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Biomaterials Advances Mar 2022In the present work, nanohydroxyapatites (nHAp) doped with copper and/or zinc ions were investigated for the assessment of its antibacterial activity and...
Investigation of topography effect on antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of nanohydroxyapatites activated with zinc and copper ions: In vitro study of colloids, hydrogel scaffolds and pellets.
In the present work, nanohydroxyapatites (nHAp) doped with copper and/or zinc ions were investigated for the assessment of its antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. Three forms of material with diverse surfaces were tested: nanopowder in colloidal suspension, galactose hydrogel (3,6-Anhydro-α-l-Galacto-β-d-Galactan) scaffold and pellet. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained biomaterials were comprehensively determined by using: XRPD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, AAS, XPS and EPR techniques. The antimicrobial active ions, mostly Cu, were successfully released from the apatite structure despite the material being suspended in the porous galactose hydrogel matrix. The colloidal solutions of nanohydroxyapatites on bacterial viability revealed moderate activity of Cu-doped materials against Escherichia coli strain and significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. The comparative study of bacterial attachment to the hydrogel and pellet surface indicated that hydrogels were more prone to be colonized by both tested strains. Moreover, an additive of the Cu ion modified bacterial attachment and biofilms forming on nHAp:Cu and nHAp:Cu-Zn materials. In the case of hydrogels, the biofilms were scattered while these forming on other materials were more clumped. The cytotoxicity evaluation of tested biomaterials showed biocompatible properties of both nanomaterial colloidal solutions as well as galactose hydrogel eluates toward normal mouse osteoblast cell lines (7F2) and human chondrocytes (TC28A2) and osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS). The biocompatibility of tested materials was additionally confirmed by conducting a hemolysis assay which showed full hemocompatibility of nanopowder colloidal solutions and galactose-based materials. Furthermore, unaltered red blood cell morphology was visible after a short and long time of incubation with the obtained biomaterials by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The comparison research provided data of 7F2, TC28 and U2OS cell attachment to the galactose hydrogel surface.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biocompatible Materials; Copper; Drug Implants; Escherichia coli; Galactose; Humans; Hydrogels; Ions; Mice; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Zinc
PubMed: 35525765
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112547 -
Women's Health (London, England) Sep 2013Obesity is a major public health concern affecting an increasing proportion of reproductive-aged women. Avoiding unintended pregnancy is of major importance, given the... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a major public health concern affecting an increasing proportion of reproductive-aged women. Avoiding unintended pregnancy is of major importance, given the increased risks associated with pregnancy, but obesity may affect the efficacy of hormonal contraceptives by altering how these drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized or eliminated. Limited data suggest that long-acting, reversible contraceptives maintain excellent efficacy in obese women. Some studies demonstrating altered pharmacokinetic parameters and increased failure rates with combined oral contraceptives, the contraceptive patch and emergency contraceptive pills suggest decreased efficacy of these methods. It is unclear whether bariatric surgery affects hormonal contraceptive efficacy. Obese women should be offered the full range of contraceptive options, with counseling that balances the risks and benefits of each method, including the risk of unintended pregnancy.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Body Mass Index; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contraceptive Devices, Female; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Counseling; Drug Implants; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Obesity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Progestins; Women's Health
PubMed: 24007251
DOI: 10.2217/whe.13.41 -
Drugs May 2011Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) includes intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the subdermal implant. These methods are the most effective reversible methods of... (Review)
Review
Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) includes intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the subdermal implant. These methods are the most effective reversible methods of contraception, and have the additional advantages of being long-lasting, convenient, well liked by users and cost effective. Compared with other user-dependent methods that increase the risk of noncompliance-related method failure, LARC methods can bring 'typical use' failure rates more in line with 'perfect use' failure rates. LARC methods are 'forgettable'; they are not dependent on compliance with a pill-taking regimen, remembering to change a patch or ring, or coming back to the clinician for an injection. LARC method failure rates rival that of tubal sterilization at <1% for IUDs and the subdermal implant. For these reasons, we believe that IUDs and implants should be offered as first-line contraception for most women. This article provides a review of the LARC methods that are currently available in the US, including their effectiveness, advantages, disadvantages and contraindications. Additionally, we dispel myths and misconceptions regarding IUDs, and address the barriers to LARC use.
