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Viruses Apr 2024A massive mortality event concerning farmed Chinese tongue soles occurred in Tianjin, China, and the causative agent remains unknown. Here, a novel papillomavirus...
A massive mortality event concerning farmed Chinese tongue soles occurred in Tianjin, China, and the causative agent remains unknown. Here, a novel papillomavirus (CsPaV) and parvovirus (CsPV) were simultaneously isolated and identified from diseased fish via electron microscopy, virus isolation, genome sequencing, experimental challenges, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Electron microscopy showed large numbers of virus particles present in the tissues of diseased fish. Viruses that were isolated and propagated in flounder gill cells (FG) induced typical cytopathic effects (CPE). The cumulative mortality of fish given intraperitoneal injections reached 100% at 7 dpi. The complete genomes of CsPaV and CsPV comprised 5939 bp and 3663 bp, respectively, and the genomes shared no nucleotide sequence similarities with other viruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on the L1 and NS1 protein sequences revealed that CsPaV and CsPV were novel members of the Papillomaviridae and Parvoviridae families. The FISH results showed positive signals in the spleen tissues of infected fish, and both viruses could co-infect single cells. This study represents the first report where novel papillomavirus and parvovirus are identified in farmed marine cultured fish, and it provides a basis for further studies on the prevention and treatment of emerging viral diseases.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; China; Phylogeny; Flatfishes; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Genome, Viral; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
PubMed: 38793587
DOI: 10.3390/v16050705 -
Viruses Oct 2017Protoparvoviruses target the nucleus due to their dependence on the cellular reproduction machinery during the replication and expression of their single-stranded DNA... (Review)
Review
Protoparvoviruses target the nucleus due to their dependence on the cellular reproduction machinery during the replication and expression of their single-stranded DNA genome. In recent years, our understanding of the multistep process of the capsid nuclear import has improved, and led to the discovery of unique viral nuclear entry strategies. Preceded by endosomal transport, endosomal escape and microtubule-mediated movement to the vicinity of the nuclear envelope, the protoparvoviruses interact with the nuclear pore complexes. The capsids are transported actively across the nuclear pore complexes using nuclear import receptors. The nuclear import is sometimes accompanied by structural changes in the nuclear envelope, and is completed by intranuclear disassembly of capsids and chromatinization of the viral genome. This review discusses the nuclear import strategies of protoparvoviruses and describes its dynamics comprising active and passive movement, and directed and diffusive motion of capsids in the molecularly crowded environment of the cell.
Topics: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; Animals; Capsid; Capsid Proteins; Cell Nucleus; Genome, Viral; Humans; Karyopherins; Mice; Nuclear Envelope; Nuclear Pore; Parvovirus; Virus Internalization; Virus Replication
PubMed: 28974036
DOI: 10.3390/v9100286 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Feb 2013Parvoviruses have a linear single-stranded DNA genome, around 5 kb in length, with short imperfect terminal palindromes that fold back on themselves to form duplex... (Review)
Review
Parvoviruses have a linear single-stranded DNA genome, around 5 kb in length, with short imperfect terminal palindromes that fold back on themselves to form duplex hairpin telomeres. These contain most of the cis-acting information required for viral "rolling hairpin" DNA replication, an evolutionary adaptation of rolling-circle synthesis in which the hairpins create duplex replication origins, prime complementary strand synthesis, and act as hinges to reverse the direction of the unidirectional cellular fork. Genomes are packaged vectorially into small, rugged protein capsids ~260 Å in diameter, which mediate their delivery directly into the cell nucleus, where they await their host cell's entry into S phase under its own cell cycle control. Here we focus on genus-specific variations in genome structure and replication, and review host cell responses that modulate the nuclear environment.
