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Current Opinion in Obstetrics &... Oct 2012Teen pregnancy continues to plague the United States. This review will discuss long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method use in teens, comprising intrauterine... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Teen pregnancy continues to plague the United States. This review will discuss long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method use in teens, comprising intrauterine devices and subdermal implants.
RECENT FINDINGS
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists along with the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Centers for Disease Control, and the World Health Organization have recognized the potential impact of LARC (comprising intrauterine contraception and subdermal implants) to reduce unintended pregnancies. They have affirmed the safety of such devices, and no effects on long-term fertility have been identified. Teen users of these methods have been shown to have high continuation and satisfaction rates. On the contrary, oral contraceptive pills, the patch, and the contraceptive vaginal ring have significantly higher contraceptive failure rates, and these rates are magnified in young women.
SUMMARY
LARC methods should be considered first-line options for teens seeking contraception.
Topics: Adolescent; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Pregnancy, Unwanted; United States
PubMed: 22781078
DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e32835686d5 -
BioMed Research International 2015Growth factors are a class of cytokines that stimulate cell growth and are widely used in clinical practice, such as wound healing, revascularization, bone repair, and... (Review)
Review
Growth factors are a class of cytokines that stimulate cell growth and are widely used in clinical practice, such as wound healing, revascularization, bone repair, and nervous system disease. However, free growth factors have a short half-life and are instable in vivo. Therefore, the search of excellent carriers to enhance sustained release of growth factors in vivo has become an area of intense research interest. The development of controlled-release systems that protect the recombinant growth factors from enzymatic degradation and provide sustained delivery at the injury site during healing should enhance the growth factor's application in tissue regeneration. Thus, this study reviews current research on commonly used carriers for sustained release of growth factors and their sustained release effects for preservation of their bioactivity and their accomplishment in tissue engineering approaches.
Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Implants; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 26347885
DOI: 10.1155/2015/808202 -
The Journal of Family Planning and... Apr 2011
Topics: Contraceptive Agents, Female; Desogestrel; Device Removal; Drug Implants; Equipment Failure; Female; Humans; Young Adult
PubMed: 21454285
DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc.2011.0069 -
Drug Discovery Today Aug 2019Topical eye-drop administration and intravitreal injections are the current standard for ocular drug delivery. However, patient adherence to the drug regimen and... (Review)
Review
Topical eye-drop administration and intravitreal injections are the current standard for ocular drug delivery. However, patient adherence to the drug regimen and insufficient administration frequency are well-documented challenges to this field. In this review, we describe recent advances in intraocular implants designed to deliver therapeutics for months to years, to obviate the issues of patient adherence. We highlight recent advances in monolithic ocular implants in the literature, the commercialization pipeline, and approved for the market. We also describe design considerations based on material selection, active pharmaceutical ingredient, and implantation site.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Implants; Eye; Humans; Ophthalmic Solutions
PubMed: 31173915
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.031 -
Journal of Interventional Cardiology Dec 2006Implantable biomaterials mainly serve as physical support devices, carriers for bioactive molecules and guidance for tissue growth. For any application within or outside... (Review)
Review
Implantable biomaterials mainly serve as physical support devices, carriers for bioactive molecules and guidance for tissue growth. For any application within or outside the cardiovascular area, biomaterials are subject to an extended set of requirements in order to establish safe application. These requirements mainly include acceptable biocompatibility and, if the material is to be degraded within the body, safe degradation characteristics. During degradation, biocompatible polymers are broken down into molecules that are metabolized and removed from the body via normal metabolic pathways. Major applications of these polymers include targeted drug delivery systems, resorbable sutures and orthopedic fixation devices. In the cardiovascular area they include biodegradable cardiovascular stents and drug-eluting stent (DES) coatings. This review focuses on general aspects of local drug delivery by implantable polymeric devices, with special emphasis on drug-eluting stents.
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Biocompatible Materials; Coronary Artery Disease; Drug Implants; Equipment Design; Humans; Polymers; Stents
PubMed: 17107364
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2006.00198.x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022This work aimed to develop a new one-pot and readily scaled-up formulation capable of retaining 5-fluorouracil and prolonging its release to obtain a site-specific...
This work aimed to develop a new one-pot and readily scaled-up formulation capable of retaining 5-fluorouracil and prolonging its release to obtain a site-specific medication delivery for the potential treatment of colorectal cancer. Six polymer-based formulations were successfully produced using a thermal bulk polymerization method and loaded with 5-fluorouracil, which is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. The pellets produced were characterized by measuring the glass transition temperature, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and tensile elongation at break. Studies on in vitro swelling and release were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline to evaluate the behaviour of the developed system. The Young's modulus, glass transition temperature, and tensile strength all increased significantly as the crosslinker concentration increased, but the fracture strain value reduced significantly. The in vitro swelling profile of the produced formulations was significantly reduced by increasing crosslinking density. Less than 27% cumulative drug release was achieved for all formulations after 5 h of starting the release study. The highest cumulative drug release reached after 24 h was 69%. The developed drug delivery system demonstrated the ability to delay the release of 5-fluorouracil in upper gastrointestinal tract-mimicking conditions, while permitting its release in a controlled way afterward, which makes it promising for the potential delivery of 5-fluorouracil to the colon.