Topics: Contraception; Contraindications; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21668037
DOI: 10.2165/11591290-000000000-00000 -
Acta Biomaterialia Jul 2019Increased use of implantable biomedical devices demonstrates their potential in treating a wide variety of ailments and disorders in bone trauma and orthopaedic,... (Review)
Review
Increased use of implantable biomedical devices demonstrates their potential in treating a wide variety of ailments and disorders in bone trauma and orthopaedic, reconstructive, and craniofacial applications. However, the number of cases involving implant failure or malfunction due to bacterial infection have also increased in recent years. Implanted devices can facilitate the growth of bacteria as these micro-organisms have the potential to adhere to the implant and grow and develop to form biofilms. In an effort to better understand and mitigate these occurrences, biomaterials containing antimicrobial agents that can be released or presented within the local microenvironment have become an important area of research. In this review, we discuss critical factors that regulate antimicrobial therapy to sites of bone infection, such as key biomolecular considerations and platforms for delivery, as well as current in vivo models and current advances in the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review outlines the important factors that are taken into consideration for the development of biomaterials for local delivery of therapeutics to the site of bone infections. An overview of important criteria for development of this model (such as type of bone defect, antimicrobial therapeutic, and delivery vehicle) are provided, along with current research that utilizes these considerations. Additionally, this review highlights recent clinical trials that have utilized antimicrobial therapeutics for treatment of osteomyelitis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Biocompatible Materials; Biofilms; Bone Diseases, Infectious; Drug Implants; Humans
PubMed: 30654212
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.015 -
Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of... Sep 2021The second messengers, cGMP and Ca, have both been implicated in retinal degeneration; however, it is still unclear which of the two is most relevant for photoreceptor... (Review)
Review
The second messengers, cGMP and Ca, have both been implicated in retinal degeneration; however, it is still unclear which of the two is most relevant for photoreceptor cell death. This problem is exacerbated by the close connections and crosstalk between cGMP-signalling and calcium (Ca)-signalling in photoreceptors. In this review, we summarize key aspects of cGMP-signalling and Ca-signalling relevant for hereditary photoreceptor degeneration. The topics covered include cGMP-signalling targets, the role of Ca permeable channels, relation to energy metabolism, calpain-type proteases, and how the related metabolic processes may trigger and execute photoreceptor cell death. A focus is then put on cGMP-dependent mechanisms and how exceedingly high photoreceptor cGMP levels set in motion cascades of Ca-dependent and independent processes that eventually bring about photoreceptor cell death. Finally, an outlook is given into mutation-independent therapeutic approaches that exploit specific features of cGMP-signalling. Such approaches might be combined with suitable drug delivery systems for translation into clinical applications.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Signaling; Cell Death; Cyclic GMP; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Implants; Humans; Nanoparticles; Photoreceptor Cells; Retinal Degeneration
PubMed: 33864120
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02556-9 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutical... Dec 2023FDA's initiative Pharmaceutical CGMPs for the 21st century opened the door for introduction of several risk based approaches in pharmaceutical industry. One significant...
FDA's initiative Pharmaceutical CGMPs for the 21st century opened the door for introduction of several risk based approaches in pharmaceutical industry. One significant advancement that has emerged is the implementation of process analytical technology (PAT), which has opened doors for understanding and controlling complex technological processes. Two such processes, radial extrusion and pellet coating, offer a solid foundation for the application of PAT tools due to their numerous critical process parameters. The aim of the first part of the study was to optimize the neutral pellet production to produce the pellets with properties desired for successful film coating using design of experiments (DoE). In the second part the optimized pellets underwent film coating and the coating quantity was predicted in real or near real-time using in-line and at-line NIR probes and the performance of both probes was compared. The desired properties of the pellets, narrow particle size distribution, high sphericity and high process yield, were successfully achieved. Models for film coating quantity prediction using in-line and at-line NIR probe were successfully calibrated and tested by coating two additional batches. Despite the limited sample size for model calibration, at-line NIR exhibited excellent prediction performance and enabled accurate determination of process end-point. The coating quantity determined by UV/VIS spectroscopy in both test batches deviated by less than 2.0 % from the target value. However, the in-line NIR probe, primarily due to its inferior spectral resolution, displayed a slightly lower quality of the calibrated model and notable overprediction for the tested batches.
Topics: Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Technology; Drug Implants; Drug Industry
PubMed: 37770005
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106595 -
BioMed Research International 2016With the objective of improving efficacy and morbidity, device manufacturers incorporate chemicals or drugs into medical implants. Using multiple reservoirs of discrete... (Review)
Review
With the objective of improving efficacy and morbidity, device manufacturers incorporate chemicals or drugs into medical implants. Using multiple reservoirs of discrete drug doses, microchips represent a new technology capable of on-demand release of various drugs over long periods of time. Herein, we review drug delivery systems, how microchips work, recent investigations, and future applications in various fields of medicine.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Implants; Drug Liberation; Humans; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 27376079
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1743472 -
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology... Mar 2021Long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARC; progestin only) are an increasingly common hormonal contraceptive choice in reproductive aged women looking to suppress...
BACKGROUND
Long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARC; progestin only) are an increasingly common hormonal contraceptive choice in reproductive aged women looking to suppress ovarian function and menstrual cyclicity. The overall objective was to develop and validate a rodent model of implanted etonogestrel (ENG) LARC, at body size equivalent doses to the average dose received by women during each of the first 3 years of ENG subdermal rod LARC use.
