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Proceedings of the National Academy of... Feb 1979The nucleotide sequence from 0.64 to 0.53 map units in the BK virus genome coding for the small t protein has been determined. There is only one open reading frame that...
The nucleotide sequence from 0.64 to 0.53 map units in the BK virus genome coding for the small t protein has been determined. There is only one open reading frame that can code for a polypeptide of 172 amino acids, the putative small t protein. Beyond this segment, multiple termination codons are present in all three reading frames. There is considerable nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology between this region of BK virus and the analogous region of simian virus 40, especially in the proximal portion from 0.64 to 0.60 map units which is most likely common to the small t and large T BK virus proteins. A comparison of the conserved sequences within the early papovavirus genes both confirms the evolutionary relationship between these viruses and suggests the amino acid composition of the regions required for T antigen functions.
Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Viral; BK Virus; Base Sequence; Codon; DNA, Viral; Genes; Genes, Regulator; Genes, Viral; Nucleic Acid Precursors; Polyomavirus; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 218208
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.2.565 -
Journal of Virology Jul 1977The DNA of three cloned lines of hamster kidney cells transformed by human papovavirus BK DNA was examined by reassociation kinetics for viral sequences and found to...
The DNA of three cloned lines of hamster kidney cells transformed by human papovavirus BK DNA was examined by reassociation kinetics for viral sequences and found to contain 2.7 to 5.3 equivalents of viral DNA per diploid genome. In the one line examined with the four R-HindIII fragments of the human papovavirus BK genome, the entire viral genome was uniformly represented.
Topics: Animals; BK Virus; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromosome Mapping; Clone Cells; Cricetinae; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Neoplasm; DNA, Viral; Polyomavirus
PubMed: 196104
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.23.1.205-208.1977 -
Journal of Virology May 1984We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the HindIII-B DNA segment of African green monkey B-lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV), which shows a highly restricted host...
We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the HindIII-B DNA segment of African green monkey B-lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV), which shows a highly restricted host range and whose genome is a 5.1-kilobase-long circular DNA. The segment, consisting of 1,123 base pairs, contained the origin of DNA replication, the putative control region for early transcription, and the region probably coding for the amino-terminal portion of T antigens. The symmetrical region at the center of replication origin, 5'-GAGGC CA GGGGCCCC TA GCCTC-3' (on the L strand), has diverged in the central portion from the corresponding regions of primate polyomaviruses simian virus 40, BK virus, and JC virus, but resembles that of mouse polyomavirus. The structure of the control region upstream of the replication origin was unique to LPV and contained several repeated sequences, the longest of which were two 60-base-pair tandem repeats. The amino-terminal region common to LPV small T and large T antigens showed some homology (41%) in the deduced amino acid sequence to that of both simian virus 40 and the mouse polyomavirus. Like other polyomaviruses, the probable carboxyl-terminal region unique to LPV small T antigen contained two sets of the Cys-x-Cys-x-x-Cys structure. These data show that, despite the unique structures in the control region, LPV is evolutionally related to the mouse polyomavirus and to simian virus 40.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Base Sequence; Chlorocebus aethiops; DNA Replication; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Viral; Papillomaviridae; Polyomaviridae; Transcription, Genetic; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 6323745
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.50.2.451-456.1984 -
Journal of Virology Apr 1975The polypeptide composition of labeled BK virus was compared with that of simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyoma virus by co-electrophoresis of disrupted virions in...
The polypeptide composition of labeled BK virus was compared with that of simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyoma virus by co-electrophoresis of disrupted virions in polyacrylamide gels containing approximately 73% of the capsid protein and had a molecular weight of 39,000. It was smaller than VP1 of SV40 and polyoma virus. The other polypeptides of BK virus were similar in molecular weight to those of SV40. A comparison of the proteins of BK virus and SV40 iodinated with chloramine T before and after disruption in alkaline buffer at pH 10.5 revealed differences between the two viruses in the number and distribution of tyrosines available for iodination. The tryptic peptides of VP1, VP3, VP4, and VP5 combined of SV40 were compared with those of the same polypeptides of BK virus. Among the 19 peptides of VP1 resolved, only two were common to both viruses. The analyses of VP4 and VP5, the histone-like proteins, however, showed more similarity between the viruses, with 6 of 15 resolved peptides in common. The tryptic digests of VP3 were completely different.