Topics: Fluorouracil; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Implants; Polymers; Colon
PubMed: 36615499
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010306 -
Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2020We present patient characteristics and follow-up results of cases with anterior chamber dexamethasone implant migration. The common feature of all six presented cases...
We present patient characteristics and follow-up results of cases with anterior chamber dexamethasone implant migration. The common feature of all six presented cases was vitrectomized eyes. Four of the patients had sutured intraocular lens (IOL) implantation due to complicated cataract surgery, one had combined retinal detachment surgery with sutured IOL implantation, and one had vitrectomy for diabetic intravitreal hemorrhage cleaning and uncomplicated cataract surgery. Anterior chamber implant migration caused corneal edema in all cases and elevated intraocular pressure in three cases. In two cases, the dexamethasone implant was directed into the vitreous cavity after maximum pupillary dilation and corneal manipulation with cotton tip applicator with the patient in reverse Trendelenburg position. There was no other complication until dexamethasone implant degradation, with clear cornea at final examination. In two cases, the implant was removed from the anterior chamber by aspiration, but keratoplasty surgery was planned due to endothelial cell loss and persistent corneal edema during follow-up. In the last two cases, the dexamethasone implant was redirected into the vitreous chamber with a 23-gauge catheter and anterior chamber maintainer but they migrated into the anterior chamber again. In one of these patients, the implant was aspirated by catheter and corneal transplantation was performed due to corneal edema, while the other patient's implant was redirected into the vitreous chamber with no further anterior migration. The risk of dexamethasone implants migrating into the anterior chamber of vitrectomized eyes and those with sutured IOL implantation should be kept in mind and the patient should be informed and advised to see an ophthalmologist immediately before permanent corneal endothelial damage occurs.
Topics: Anterior Chamber; Dexamethasone; Drug Implants; Foreign-Body Migration; Humans; Macular Edema; Male; Middle Aged; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 32367704
DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2019.43778 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and... Feb 2021In the field of drug delivery, the most commonly used treatments have traditionally been systemically delivered using oral or intravenous administration. The problems... (Review)
Review
In the field of drug delivery, the most commonly used treatments have traditionally been systemically delivered using oral or intravenous administration. The problems associated with this type of delivery is that the drug concentration is controlled by first pass metabolism, and therefore may not always remain within the therapeutic window. Implantable drug delivery systems (IDDSs) are an excellent alternative to traditional delivery because they offer the ability to precisely control the drug release, deliver drugs locally to the target tissue, and avoid the toxic side effects often experienced with systemic administration. Since the creation of the first FDA-approved IDDS in 1990, there has been a surge in research devoted to fabricating and testing novel IDDS formulations. The versatility of these systems is evident when looking at the various biomedical applications that utilize IDDSs. This review provides an overview of the history of IDDSs, with examples of the different types of IDDS formulations, as well as looking at current and future biomedical applications for such systems. Though there are still obstacles that need to be overcome, ever-emerging new technologies are making the manufacturing of IDDSs a rewarding therapeutic endeavor with potential for further improvements.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Approval; Drug Compounding; Drug Implants; Drug-Eluting Stents; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 33338604
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.005 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021There is a steady global rise in the use of progestin subdermal implants, where use has increased by more than 20 times in the past two decades. BC risk has been... (Review)
Review
There is a steady global rise in the use of progestin subdermal implants, where use has increased by more than 20 times in the past two decades. BC risk has been reported with the older progestin only methods such as oral pills, injectables, and intrauterine devices, however, little is known about the risk with subdermal implants. In this review, we aim to update clinicians and researchers on the current evidence to support patient counseling and to inform future research directions. The available evidence of the association between the use of progestin subdermal implants and BC risk is discussed. We provide an overview of the potential role of endogenous progesterone in BC development. The chemical structure and molecular targets of synthetic progestins of relevance are summarized together with the preclinical and clinical evidence on their association with BC risk. We review all studies that investigated the action of the specific progestins included in subdermal implants. As well, we discuss the potential effect of the use of subdermal implants in women at increased BC risk, including carriers of BC susceptibility genetic mutations.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Patient Education as Topic; Progesterone Congeners; Progestins; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34975755
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.781066 -
Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging... Feb 2019Ozurdex intravitreal injection is performed via a patented injection device. However, there is a common misconception among ophthalmologists regarding the relation...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Ozurdex intravitreal injection is performed via a patented injection device. However, there is a common misconception among ophthalmologists regarding the relation between the speed of applicator button depression and the speed of pellet injection.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Six dexamethasone intravitreal implants were injected into a calibrated ex vivo water bath. Three of the pellets were injected via rapid compression, whereas the other three implants were injected using a 3-second compression technique. The procedures were recorded using high-speed photography followed by calculation of pellet velocity and impact force.
RESULTS
The mean impact velocity and force of the pellet insertion is significantly higher in the fast injection group compared to the slow injection group.
CONCLUSIONS
By depressing the Ozurdex implant injector during a 3-second time interval, the impact force of the implant pellet is reduced by about 95%. This new technique will theoretically reduce the risk of retinal injury and vitreous hemorrhage from Ozurdex injections. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:e23-e25.].
Topics: Dexamethasone; Drug Implants; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Edema
PubMed: 30768225
DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20190129-14