investigate complex evolutionary processes and the evolution of social systems. An increasing number of studies over... (Review)
Review
Baboons (genus ) are an intriguing study system to investigate complex evolutionary processes and the evolution of social systems. An increasing number of studies over the last 20 years has shown that considerable incongruences exist between phylogenies based on morphology, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence data of modern baboons, and hybridization and introgression have been suggested as the main drivers of these patterns. Baboons, therefore, present an excellent opportunity to study these phenomena and their impact on speciation. Advances both in geographic and genomic coverage provide increasing details on the complexity of the phylogeography of baboons. Here, we compile the georeferenced genetic data of baboons and review the current knowledge on baboon phylogeny, discuss the evolutionary processes that may have shaped the patterns that we observe today, and propose future avenues for research.
Topics: Animals; Papio; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Hybridization, Genetic; Genomics
PubMed: 36980887
DOI: 10.3390/genes14030614 -
Science Advances Oct 2023Humans are strategic cooperators; we make decisions on the basis of costs and benefits to maintain high levels of cooperation, and this is thought to have played a key...
Humans are strategic cooperators; we make decisions on the basis of costs and benefits to maintain high levels of cooperation, and this is thought to have played a key role in human evolution. In comparison, monkeys and apes might lack the cognitive capacities necessary to develop flexible forms of cooperation. We show that Guinea baboons () can use direct reciprocity and partner choice to develop and maintain high levels of cooperation in a prosocial choice task. Our findings demonstrate that monkeys have the cognitive capacities to adjust their level of cooperation strategically using a combination of partner choice and partner control strategies. Such capacities were likely present in our common ancestor and would have provided the foundations for the evolution of typically human forms of cooperation.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Papio papio; Hominidae; Cooperative Behavior
PubMed: 37889969
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5282 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Aug 2020To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread... (Review)
Review
To balance the trade-offs of male co-residence, males living in multi-male groups may exchange ritualized greetings. Although these non-aggressive signals are widespread in the animal kingdom, the repertoire described in the genus is exceptional, involving potentially harmful behaviours such as genital fondling. Such greetings are among the most striking male baboon social interactions, yet their function remains disputed. Drawing on the comprehensive analysis from our own research on wild Guinea baboons, combined with a survey of the literature into other baboon species, we review the form and function of male-male ritualized greetings and their relation to the various social systems present in this genus. These ritualized signals differ between species in their occurrence, form and function. While ritualized greetings are rare in species with the most intense contest competition, the complexity of and risk involved in greeting rituals increase with the degree of male-male tolerance and cooperation. The variety of societies found in this genus, combined with its role as a model for human socioecological evolution, sheds light on the evolution of ritualized behaviour in non-human primates and rituals in humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours'.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological Evolution; Ceremonial Behavior; Cultural Evolution; Female; Male; Papio
PubMed: 32594879
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0420 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Trichuriasis is among the most prevalent worldwide parasitism caused by helminths. For many years, spp. have been described with a relatively narrow range of both...
Trichuriasis is among the most prevalent worldwide parasitism caused by helminths. For many years, spp. have been described with a relatively narrow range of both morphological and biometrical features. The use of the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is an alternative and powerful molecular method for inferring phylogenies. Here, we present an overview of the contributions of mitogenome for spp. from human and non-human primates. In addition, we carry out structural and phylogenetic comparative analyses with genomes of species available in public datasets. The complete mt genomes of and sp. from and from are 14,091 bp, 14,047 bp and 14,089 bp in length, respectively. The three mt genomes are circular and consist of 37 genes-13 PCGs (1-3, 1-6, 4L, 6, 8 and b), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two rRNAs (L and S). The molecular evidence presented here supports the hypothesis that de (TMF31) and de (TPM1) were similar but genetically different with respect to sp. from macaques (TMM5). The phylogenetic study also supported the evolution of the different species. In conclusion, we suggest the existence of two cryptic species parasitizing .
PubMed: 33562044
DOI: 10.3390/life11020126 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2018The Old World non-human primates (NHP) - baboons (Papio spp.) share similarities with humans regarding fetal and placental development and some pregnancy-related...
The Old World non-human primates (NHP) - baboons (Papio spp.) share similarities with humans regarding fetal and placental development and some pregnancy-related complications. Information about the mechanism of birth and complications arising during parturition in these species is relatively sparse. In this manuscript, we add information from a series of pathological and observational cases to highlight insights and selected complications of birth in Papio spp, based on video-recording of the delivery process, X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound evaluations in pregnant baboons. Additionally, we abstracted pathology records obtained from perinatal loss in a large baboon colony during a 17 year period. The presented cases provide important information for the management of pregnancy and delivery in Papio spp.
Topics: Animals; Female; Gestational Age; Labor, Obstetric; Male; Papio; Parturition; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 29352119
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19221-4 -
Current Biology : CB Sep 2013
Topics: Altruism; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chiroptera; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Grooming; Humans; Male; Pan troglodytes; Papio
PubMed: 24070439
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.052 -
General and Comparative Endocrinology Feb 2021Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) are measures of long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity and can be used as indicators of chronic stress....
Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) are measures of long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity and can be used as indicators of chronic stress. However, intrinsic factors such as an animal's age and sex can also have an impact on resulting HCCs. Although baboons are commonly studied in captivity, little is known about baseline HCC in this population. Here we measured HCC in two same-sex groups of captive olive (Papio hamadryas anubis) baboons and olive/yellow baboon (Papio hamadryas cynocephalus) crosses housed in large outdoor corrals, and we assessed the impact of age and sex on HCC as major variables of interest. Hair was gently shaved from the back of the neck when the animals were sedated for routine physicals. Subjects were divided into three age categories: juvenile (2-4 years), adult (9-12 years), and senior (13-19 years). The "senior" category contained only males. Results confirm an effect of sex and age on HCCs. Females had higher levels of hair cortisol than males, and juveniles had higher levels than adults. There was also a significant sex × age interaction. There were no sex differences in HCCs in juveniles, but there was a greater decline in HCCs in adult males than in adult females. Within males, there was a significant difference in levels of hair cortisol across the three age categories. Juveniles had higher levels than did adults and seniors, but adults and seniors were not significantly different from one another. These results provide baseline measures of hair cortisol in captive baboons and demonstrate effects of sex and age on HCCs.
Topics: Animals; Child, Preschool; Female; Hair; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Papio; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 33301757
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113692