-
Comparative Medicine Oct 2020Infectious respiratory diseases are a serious health concern worldwide. However, few models describe the experimental induction of lung infection, or the effect of...
Infectious respiratory diseases are a serious health concern worldwide. However, few models describe the experimental induction of lung infection, or the effect of experimental infection on clinical pathologic parameters in goats. Goats offer benefits compared to cattle because of size and tractability and compared to sheep with regard to specific features of their anatomy. In previous experimental models of infection in goats, coadministration of an immunosuppressive dose of a corticosteroid is common; however, protocols that use corticosteroid often note mortality as an adverse effect. We therefore investigated an infection protocol that did not use immunosuppression but instead relied on 2 intratracheal inoculations of in healthy meat goats to induce clinical and hematologic changes associated with respiratory infection. Healthy Boer or Boer-Kiko cross goats ( = 6; age, 10 mo) were inoculated with and were monitored over a 312-h period for clinical and hematologic parameters of infection. After induction of pneumonia, the goats had a significant 1.2 °C rise in rectal temperature and auscultatable rales for up to 96 h. Lymphocyte counts, serum amyloid A values, and respiratory scores were significantly different before and after induction of disease and were consistent with respiratory infection. No mortality was associated with this experimental infection, and minimal gross pathologic changes were noted at study termination. The clinical and pathologic findings of this study suggest a potentially reproducible method of establishing clinical respiratory infection in goats. The repeated intratracheal inoculation method of inducing caprine respiratory disease can be used to produce experimental respiratory disease in goats when the use of corticosteroid is not desirable. With the feasibility of this method established, additional research evaluating the optimal dose and frequency of administration is needed.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Goat Diseases; Goats; Pasteurella multocida; Sheep
PubMed: 32907695
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-20-000002 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Feb 2021To determine whether a stainless steel implant sterilized with a novel cold atmospheric plasma sterilization (CAPS) device adversely affects local tissues in rabbits and...
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a stainless steel implant sterilized with a novel cold atmospheric plasma sterilization (CAPS) device adversely affects local tissues in rabbits and whether CAPS was as effective as steam sterilization with an autoclave to inactivate
ANIMALS
31 healthy New Zealand White rabbits.
PROCEDURES
Steam-autoclaved stainless steel implants inoculated with underwent a second steam autoclave sterilization (AIA) or CAPS (AICAPS). One AIA implant and 3 AICAPS implants were randomly placed subcutaneously at 4 sites in 21 rabbits (84 implants). These rabbits were monitored daily for 5 days for evidence of systemic illness and local tissue reactions at the implantation sites and then euthanized. Samples were taken from each implant site for bacterial culture and histologic examination.
RESULTS
Cultures of samples obtained from all sites were negative for bacterial growth. No significant difference was observed in mean skin thickness or erythema between AIA and AICAPS implant sites on any observed day. Also, individual histologic grades for the epidermis, dermis, subcutis, and muscle and total histologic grade were not significantly different between AIA and AICAPS implant sites.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Cold atmospheric plasma sterilization was noninferior to steam sterilization of -contaminated stainless steel implants in the rabbits in the present study. However, studies of the efficacy of CAPS for inactivation of other important bacteria are needed.
Topics: Animals; Foreign Bodies; Pasteurella multocida; Plasma; Plasma Gases; Rabbits; Sterilization
PubMed: 33480278
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.2.118 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2009To examine the variability among Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs (nasal, tonsil and lung specimens) and humans in France.
AIMS
To examine the variability among Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs (nasal, tonsil and lung specimens) and humans in France.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The genetic diversity of 117 French isolates of P. multocida, obtained from pigs (n = 101) and humans (n = 16) and three reference strains, was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after macrorestriction with ApaI. Sixty-four patterns were detected. The genetic relationships revealed five clusters (Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, Ab and B). The pig isolates obtained from pneumonic lungs and nasal cavities were clustered in groups Ab and Aa1, respectively (P < 0.05). Up to four different PFGE patterns were detected in the same farm. Isolates producing dermonecrotic toxins were clustered only in group Aa1, suggesting that the toxigenic isolates were more genetically homogenous than the others. Conversely, cluster Aa3 was significantly associated with human isolates even if the human isolates are spread over most of the clusters.
CONCLUSIONS
Pasteurella multocida strains were genetically diverse, but pig and human isolates were significantly clustered in distinct phylogenetic groups.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The discrimination index was >0.95 in both populations of human and pig isolates. Therefore, ApaI-PFGE seems to be a useful tool for epidemiological tracing of P. multocida infections.
Topics: Animals; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; France; Genetic Variation; Humans; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Sus scrofa; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 19457034
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04360.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2002Pasteurella multocida is a small nonmotile gram-negative coccobacillus that is found in the nasopharynx and gastrointestinal tract of many wild and domesticated animals....