METHODS
Intact, virgin, female Sprague-Dawley rats (16-wk-old) were randomized to 1 of 4 groups (n = 8/group) of ENG LARC (high-0.30μg/d, medium-0.17μg/d, low-0.09μg/d, placebo-0.00μg/d) via a slow-release pellet implanted subcutaneously. Animals were monitored for 21 days before and 29 days following pellet implantation using vaginal smears, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), saphenous blood draws, food consumption, and body weights. Data were analyzed by chi-square, non-parametric, univariate, and repeated measures 2-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
Prior to pellet implantation there was no difference in time spent in estrus cycle phases among the treatment groups (p > 0.30). Following pellet implantation there was a dose-dependent impact on the time spent in diestrus and estrus (p < 0.05), with the high dose group spending more days in diestrus and fewer days in estrus. Prior to pellet insertion there was not an association between treatment group and estrus cycle classification (p = 0.57) but following pellet implantation there was a dose-dependent association with cycle classification (p < 0.02). Measurements from the UBM (ovarian volume, follicle count, corpora lutea count) indicate an alteration of ovarian function following pellet implantation.
CONCLUSION
Assessment of estrus cyclicity indicated a dose-response relationship in the shift to a larger number of acyclic rats and longer in duration spent in the diestrus phase. Therefore, each dose in this model mimics some of the changes observed in the ovaries of women using ENG LARC and provides an opportunity for investigating the impacts on non-reproductive tissues in the future.
Topics: Animals; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Desogestrel; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Implants; Estrus; Female; Humans; Models, Animal; Progestins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rodentia
PubMed: 33752672
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00729-w -
Contraception Aug 2020To assess etonogestrel contraceptive implant location and outcomes among women referred for "difficult" removal to a specialist clinic in South Africa. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To assess etonogestrel contraceptive implant location and outcomes among women referred for "difficult" removal to a specialist clinic in South Africa.
STUDY DESIGN
We performed a retrospective review of cases referred to our clinic for removal of nonpalpable, deep, migrated, or damaged implants, or failed removals from March to August 2017.
RESULTS
Most (n = 68, 92%) of the 74 referrals were nonpalpable in our clinic. We used ultrasound for localization and successfully removed 72 implants (97%) in the outpatient clinic.
CONCLUSION
With proper protocols and equipment, localization and removal of nonpalpable implants can be safely and effectively achieved in an outpatient African setting.
IMPLICATIONS
Access to providers specially trained in ultrasound localization should be available in all settings where implants are offered. Providing timely access to safe and effective implant removals in routine and difficult cases is essential to ensuring that implant programs are in alignment with rights-based, client-centered family planning principles.
Topics: Contraceptive Agents, Female; Desogestrel; Device Removal; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Referral and Consultation; Retrospective Studies; South Africa
PubMed: 32339484
DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.04.013 -
Medicine Mar 2019Chronic stable angina (CSA) resulted in a considerable burden for both individuals and the society. In this study we aimed to critically evaluate the effectiveness and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
Compound salvia pellet might be more effective and safer for chronic stable angina pectoris compared with nitrates: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Chronic stable angina (CSA) resulted in a considerable burden for both individuals and the society. In this study we aimed to critically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Compound salvia pellet compared with nitrates in the treatment of Chronic Stable Angina (CSA) pectoris, and to provide more credible evidence for clinical practice.
METHODS
A comprehensive and exhaustive search strategy was formulated to identify potential RCTs of compound salvia pellet for CSA in international and Chinese databases from their inception to July 4th, 2018. We also searched the bibliographies of relevant studies. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of included trials by using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.
RESULTS
The literature search yielded 1849 citations and 51 RCTs (n = 4732) were included for meta-analysis after titles, abstracts and full text selection according to eligibility criteria. The pooled results suggested that compound salvia pellet was much more effective than nitrates in the improvement of angina symptoms (therapy = 4 weeks, RR = 1.23, 95%CI = [1.17, 1.30], P < .001, I = 0%; therapy = 4 weeks, RR = 1.13, 95%CI = [1.08, 1.17], P < .001, I = 45.6%), and ECG test (therapy = 4 weeks, RR = 1.24, 95%CI [1.14, 1.35], P < .001, I = 51.5%; and therapy > 4 weeks, RR = 1.30, 95%CI[1.20, 1.42], P < .001, I = 36.4%) in CSA. Compared with nitrates, the percentage of patients with adverse events significantly decreased when prescribed with compound salvia pellet (3.2% vs 17.0%).
CONCLUSION
Compound salvia pellet might be more effective on the improvement of angina symptoms, ECG test and with few adverse events compared with nitrates. While there are some limitations in this study, which may weaken the results, we believe the findings could provide useful information for stakeholders concerned with outcomes in patients with CSA. More rigorous RCTs with high quality are needed to confirm these findings.
Topics: Angina, Stable; Drug Implants; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Nitrates; Phytotherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Salvia; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30817582
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014638