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Peritoneal Dialysis International :... 2015Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) differ with respect to osmotic and buffer compound, and pH and glucose degradation products (GDP) content. The impact on peritoneal...
INTRODUCTION
Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) differ with respect to osmotic and buffer compound, and pH and glucose degradation products (GDP) content. The impact on peritoneal membrane integrity is still insufficiently described. We assessed global genomic effects of PDF in primary human peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) by whole genome analyses, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and functional measurements.
METHODS
PMC isolated from omentum of non-uremic patients were incubated with conventional single chamber PDF (CPDF), lactate- (LPDF), bicarbonate- (BPDF) and bicarbonate/lactate-buffered double-chamber PDF (BLPDF), icodextrin (IPDF) and amino acid PDF (APDF), diluted 1:1 with medium. Affymetrix GeneChip U133Plus2.0 (Affymetrix, CA, USA) and quantitative RT-PCR were applied; cell viability was assessed by proliferation assays.
RESULTS
The number of differentially expressed genes compared to medium was 464 with APDF, 208 with CPDF, 169 with IPDF, 71 with LPDF, 45 with BPDF and 42 with BLPDF. Out of these genes 74%, 73%, 79%, 72%, 47% and 57% were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) term annotations mainly revealed associations with cell cycle (p = 10(-35)), cell division, mitosis, and DNA replication. One hundred and eighteen out of 249 probe sets detecting genes involved in cell cycle/division were suppressed, with APDF-treated PMC being affected the most regarding absolute number and degree, followed by CPDF and IPDF. Bicarbonate-containing PDF and BLPDF-treated PMC were affected the least. Quantitative RT-PCR measurements confirmed microarray findings for key cell cycle genes (CDK1/CCNB1/CCNE2/AURKA/KIF11/KIF14). Suppression was lowest for BPDF and BLPDF, they upregulated CCNE2 and SMC4. All PDF upregulated 3 out of 4 assessed cell cycle repressors (p53/BAX/p21). Cell viability scores confirmed gene expression results, being 79% of medium for LPDF, 101% for BLPDF, 51% for CPDF and 23% for IPDF. Amino acid-containing PDF (84%) incubated cells were as viable as BPDF (86%).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, PD solutions substantially differ with regard to their gene regulating profile and impact on vital functions of PMC, i.e. on cells known to be essential for peritoneal membrane homeostasis.
Topics: Cell Cycle; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Dialysis Solutions; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Omentum; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 25082841
DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00010 -
Nephron 1999
Review
Topics: Humans; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritoneum; Peritonitis
PubMed: 10357643
DOI: 10.1159/000045318 -
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology... 2020
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Liver Diseases; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Swimming
PubMed: 32119829
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.02.002 -
The British Journal of Radiology Dec 2016To compare the dose distributions of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB)...
OBJECTIVE
To compare the dose distributions of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique with that of the traditional midline block (MB) technique for boosting the parametrium in patients with cervical cancer.
METHODS
Treatment plans using VMAT or IMRT with the SIB technique (VMAT-SIB and IMRT-SIB) and IMRT followed by the MB technique (IMRT-MB) were generated for each of the 10 patients with cervical cancer. For the SIB plans, 45-Gy and 50-Gy dose levels in 25 equal fractions were set for the pelvis planning target volume 45 (PTV) and the parametrial boost volume (PTV), respectively. For the IMRT-MB plans, the parametrium was sequentially boosted with the MB technique (5.4 Gy in three fractions) after pelvic IMRT (PTV).
RESULTS
Volume receiving 100% of the prescribed dose or more coverage of the PTV was significantly better for VMAT-SIB and IMRT-SIB than that for IMRT-MB (99.08 and 99.31% compared with 91.79%, respectively; p < 0.05). VMAT-SIB and IMRT-SIB both generated significantly greater doses to the organs at risk (OARs) except for the volume receiving 50 Gy or more doses, which were significantly lower for the bladder and bowel. Comparable results were achieved with VMAT-SIB and IMRT-SIB.
CONCLUSION
The VMAT-SIB and IMRT-SIB techniques are promising in terms of dose distributions and tumour coverage, although these approaches might result in slightly higher doses of radiation to the OARs. Advances in knowledge: This is the first study to examine the feasibility of the SIB technique using IMRT or VMAT to boost the parametrium. The techniques dosimetrically produced better target coverage but resulted in slightly higher doses to the OARs.