Topics: DNA Damage; DNA Replication; DNA, Viral; Genetic Variation; Genome, Viral; Parvovirus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 23293137
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012989 -
Viruses Dec 2017Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is among the most important infectious agents causing infertility in pigs. Until recently, it was thought that the virus had low genetic... (Review)
Review
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is among the most important infectious agents causing infertility in pigs. Until recently, it was thought that the virus had low genetic variance, and that prevention of its harmful effect on pig fertility could be well-controlled by vaccination. However, at the beginning of the third millennium, field observations raised concerns about the effectiveness of the available vaccines against newly emerging strains. Subsequent investigations radically changed our view on the evolution and immunology of PPV, revealing that the virus is much more diverse than it was earlier anticipated, and that some of the "new" highly virulent isolates cannot be neutralized effectively by antisera raised against "old" PPV vaccine strains. These findings revitalized PPV research that led to significant advancements in the understanding of early and late viral processes during PPV infection. Our review summarizes the recent results of PPV research and aims to give a comprehensive update on the present understanding of PPV biology.
Topics: Animals; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Variation; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Porcine; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vaccination; Veterinary Medicine; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 29261104
DOI: 10.3390/v9120393 -
Archives of Virology Apr 2022Canine bufavirus (CBuV), a novel protoparvovirus of dogs that is associated with enteric and respiratory symptoms, has been reported only in Italy and China. The enteric...
Canine bufavirus (CBuV), a novel protoparvovirus of dogs that is associated with enteric and respiratory symptoms, has been reported only in Italy and China. The enteric prevalence of CBuV in India was investigated, and the nearly complete genome sequence (4292 bp) was amplified and reconstructed for one strain. A nucleotide sequence alignment indicated 93.42-98.81% identity to the other available CBuV sequences and 70.88-73.39% and 54.4-54.8% identity to human bufavirus and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2), respectively. The current strain is most closely related to Chinese CBuV strains, which together form an Asian lineage. This first report of the prevalence of CBuV in India emphasizes the need for further epidemiological surveillance.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Parvovirus, Canine; Phylogeny
PubMed: 35235060
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05398-7 -
Poultry Science Jul 2022In recent years, ostrich disease characterized by paralysis and diarrhea has been circulating in some regions of China, causing huge economic losses to the ostrich...
In recent years, ostrich disease characterized by paralysis and diarrhea has been circulating in some regions of China, causing huge economic losses to the ostrich breeding industry. In our study, clinical samples from diseased ostriches were collected, and only parvovirus was detected. The virus distribution analysis by histopathology and quantitative real-time PCR assays indicated that the virus had a wide range of tissue tropisms. The full-length genome of the ostrich parvovirus (OsPV) was sequenced and comprehensively analyzed. Interestingly, the phylogenetic and alignment results indicated that the OsPV and the goose parvovirus (GPV) form a separate branch. In contrast to GPV strains, OsPV showed 2 new 14 nucleotide deletions in the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region. Furthermore, recombination analysis indicated that OsPV was a recombination strain between the vaccine strain SYG61v and the virulent strain B strain, with the major parent of OsPV as the SYG61v strain and the minor parent as the B strain. The 14 nucleotide deletions in the ITR region as well as recombination may be some of the reasons for the cross-species transmission of parvovirus from goose to ostrich. The above data will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular biology of the novel OsPV and help to develop the vaccine candidate strain.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; China; Ducks; Geese; Genomics; Nucleotides; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirinae; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Struthioniformes
PubMed: 35691050
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101929 -
Virology Mar 2010Viral enteric disease in poultry is an ongoing problem in many parts of the world. Many enteric viruses have been identified in turkeys and chickens, including avian...
Viral enteric disease in poultry is an ongoing problem in many parts of the world. Many enteric viruses have been identified in turkeys and chickens, including avian astroviruses, rotaviruses, reoviruses, and coronaviruses. Through the application of a molecular screening method targeting particle-associated nucleic acid (PAN), we recently described the detection and partial characterization of a novel enteric parvovirus in chickens. Subsequent surveys of intestinal homogenates from turkeys and chickens in the United States revealed widespread occurrence of parvovirus in poultry. Here we report the first full genome sequence of a novel chicken parvovirus, ChPV ABU-P1. ChPV ABU-P1 genome organization, predicted amino acid sequence, and phylogenetic relationships with other described parvoviruses are discussed.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Capsid Proteins; Chickens; Chromosome Mapping; Genes, Viral; Genome, Viral; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Terminal Repeat Sequences; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
PubMed: 20097398
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.12.027 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Avian parvoviruses cause several enteric poultry diseases that have been increasingly diagnosed in Guangxi, China, since 2014. In this study, the whole-genome sequences...
