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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1979Peptococcus indolicus (formerly Micrococcus indolicus) is an asaccharolytic anaerobic coccus that is frequently isolated from udder secretions from cases of heifer and...
Peptococcus indolicus (formerly Micrococcus indolicus) is an asaccharolytic anaerobic coccus that is frequently isolated from udder secretions from cases of heifer and dry-cow mastitis (summer mastitis). To facilitate better identification and its differentiation from Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, a variety of biochemical, enzymatic, and serological properties were studied. Seventy-nine strains of P. indolicus of bovine origin and 10 strains of P. asaccharolyticus of human origin were examined using the API 20A and API-ZYM test kit systems. In addition, production of extracellular enzymes by using sensitive substrate-containing agar plate tests, production of peptocoagulase (a plasma-clotting factor), hemolytic properties, metabolic end products by gas chromatography, and serological characteristics with a set of P. indolicus typing antisera were investigated. P. indolicus and P. asaccharolyticus were not satisfactorily differentiated solely by the API 20A system. P. indolicus differed from P. asaccharolyticus in producing H(2)S, reducing nitrate to nitrite, producing peptocoagulase, possessing alkaline phosphatase, and producing large amounts of propionate from lactate. Moreover, none of the strains of P. asaccharolyticus was typable with the P. indolicus typing antisera. The majority (88%) of P. indolicus strains also gave weak hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid, and 6 out of 79 produced deoxyribonuclease. All strains in this study were sensitive to metronidazole (5 mug) by disk diffusion tests.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Mastitis, Bovine; Metronidazole; Peptococcus; Serotyping
PubMed: 372218
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.9.2.157-162.1979 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024The etiological factors of Cholestatic Liver Diseases especially primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are not fully illustrated. It...
BACKGROUND
The etiological factors of Cholestatic Liver Diseases especially primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are not fully illustrated. It has been reported in previous observational studies that gut microbiota are associated with cholestatic liver diseases. However, there is uncertainty regarding the causality of this association. By using Mendelian randomization, this study aimed to examine the causal impact of gut microbiota on cholestatic liver diseases.
METHODS
From large-scale genome-wide association studies, genetic instruments for each gut microbiota taxa as well as primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis were developed. Subsequently, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, supplemented by multiple sensitivity analyses. Additionally, we performed reverse MR analyses to investigate the possibility of the reverse causal association.
RESULT
This two-sample MR study indicated that the was associated with a decreased risk of developing PBC, and that may be factors that increase the risk of PBC. On the other hand, we also identified were positively associated with PSC. The , and were found negative associations with the risk of PSC. The reverse MR analysis demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between PBC, PSC and these specific gut microbial taxa.
CONCLUSION
Our findings offered novel evidence that the abundance of particular bacteria contributes to the risk of PBC and PSC, which may contribute to more effective approaches to PBC and PSC therapy and prevention.
PubMed: 38327703
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1342119 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Numerous studies have revealed associations between gut microbiota and adipose tissue. However, the specific functional bacterial taxa and their causal relationships...
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have revealed associations between gut microbiota and adipose tissue. However, the specific functional bacterial taxa and their causal relationships with adipose tissue production in different regions of the body remain unclear.
METHODS
We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study using aggregated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for gut microbiota and adipose tissue. We employed methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode to assess the causal relationships between gut microbiota and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as well as visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger regression intercept analysis, and MR-PRESSO were used to test for heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and outliers of the instrumental variables, respectively. Reverse MR was employed to evaluate the reverse causal relationships between SAT, VAT, and gut microbiota with significant associations.
RESULTS
IVW results demonstrated that were protective factors for SAT production (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96, = 0.005) and VAT production (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99, = 0.030). Various bacterial taxa including (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, = 0.017), (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, = 0.029), and (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98, = 0.012) were associated only with decreased SAT production. (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10, = 0.005), (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, = 0.028), (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17, = 0.034), and (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10, = 0.047) were risk factors for SAT production. Meanwhile, (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, = 0.019), (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99, = 0.022), and Defluviitaleaceae UCG011 (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, = 0.024) were protective factors for VAT production. Furthermore, (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17, = 0.018), (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19, = 0.037), Alloprevotella (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10, = 0.038), and (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00-1.15, = 0.042) were associated with VAT accumulation. Additionally, reverse MR revealed significant associations between SAT, VAT, and (IVW: OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18-2.09, = 0.002) as well as (IVW: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29, = 0.029), both acting as risk factors. Sensitivity analyzes during bidirectional MR did not identify heterogeneity or pleiotropy.
