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Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2017The shift to habitual bipedalism 4-6 million years ago in the hominin lineage created a morphologically and functionally different human pelvis compared to our closest... (Review)
Review
The shift to habitual bipedalism 4-6 million years ago in the hominin lineage created a morphologically and functionally different human pelvis compared to our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees. Evolutionary changes to the shape of the pelvis were necessary for the transition to habitual bipedalism in humans. These changes in the bony anatomy resulted in an altered role of muscle function, influencing bipedal gait. Additionally, there are normal sex-specific variations in the pelvis as well as abnormal variations in the acetabulum. During gait, the pelvis moves in the three planes to produce smooth and efficient motion. Subtle sex-specific differences in these motions may facilitate economical gait despite differences in pelvic structure. The motions of the pelvis and hip may also be altered in the presence of abnormal acetabular structure, especially with acetabular dysplasia. Anat Rec, 300:633-642, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Gait; Hip Joint; Humans; Pelvic Bones; Pelvis
PubMed: 28297184
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23552 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Aug 2022Involvement of the abdomen and pelvis is common in lymphoma. Nodal and extranodal abdominal and pelvic lymphoma may present with various complications. Complications are... (Review)
Review
Involvement of the abdomen and pelvis is common in lymphoma. Nodal and extranodal abdominal and pelvic lymphoma may present with various complications. Complications are most common in high-grade lymphomas, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Complications may occur as the initial manifestation of lymphoma, during treatment course, or late following complete disease remission. Most complications are associated with worse prognosis and increased mortality. Imaging is essential in evaluation of disease extent and diagnosis of complications. Therefore, radiologists should be familiar with the clinical context and imaging features of abdominal and pelvic lymphoma complications. We provide a comprehensive, organ system-based approach, and clinical and imaging review of complications of abdominal and pelvic lymphoma along with radiologic images of illustrated cases of the most commonly encountered complications.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Pelvis; Prognosis
PubMed: 35690955
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03567-5 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) May 2017No bone in the human postcranial skeleton differs more dramatically from its match in an ape skeleton than the pelvis. Humans have evolved a specialized pelvis,...
No bone in the human postcranial skeleton differs more dramatically from its match in an ape skeleton than the pelvis. Humans have evolved a specialized pelvis, well-adapted for the rigors of bipedal locomotion. Precisely how this happened has been the subject of great interest and contention in the paleoanthropological literature. In part, this is because of the fragility of the pelvis and its resulting rarity in the human fossil record. However, new discoveries from Miocene hominoids and Plio-Pleistocene hominins have reenergized debates about human pelvic evolution and shed new light on the competing roles of bipedal locomotion and obstetrics in shaping pelvic anatomy. In this issue, 13 papers address the evolution of the human pelvis. Here, we summarize these new contributions to our understanding of pelvic evolution, and share our own thoughts on the progress the field has made, and the questions that still remain. Anat Rec, 300:789-797, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Fossils; Gait; Humans; Locomotion; Pelvis
PubMed: 28406563
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23580 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Oct 2022US and MRI-guided therapeutic US (TUS) can aid in the treatment of prostate, liver, and pancreatic cancer, as well as uterine fibroids and osseous metastases, and...
US and MRI-guided therapeutic US (TUS) can aid in the treatment of prostate, liver, and pancreatic cancer, as well as uterine fibroids and osseous metastases, and understanding the selection and optimization of treatment strategies is essential to furthering TUS advances and innovations.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Cavity; Humans; Pelvis
PubMed: 36190852
DOI: 10.1148/rg.220044 -
Journal of Biomechanics 1986Biomechanics testing simulated stress concentrations in the acetabulum resulting from a blow to the right trochanter, as commonly occurs in recreational and passenger...
Biomechanics testing simulated stress concentrations in the acetabulum resulting from a blow to the right trochanter, as commonly occurs in recreational and passenger contexts. Developing tolerance criteria for the pelvis is addressed in this paper in terms of the load distribution and energy transmission to the pelvis via both soft tissues and the femur, the instability of the femur-pelvis complex, and the difficulty of predicting stress using simple, experimentally derived, parameters.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Femur; Hip Joint; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Pelvis; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 3818671
DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(86)90117-x -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2017The human pelvis has evolved over time into a remarkable structure, optimised into an intricate architecture that transfers the entire load of the upper body into the... (Review)
Review
The human pelvis has evolved over time into a remarkable structure, optimised into an intricate architecture that transfers the entire load of the upper body into the lower limbs, while also facilitating bipedal movement. The pelvic girdle is composed of two hip bones, os coxae, themselves each formed from the gradual fusion of the ischium, ilium and pubis bones. Unlike the development of the classical long bones, a complex timeline of events must occur in order for the pelvis to arise from the embryonic limb buds. An initial blastemal structure forms from the mesenchyme, with chondrification of this mass leading to the first recognisable elements of the pelvis. Primary ossification centres initiate in utero, followed post-natally by secondary ossification at a range of locations, with these processes not complete until adulthood. This cascade of events can vary between individuals, with recent evidence suggesting that fetal activity can affect the normal development of the pelvis. This review surveys the current literature on the ontogeny of the human pelvis. Anat Rec, 300:643-652, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Humans; Osteogenesis; Pelvic Bones; Pelvis
PubMed: 28297183
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23541 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2017Soft-tissue sarcomas occurring in the abdomen and pelvis are an uncommon but important group of malignancies. Recent changes to the World Health Organization... (Review)
Review
Soft-tissue sarcomas occurring in the abdomen and pelvis are an uncommon but important group of malignancies. Recent changes to the World Health Organization classification of soft-tissue tumors include the movement of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) into the soft-tissue tumor classification. GIST is the most common intraperitoneal sarcoma. Liposarcoma is the most common retroperitoneal sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma is the second most common. GIST, liposarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma account for the majority of sarcomas encountered in the abdomen and pelvis and are discussed in part 1 of this article. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (previously called malignant fibrous histiocytoma), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, solitary fibrous tumor, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, extraskeletal chondro-osseous sarcomas, vascular sarcomas, and sarcomas of uncertain differentiation uncommonly arise in the abdomen and pelvis and the abdominal wall. Although these lesions are rare sarcomas and their imaging features overlap, familiarity with the locations where they occur and their imaging features is important so they can be diagnosed accurately. The anatomic location and clinical history are important factors in the differential diagnosis of these lesions because metastasis, more-common sarcomas, borderline fibroblastic proliferations (such as desmoid tumors), and endometriosis have imaging findings that overlap with those of these uncommon sarcomas. In this article, the clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings of uncommon soft-tissue sarcomas of the abdomen and pelvis and the abdominal wall are reviewed, with an emphasis on their differential diagnosis.