Avian parvoviruses cause several enteric poultry diseases that have been increasingly diagnosed in Guangxi, China, since 2014. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of 32 strains of chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and 3 strains of turkey parvovirus (TuPV) were obtained by traditional PCR techniques. Phylogenetic analyses of 3 genes and full genome sequences were carried out, and 35 of the Guangxi ChPV/TuPV field strains were genetically different from 17 classic ChPV/TuPV reference strains. The nucleotide sequence alignment between ChPVs/TuPVs from Guangxi and other countries revealed 85.2-99.9% similarity, and the amino acid sequences showed 87.8-100% identity. The phylogenetic tree of these sequences could be divided into 6 distinct ChPV/TuPV groups. More importantly, 3 novel ChPV/TuPV groups were identified for the first time. Recombination analysis with RDP 5.0 revealed 15 recombinants in 35 ChPV/TuPV isolates. These recombination events were further confirmed by Simplot 3.5.1 analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on full genomes showed that Guangxi ChPV/TuPV strains did not cluster according to their geographic origin, and the identified Guangxi ChPV/TuPV strains differed from the reference strains. Overall, whole-genome characterizations of emerging Guangxi ChPV and TuPV field strains will provide more detailed insights into ChPV/TuPV mutations and recombination and their relationships with molecular epidemiological features.
Topics: Animals; Parvoviridae Infections; Chickens; Phylogeny; China; Parvovirus; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 37567941
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40349-5 -
Genetics and Molecular Research : GMR Sep 2017With the objective of characterizing Canine parvovirus (CPV) from some suspected fecal samples of dogs collected from the Veterinarian Hospital in Belém city, five...
With the objective of characterizing Canine parvovirus (CPV) from some suspected fecal samples of dogs collected from the Veterinarian Hospital in Belém city, five positive samples were found by PCR assay and an update molecular characterization was provided of the CPV-2 circulation in Belém. Through sequencing of the complete DNA sequences (NS1, NS2, VP1, and VP2 genes), the CPV-2 strain was identified as CPV-2b (Asn426Asp) circulating in Belém. The CPV-2b strain with a different change at the position Tyr324Leu was detected in all samples assessed and thus reported for the first time for the scientific community. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Belém CPV-2b and CPV-2a strains would be related to a cluster with samples after the 1990s, suggesting that CPV-2b in Belém originated from CPV-2a circulating in Brazil after the 1990s. Potential recombination events were analyzed using RDP4 and SplitsTree4; therefore, results suggest that CPV-2 sequences here described were not potentially recombination events. Continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of CPV-2 samples are needed not only to identify possible genetic and antigenic changes that may interfere with the effectiveness of vaccines but also to bring a better understanding of the mechanisms that drive the evolution of CPV-2 in Brazil.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Dogs; Feces; Genome, Viral; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Genetic; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 28973725
DOI: 10.4238/gmr16039719 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Apr 2002Viral infections are serious battles between pathogens and hosts. They can result in cell death, elimination of the virus or latent infection keeping both cells and... (Review)
Review
Viral infections are serious battles between pathogens and hosts. They can result in cell death, elimination of the virus or latent infection keeping both cells and pathogens alive. The outcome of an infection is often determined by cell signalling. Viruses deliver genomes and proteins with signalling potential into target cells and thereby alter the metabolism of the host. Virus interactions with cell surface receptors can elicit two types of signals, conformational changes of viral particles, and intracellular signals triggering specific cellular reactions. Responses by cells include stimulation of innate and adaptive immunity, growth, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. In addition, virus-activated cell signalling boosts viral entry and gene delivery, as recently shon for adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses. This review illustrates that multiple activation of host cells during viral entry profoundly impacts the elaborate relationship between hosts and viral pathogens.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Animals; Cell Survival; Endocytosis; Humans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Parvovirus; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Receptors, Virus; Signal Transduction; Virion; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 12022470
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-002-8453-3