Topics: Carbon Radioisotopes; Centrifugation, Zonal; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Iodine; Lysine; Molecular Weight; Papillomaviridae; Peptides; Polyomaviridae; Polyomavirus; Protein Hydrolysates; Simian virus 40; Tritium; Trypsin
PubMed: 163921
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.15.4.828-835.1975 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 1987Human papovavirus JCV is associated with the human demyelinating disorder progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. In tissue culture, the virus is largely restricted...
Human papovavirus JCV is associated with the human demyelinating disorder progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. In tissue culture, the virus is largely restricted to growth in primary human fetal glial cell. In this study, we demonstrate two levels of regulation of the viral host range. Expression of the early JCV mRNA, which encodes the essential viral protein, large tumor antigen (T antigen), depends on recognition of the early enhancer/promoter elements by tissue-specific factors found in both human and rodent glial cells. In the presence of JCV T antigen, viral DNA replication requires a species-specific factor, presumably a component of DNA polymerase, which is found in a wide range of primate cells. We further demonstrate that simian virus 40 T antigen has sufficient homology to efficiently substitute for the analogous JCV protein in initiating viral DNA replication.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; DNA Replication; Fetus; Humans; JC Virus; Plasmids; Polyomavirus; Transfection; Virus Replication
PubMed: 3035549
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3695 -
Molecular and Cellular Biology Oct 1988Transcription of major histocompatibility complex class II genes is elaborately regulated. Mouse class II genes are transcribed primarily in B cells, peripheral...
Transcription of major histocompatibility complex class II genes is elaborately regulated. Mouse class II genes are transcribed primarily in B cells, peripheral macrophages and interdigitating cells, and thymic cortical and medullary cells. In this study, we began to identify the DNA sequences and protein factors that control expression of a class II gene in B cells, addressing in particular how closely they resemble those that regulate immunoglobulin gene expression. We describe a region upstream of the E alpha gene that is crucial for its transcription in the B cells of transgenic mice but is less important in cultured B-cell lines. The sequence of this region reveals several familiar motifs, including a second X-Y pair reminiscent of that residing in the promoter-proximal region of all class II genes, a B motif strikingly homologous to that associated with the immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancer, several Ephrussi motifs, and a Pu box-like sequence very similar to that implicated in simian virus 40 and lymphotrophic papovavirus expression in B cells. Careful study of the proteins that bind specifically to these different motifs prompts us to suggest that major histocompatibility complex class II and immunoglobulin genes rely on quite different factors to achieve B-cell-specific expression.
Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Base Sequence; Cell Line; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, MHC Class II; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Molecular Sequence Data; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 3141781
DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.10.3975-3987.1988 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Dec 1978Isolated simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyoma nucleoprotein complexes contain endonuclease that, under in vitro conditions, converts part (up to 30%) of the covalently...
Isolated simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyoma nucleoprotein complexes contain endonuclease that, under in vitro conditions, converts part (up to 30%) of the covalently closed superhelical DNA to full-length linear rods. The positions of the cleavage sites within the genomes of SV40 and polyoma were determined by digestion with various single-cut restriction endonucleases and subsequent agarose gel electrophoresis of the cleavage products. Both SV40 and polyoma covalently closed superhelical DNA were cleaved open at their respective origins of DNA replication (+/- 75 base pairs). The full-length linear DNA rods whose ends map adjacent to the origin of DNA replication could also be isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/phenol extraction both from SV40-infected permissive cells and from purified SV40 virions. These data reveal the presence of a unique structure of the papovavirus chromatin close to the initiation site of DNA replication.
Topics: Chromatin; Chromosome Mapping; DNA Replication; DNA, Circular; DNA, Viral; Endonucleases; Kinetics; Polyomavirus; Simian virus 40; Virus Replication
PubMed: 216004
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.5964 -
Journal of Virology Jan 1989We have analyzed the cis-acting sequence elements and properties of the origin of DNA replication of human papovavirus BK (BKV). The precise boundaries of the origin...