Pasteurella multocida is a small nonmotile gram-negative coccobacillus that is found in the nasopharynx and gastrointestinal tract of many wild and domesticated animals. In humans it most commonly causes cellulitis and localized superficial skin abscesses following an animal bite or scratch. The respiratory tract is the second most common site of infection for PASTEURELLA: Of the more than 17 species of Pasteurella known, Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida and Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica are among the most common pathogens in humans. With the use of molecular techniques, distinction between different subspecies of P. multocida can be made more easily and accurately. We used the sequence of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-PCR (REP-PCR) to characterize 20 strains (14 of P. multocida subsp. multocida and 6 of P. multocida subsp. septica; the 16S rDNA is identical for P. multocida subsp. multocida and Pasteurella multocida subsp. gallicida but differs from that of P. multocida subsp. septica) isolated from various anatomic sites. We found excellent correlation between the 16S rDNA sequence (a marker for a small conserved region of the genome), REP-PCR (a marker for a large portion of the genome), and biochemical tests (trehalose and sorbitol). We also found a correlation between the clinical presentation and the taxonomic group, with P. multocida subsp. septica more often associated with wounds than with respiratory infections (67 versus 17%, respectively) (P < 0.05, Z test) and P. multocida subsp. multocida more often associated with respiratory infections than with wounds (71 versus 14%, respectively) (P < 0.05, Z test).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sorbitol; Trehalose; Wound Infection
PubMed: 12202590
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3438-3441.2002 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2020To date, very few hypervirulent and multiantibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have been reported. This study reports the first hypervirulent and...
OBJECTIVES
To date, very few hypervirulent and multiantibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have been reported. This study reports the first hypervirulent and multiantibiotic-resistant Pasteurella multocida sequence type 342 (ST342) strain (GH161213) isolated from a Pekin duck in China.
METHODS
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (VET01-A4, 2013). Determination of the P. multocida GH161213 median lethal dose (LD) was determined in a mouse model and in ducklings. Plasmid pRCAD0338PM-1 was transferred to Escherichia coli J53 by conjugation. The whole genome sequence of P. multocida GH161213 was obtained using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 system. Antimicrobial resistance genes were analysed using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD).
RESULTS
Pasteurella multocida GH161213 is a hypervirulent strain with an LD of <10 CFU in a mouse model and in ducklings. It also has a high level of multidrug resistance. Strain GH161213 contains a small conjugative plasmid harbouring the floR florfenicol resistance gene. It also contains multiple other antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
CONCLUSION
The genome sequence of P. multocida GH161213 reveals a multidrug-resistant genotype. This is the first reported hypervirulent and multiantibiotic-resistant P. multocida strain.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; China; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Ducks; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Lethal Dose 50; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Plasmids; Virulence; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31557567
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.09.012 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Jan 2002To characterize Pasteurella spp isolated from healthy pack goats and evaluate the effects of administration of a commercial Pasteurella vaccine.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize Pasteurella spp isolated from healthy pack goats and evaluate the effects of administration of a commercial Pasteurella vaccine.
ANIMALS
45 goats.
PROCEDURE
Pharyngeal swab specimens and blood samples were collected on day 0 before vaccination with a Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica serotype A1 bacterin. Samples were also collected from 17 goats on days 21 and 35. Isolated Pasteurella spp were assigned to biovariant groups on the basis of results of biochemical utilization tests and serotyped. Serum antibody titers were determined.
RESULTS
Multiple strains of Pasteurella spp were isolated from swab specimens and assigned to 30 nonhemolytic and 14 beta-hemolytic biovariant groups. The most common biovariant isolated was nonhemolytic P trehalosi belonging to group 2. This strain was isolated from 41 goats. Nonhemolytic P haemolytica strains were isolated from 31 goats, whereas beta-hemolytic strains of P trehalosi and P haemolytica were isolated from 8 and 35 goats, respectively. Vaccination with the A1 serotype did not affect the proportion of goats from which we isolated each biovariant group or the number of biovariant groups isolated.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Multiple strains of P haemolytica and P trehalosi belonging to nonhemolytic and beta-hemolytic biovariant groups were isolated from the pharynx of healthy domestic pack goats. Because hemolytic activity correlates with leukotoxin production, beta-hemolytic strains may have a greater potential to cause disease in naive populations of wild ruminants. However, vaccination with an A1 serotype bacterin did not decrease the proportion of culture-positive goats.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Goat Diseases; Goats; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Pharynx
PubMed: 16206792
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.119 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 1968The Pasteurella species implicated as the etiologic agent of a massive white perch mortality in the Chesapeake Bay and first described by S. F. Snieszko et al. has been...