Topics: Abdomen; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pelvis; Sarcoma
PubMed: 28493803
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160201 -
Medical Physics Apr 2022Diffusion MRI has enormous potential and utility in the evaluation of various abdominal and pelvic disease processes including cancer and noncancer imaging of the liver,...
Diffusion MRI has enormous potential and utility in the evaluation of various abdominal and pelvic disease processes including cancer and noncancer imaging of the liver, prostate, and other organs. Quantitative diffusion MRI is based on acquisitions with multiple diffusion encodings followed by quantitative mapping of diffusion parameters that are sensitive to tissue microstructure. Compared to qualitative diffusion-weighted MRI, quantitative diffusion MRI can improve standardization of tissue characterization as needed for disease detection, staging, and treatment monitoring. However, similar to many other quantitative MRI methods, diffusion MRI faces multiple challenges including acquisition artifacts, signal modeling limitations, and biological variability. In abdominal and pelvic diffusion MRI, technical acquisition challenges include physiologic motion (respiratory, peristaltic, and pulsatile), image distortions, and low signal-to-noise ratio. If unaddressed, these challenges lead to poor technical performance (bias and precision) and clinical outcomes of quantitative diffusion MRI. Emerging and novel technical developments seek to address these challenges and may enable reliable quantitative diffusion MRI of the abdomen and pelvis. Through systematic validation in phantoms, volunteers, and patients, including multicenter studies to assess reproducibility, these emerging techniques may finally demonstrate the potential of quantitative diffusion MRI for abdominal and pelvic imaging applications.
Topics: Abdomen; Artifacts; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Humans; Male; Pelvis; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 34554579
DOI: 10.1002/mp.15246 -
European Journal of Surgical Oncology :... Nov 2022In the pelvis, anatomic complexity and difficulty in visualization and access make surgery a formidable task. Surgeons are prone to work-related musculoskeletal injuries...
In the pelvis, anatomic complexity and difficulty in visualization and access make surgery a formidable task. Surgeons are prone to work-related musculoskeletal injuries from the frequently poor design and flow of their work environment. This is exacerbated by the strain of surgery in the pelvis. These injuries can result in alterations to a surgeons practice, inadvertent patient injury, and even early retirement. Human factors examines the relationships between the surgeon, their instruments and their environment. By bridging physiology, psychology, and ergonomics, human factors allows a better understanding of some of the challenges posed by pelvic surgery. The operative approach involved (open, laparoscopic, robotic, or perineal) plays an important role in the relevant human factors. Improved understanding of ergonomics can mitigate these risks to surgeons. Other human factors approaches such as standardization, use of checklists, and employing resiliency efforts can all improve patient safety in the operating theatre.
Topics: Humans; Ergonomics; Surgeons; Operating Rooms; Pelvis; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 35012835
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.12.468 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Sep 2011There is a wide variation in the regional parameters used to describe the spine and sacro-pelvis in children and adolescents. There is a slight tendency for thoracic... (Review)
Review
There is a wide variation in the regional parameters used to describe the spine and sacro-pelvis in children and adolescents. There is a slight tendency for thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis to increase with age. Pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt also tend to increase during growth, while sacral slope remains relatively stable. Strong knowledge of the close relationships between adjacent anatomical regions of the spine and sacro-pelvis is the key when evaluating and interpreting sagittal spino-pelvic alignment. The scheme of correlations between adjacent regional parameters needs to be preserved in order to maintain a balanced posture. The net resultant from these relationships between adjacent anatomical regions is best represented by parameters of sagittal global balance. C7 plumbline tends to move backwards from childhood to adulthood, where it stabilizes or slightly moves forward secondary to degenerative changes. C7 plumbline in front of both hip axis and center of the upper sacral endplate occurs in 29% of subjects aged 3-10 years, 12% of subjects aged between 10 and 18 years, and 14% of subjects aged 18 years or older. Therefore, although most normal subjects stand with a C7 plumbline behind the hip axis, a C7 plumbline in front of both hip axis and sacrum can be seen in normal individuals. However, progressive forward displacement of C7 plumbline should raise a suspicion for the risk of developing spinal pathology.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Pelvis; Postural Balance; Spinal Diseases; Spine
PubMed: 21811824
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011-1925-0