We have analyzed the cis-acting sequence elements and properties of the origin of DNA replication of human papovavirus BK (BKV). The precise boundaries of the origin varied, depending on the cell type and the viral T antigen used for assay. The BKV minimal origin of replication consisted of an inverted repeat, T-antigen-binding site II, and a 20-base-pair AT block when assayed in monkey kidney CV1 and HeLa cells by using the BKV T antigen. This 76-base-pair minimal origin did not replicate in COS cells in the presence of the simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen. Unlike that from the SV40 minimal origin, replication from the BKV minimal origin was not enhanced by BKV ori-flanking sequences in CV1 or HeLa cells, using the BKV T antigen. BKV ori-flanking sequences did activate the SV40 minimal origin of replication in COS cells and relieved the orientation-dependent property of this origin. Finally, the BKV T antigen was found to autoregulate activity of the BKV early transcriptional regulatory region. The BKV origin of replication shows similarities to and differences from those of the related viruses SV40 and polyomavirus, suggesting that the proteins involved in the initiation of replication interact with origin sequences differently in these viruses.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; BK Virus; Cell Line; Cell Line, Transformed; DNA Replication; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mutation; Plasmids; Polyomavirus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 2535736
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.63.1.356-365.1989 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Feb 1987An expression vector was constructed that carries part of the human BK papovavirus with 0.5 kilobases of (2'-5')oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase cDNA inserted in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
An expression vector was constructed that carries part of the human BK papovavirus with 0.5 kilobases of (2'-5')oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase cDNA inserted in inverted orientation downstream from the virion proteins (VP) promoter and the neomycin-resistance gene neo under the control of a simian virus 40 promoter. Cells transfected with this vector and selected for resistance to the neomycin derivative G418 synthesized RNA complementary to 2-5A synthetase mRNA. These cells lacked 2-5A synthetase activity, and the enzyme was not inducible by interferon. In contrast, 2-5A synthetase was induced in cells transfected with a control vector without the cDNA insert. Such cells were protected by interferon from RNA viruses, whereas cells lacking 2-5A synthetase were not protected from encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and Sindbis virus but were fully protected from influenza virus. These findings show that a high level of 2-5A synthetase is required for interferon-induced protection from the cytoplasmic RNA viruses tested.
Topics: 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase; BK Virus; Cell Line; DNA; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Interferon Type I; Osteosarcoma; Polyomavirus; RNA; RNA, Complementary; Species Specificity; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Viruses
PubMed: 2433688
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.3.658 -
Journal of Virology May 2000We have identified the etiological agent of hemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese (HNEG), a fatal disease of European geese. HNEG has been recognized in almost all...
We have identified the etiological agent of hemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese (HNEG), a fatal disease of European geese. HNEG has been recognized in almost all goose breeding areas, with an epizootic pattern, and up to now, the infectious agent has remained unknown. In order to identify the causative agent, infected tissues from HNEG-affected geese were inoculated to 1-day-old goslings, which then developed clinical signs typical of HNEG. Tissue homogenates from these birds were subjected to Freon extraction followed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The resulting main band was examined by electron microscopy and consisted of spherical, naked, papovavirus-like particles approximately 45 nm in diameter. The virus was isolated and propagated in goose kidney cell primary culture. Tissue- or culture-purified virus allowed the experimental reproduction of the disease in goslings. Random PCR amplification of viral nucleic acid produced a 1,175-bp fragment which was shown to be associated with field samples collected from geese affected by HNEG on commercial farms in France. Sequence analysis of the PCR product revealed a unique open reading frame, showing 63 to 72% amino acid similarity with the major capsid protein (VP1) of several polyomaviruses. Finally, based on phylogenetic analysis, we conclude that the causative agent of HNEG is closely related to but clearly distinct from other polyomaviruses; we thus have named this newly identified virus Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bird Diseases; Cells, Cultured; DNA, Viral; Enteritis; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Geese; Molecular Sequence Data; Nephritis; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polyomavirus; Polyomavirus Infections; Tumor Virus Infections; Virion
PubMed: 10775588
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.10.4523-4529.2000