Topics: Aged; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Peritoneum; Radiometry; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 27706947
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160526 -
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 2021Develop a 3D model for the simulation of laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP).
PURPOSE
Develop a 3D model for the simulation of laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP).
METHODS
This is an experimental study, 18 participants were selected, divided into three groups, experimental (GE) surgeons in training, control (GC) experienced surgeons and Shaw (GS) nonexperienced surgeons. The simulation in the 3D model was carried out in 6 sessions fulfilling the 5 stages. Opening the peritoneum with the creation of the preperitoneal space; identification of important structures; hernia identification and reduction; placement and fixation of the mesh in Cooper's ligament and closure of the peritoneum.
RESULTS
In the 1st stage, the GE obtained an average of 1.25 ± 0.42 in the 1st session and 3.25 ± 0.62 in the 6th session (p = 0.05) and in the 5th stage 0.91 ± 0.29 in the first session. 1st session and 1.91 ± 0.29 in the 6th session (p = 0.001), with no significant difference between groups. The learning and skill curve in the SG represented 1.08 ± 0.29 1st and 3.50 ± 0.90 6th session (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The creation of a systematization of training in simulation applied to the three-dimensional model enabled gain in laparoscopic skills and underpinned its theoretical and practical foundations.
Topics: Hernia, Inguinal; Herniorrhaphy; Humans; Laparoscopy; Peritoneum; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 33605310
DOI: 10.1590/ACB360108 -
Digestive Surgery 2015It is now well established that mesenteric-based colorectal surgery is associated with superior outcomes. Recent anatomic observations have demonstrated that the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
It is now well established that mesenteric-based colorectal surgery is associated with superior outcomes. Recent anatomic observations have demonstrated that the mesenteric organ is contiguous from the duodenojejunal to the anorectal junction. This led to similar observations in relation to associated peritoneum and fascia. The aim of this review was to demonstrate the relevance of the contiguity principle to resectional colorectal surgery.
METHODS
All literature in relation to mesenteric anatomy was reviewed from 1873 to the present, without language restriction.
RESULTS
Mesenteric-based surgery (i.e. complete mesocolic excision, total mesocolic and mesorectal excision) requires division of the peritoneal reflection (i.e. peritonotomy), and mesenteric mobilisation in the mesofascial plane. These are the fundamental technical elements of mesenterectomy. Mesenteric, peritoneal and fascial contiguity mean that in resectional surgery, these technical elements can be reproducibly applied at all levels from the origin at the superior mesenteric root, to the anorectal junction.
CONCLUSIONS
The goals of complete mesocolic, total mesocolic and mesorectal excision can be universally achieved at any level from duodenojejunal flexure to anorectal junction, by adopting technical elements based on mesenteric, peritoneal and fascial contiguity.
Topics: Anal Canal; Colectomy; Colon; Dissection; Duodenum; Fascia; Fasciotomy; Humans; Jejunum; Mesentery; Peritoneum; Rectum
PubMed: 26138509
DOI: 10.1159/000431365 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... Apr 2009Peritoneal dialysis is an alternative to hemodialysis in the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease. Long-term use of peritoneal dialysis is limited by... (Review)
Review
Peritoneal dialysis is an alternative to hemodialysis in the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease. Long-term use of peritoneal dialysis is limited by progressive alterations in the peritoneal membrane. The pathological changes in the peritoneum are due to the exposure to traditional nonphysiological peritoneal dialysis fluids that have low pH, high glucose and glucose degradation product content, and high molarity. Repeated episodes of bacterial peritonitis are another cause of peritoneal membrane damage. The characteristic features of peritoneal alterations include peritoneal fibrosis and morphologic changes in the peritoneal microvasculature with the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the submesothelial area and loss of mesothelial cells.These changes in the peritoneal membrane cause ultrafiltration failure and loss of dialysis efficacy. The pathogenesis of the peritoneal membrane damage is very complicated and understanding the processes involved in these alterations will be crucial in improving treatment with peritoneal dialysis. Some points of view on fibrosis of peritoneal membrane in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are presented here.
Topics: Epithelium; Fibrosis; Humans; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum
PubMed: 19502680
DOI: No ID Found -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Sep 2015Several studies suggest that resistance to progesterone may contribute to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Progesterone mediates its biological activity via the 2...