The Pasteurella species implicated as the etiologic agent of a massive white perch mortality in the Chesapeake Bay and first described by S. F. Snieszko et al. has been characterized further in our laboratory. The general morphology and physiology of this organism is similar to that of the pasteurellae and several known fish pathogens. There are enough dissimilarities, however, to rule out its identification with any established species. The organism is obligately halophilic and grows in a temperature range between 17 and 31 C on ordinary media containing 1% NaCl. It has a relatively narrow range of pH, temperature, and salinity tolerance, and a very short survival time in spent media or brackish water, in contrast to Pasteurella pestis and P. pseudotuberculosis. Serological tests also indicate that this organism is distinct from other species which it resembles. On the basis of classic morphological and physiological criteria, this organism fits best in the genus Pasteurella; the species name piscicida (L. noun piscis, a fish; L.v.L.adj. suffix-cidus, to kill; M.L. noun piscicida, fish killer) is proposed.
Topics: Animals; Culture Media; Fishes; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Serotyping; Sodium Chloride; Virulence
PubMed: 5726301
DOI: 10.1128/jb.96.5.1606-1610.1968 -
Genetics, Selection, Evolution : GSE Jun 2020Pasteurellosis (Pasteurella infection) is one of the most common bacterial infections in rabbits on commercial farms and in laboratory facilities. Curative treatments...
BACKGROUND
Pasteurellosis (Pasteurella infection) is one of the most common bacterial infections in rabbits on commercial farms and in laboratory facilities. Curative treatments using antibiotics are only partly efficient, with frequent relapses. Breeding rabbits for improved genetic resistance to pasteurellosis is a sustainable alternative approach. In this study, we infected 964 crossbred rabbits from six sire lines experimentally with Pasteurella multocida. After post-mortem examination and bacteriological analyses, abscess, bacteria, and resistance scores were derived for each rabbit based on the extent of lesions and bacterial dissemination in the body. This is the first study to use such an experimental design and response traits to measure resistance to pasteurellosis in a rabbit population. We investigated the genetic variation of these traits in order to identify potential selection criteria. We also estimated genetic correlations of resistance to pasteurellosis in the experimental population with traits that are under selection in the breeding populations (number of kits born alive and weaning weight).
RESULTS
Heritability estimates for the novel response traits, abscess, bacteria, and resistance scores, ranged from 0.08 (± 0.05) to 0.16 (± 0.06). The resistance score showed very strong negative genetic correlation estimates with abscess (- 0.99 ± 0.05) and bacteria scores (- 0.98 ± 0.07). A very high positive genetic correlation of 0.99 ± 0.16 was estimated between abscess and bacteria scores. Estimates of genetic correlations of the resistance score with average daily gain traits for the first and second week after inoculation were 0.98 (± 0.06) and 0.70 (± 0.14), respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations of the disease-related traits with average daily gain pre-inoculation were favorable but with high standard errors. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations of the disease-related traits with commercial selection traits were not significantly different from zero.
CONCLUSIONS
Disease response traits are heritable and are highly correlated with each other, but do not show any significant genetic correlations with commercial selection traits. Thus, the prevalence of pasteurellosis could be decreased by selecting more resistant rabbits on any one of the disease response traits with a limited impact on the selection traits, which would allow implementation of a breeding program to improve resistance to pasteurellosis in rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Breeding; Disease Resistance; Female; Genotype; Male; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Phenotype; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Rabbits; Weaning
PubMed: 32590928
DOI: 10.1186/s12711-020-00552-8 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Feb 2017OBJECTIVE To develop 2 rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detection of Pasteurella multocida DNA (Pm-LAMP assay) and P multocida DNA from...
Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based diagnostic assays for detection of Pasteurella multocida and hemorrhagic septicemia-associated P multocida serotype B:2.
OBJECTIVE To develop 2 rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detection of Pasteurella multocida DNA (Pm-LAMP assay) and P multocida DNA from strains associated with hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in cattle and buffalo (HS-LAMP assay). SAMPLE Solutions containing 16 P multocida strains and 9 other bacterial species at various concentrations. PROCEDURES Optimal conditions were determined for running the Pm-LAMP and HS-LAMP assays. The assays were then used to detect DNA of the test organisms. Results of LAMP assays were validated against conventional PCR assays designed for specific detection of P multocida and the B:2 serotype of HS-associated strains. RESULTS Following incubation of sample reaction mixtures for 27 minutes, specificity and sensitivity of the HS-LAMP assay at template DNA amounts as low as 5 pg were 93% and 97%, respectively. When duplicates of each sample were incubated for 28 minutes (a positive result defined as positive results for both reactions of a given sample), specificity and sensitivity of the HS-LAMP assay in the same conditions increased to 100%. The best specificity and sensitivity of Pm-LAMP single (93% and 91%) and duplicate (97% and 98%) reactions at template DNA amounts as low as 10 pg were achieved at 33 and 34 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These preliminary findings suggested the developed HS-LAMP assay had high sensitivity and specificity for detection of HS-associated P multocida. Additional research is needed to determine the accuracy of the assay for use on clinical specimens obtained in HS-endemic countries such as Pakistan and Thailand.
Topics: Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Hemorrhagic Septicemia; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Pasteurella multocida; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serogroup
PubMed: 28140634
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.2.134 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1954
Topics: Pasteurella; Yersinia pestis; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections
PubMed: 13160765
DOI: No ID Found