BACKGROUND
Several studies suggest that resistance to progesterone may contribute to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Progesterone mediates its biological activity via the 2 progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms (PR-A and PR-B). Effects of progesterone are determined by the PR-A:PR-B ratio such that a PR-B-dominant state promotes progesterone signaling, whereas a PR-A-dominant state decreases progesterone responsiveness. Our objective was to compare the abundance and cellular localization of the PR isoforms in endometrium and endometriotic lesions from women with and without peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis.
METHODS
This in vitro study was conducted in a tertiary care facility. Reproductive-age women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis (n = 18) and asymptomatic control individuals (n = 20) were prospectively recruited at the late proliferative and the early secretory phases. At laparoscopy, samples of eutopic endometrium, peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis, and disease-free peritoneum were obtained for subsequent immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis of PR-B and total PR localization and PR-A and PR-B abundance, respectively.
RESULTS
The PR-A and PR-B were detected in eutopic endometrium and in peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis but not in disease-free peritoneum from patients with and without endometriosis. In peritoneal endometriosis, PR-A was the predominant isoform detected, whereas both receptors were detected in ovarian endometriosis and eutopic endometrium. In eutopic endometrium, levels of PR-A were significantly elevated in women with endometriosis compared with women without disease, regardless of menstrual phase. The PR-A levels were significantly elevated in ovarian endometriosis compared with peritoneal endometriosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Endometriotic lesions and eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis are uniform in a PR-A-dominant state. The data suggest that menstrual efflux of a PR-A-dominant endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity may play a role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Blotting, Western; Case-Control Studies; Cell Proliferation; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Laparoscopy; Ovary; Peritoneum; Prospective Studies; Protein Isoforms; Receptors, Progesterone
PubMed: 26037298
DOI: 10.1177/1933719115585145 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2021Cystic lesions found in and around the peritoneal cavity can often be challenging to diagnose owing to significant overlap in imaging appearance between the different...
Cystic lesions found in and around the peritoneal cavity can often be challenging to diagnose owing to significant overlap in imaging appearance between the different entities. When the cystic lesion can be recognized to arise from one of the solid abdominal organs, the differential considerations can be more straightforward; however, many cystic lesions, particularly when large, cannot be clearly associated with one of the solid organs. Cystic lesions arising from the mesentery and peritoneum are less commonly encountered and can be caused by relatively rare entities or by a variant appearance of less-rare entities. The authors provide an overview of the classification of cystic and cystic-appearing lesions and the basic imaging principles in evaluating them, followed by a summary of the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of various cystic and cystic-appearing lesions found in and around the peritoneal cavity, organized by site of origin. Emphasis is given to lesions arising from the mesentery, peritoneum, or gastrointestinal tract. Cystic lesions arising from the liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, urachus, adnexa, or soft tissue are briefly discussed and illustrated with cases to demonstrate the overlap in imaging appearance with mesenteric and peritoneal cystic lesions. When approaching a cystic lesion, the key imaging features to assess include cyst content, locularity, wall thickness, and presence of internal septa, solid components, calcifications, or any associated enhancement. While definitive diagnosis is not always possible with imaging, careful assessment of the imaging appearance, location, and relationship to adjacent structures can help narrow the differential diagnosis. RSNA, 2021.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mesentery; Pelvis; Peritoneum
PubMed: 34469214
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200207 -
The American Journal of Pathology Apr 1973This paper describes the cytologic effects of drying or wetting of visceral peritoneum and the course of mesothelial regeneration. Using en face silver staining and...
This paper describes the cytologic effects of drying or wetting of visceral peritoneum and the course of mesothelial regeneration. Using en face silver staining and electron microscopy, it was found that mesothelial cells disappeared from the surface after the cecum was either briefly dried or kept wet with isotonic saline for 30 minutes; the fibrin-slide technic showed that such injury caused a loss of the normal serosal fibrinolytic activity. In following the course of mesothelial regeneration using the same technics, it was apparent that free-floating peritoneal mononuclear cells settled on the denuded surface where they spread out, attached to one another, and developed features (eg, microvilli) typical of mature mesothelial cells; such new mesothelium showed a greatly enhanced fibrinolytic activity.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Cecum; Cell Adhesion; Cell Differentiation; Epithelium; Fibrinolysis; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Peritoneum; Rats; Regeneration; Staining and Labeling; Wound Healing
PubMed: 4121754
DOI: No ID Found