CONCLUSION
This study unveils complex causal relationships between gut microbiota and SAT/VAT, providing novel insights into the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of gut microbiota in obesity and related metabolic disorders.
PubMed: 38029216
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285982 -
Animal Microbiome May 2021Oral diseases are common in dogs, with microbiota playing a prominent role in the disease process. Oral cavity habitats harbor unique microbiota populations that have...
BACKGROUND
Oral diseases are common in dogs, with microbiota playing a prominent role in the disease process. Oral cavity habitats harbor unique microbiota populations that have relevance to health and disease. Despite their importance, the canine oral cavity microbial habitats have been poorly studied. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the oral microbiota of different habitats of dogs and (2) correlate oral health scores with bacterial taxa and identify what sites may be good options for understanding the role of microbiota in oral diseases. We used next-generation sequencing to characterize the salivary (SAL), subgingival (SUB), and supragingival (SUP) microbial habitats of 26 healthy adult female Beagle dogs (4.0 ± 1.2 year old) and identify taxa associated with periodontal disease indices.
RESULTS
Bacterial species richness was highest for SAL, moderate for SUB, and lowest for SUP samples (p < 0.001). Unweighted and weighted principal coordinates plots showed clustering by habitat, with SAL and SUP samples being the most different from one another. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Spirochaetes were the predominant phyla in all habitats. Paludibacter, Filifactor, Peptostreptococcus, Fusibacter, Anaerovorax, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Desulfomicrobium, and TG5 were enriched in SUB samples, while Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Leucobacter, Euzebya, Capnocytophaga, Bergeyella, Lautropia, Lampropedia, Desulfobulbus, Enhydrobacter, and Moraxella were enriched in SUP samples. Prevotella, SHD-231, Helcococcus, Treponema, and Acholeplasma were enriched in SAL samples. p-75-a5, Arcobacter, and Pasteurella were diminished in SUB samples. Porphyromonas, Peptococcus, Parvimonas, and Campylobacter were diminished in SUP samples, while Tannerella, Proteocalla, Schwartzia, and Neisseria were diminished in SAL samples. Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria were associated with higher oral health scores (worsened health) in plaque samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate the differences that exist among canine salivary, subgingival plaque and supragingival plaque habitats. Salivary samples do not require sedation and are easy to collect, but do not accurately represent the plaque populations that are most important to oral disease. Plaque Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria were associated with higher (worse) oral health scores. Future studies analyzing samples from progressive disease stages are needed to validate these results and understand the role of bacteria in periodontal disease development.
PubMed: 34001282
DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00100-9 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024To investigate the structure, composition, and functions of the gut microbiota in elderly patients with hyperlipidemia.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the structure, composition, and functions of the gut microbiota in elderly patients with hyperlipidemia.
METHODS
Sixteen older patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (M group) and 10 healthy, age-matched normal volunteers (N group) were included. These groups were further subdivided by sex into the male normal (NM, n = 5), female normal (NF, n = 5), male hyperlipidemia (MM, n = 8), and female hyperlipidemia (MF, n = 8) subgroups. Stool samples were collected for high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Blood samples were collected for clinical biochemical index testing.
RESULTS
Alpha- and beta-diversity analyses revealed that the structure and composition of the gut microbiota were significantly different between the M and N groups. The relative abundances of , , , , and were significantly decreased, while those of , , and were significantly higher in the M group. There were also significant sex-related differences in microbial structure between the NM and NF groups, and between the MM and MF groups. Through functional prediction with PICRUSt 2, we observed distinct between-group variations in metabolic pathways associated with the gut microbiota and their impact on the functionality of the nervous system. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used as a distance metric to build co-abundance networks. A hypergeometric test was used to detect taxonomies with significant enrichment in specific clusters. We speculated that modules with and as the core microbes play an important ecological role in the intestinal microbiota of the M group. The relative intestinal abundances of and in the M group were positively correlated with serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels, while the relative abundance of was negatively correlated with the serum lipoprotein a level.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Female; Aged; Hyperlipidemias; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Feces; Bacteria; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38812752
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1333145 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Increasing numbers of people are suffering from sleep disorders. The gut microbiota of these individuals differs significantly. However, no reports are available on the...
BACKGROUND
Increasing numbers of people are suffering from sleep disorders. The gut microbiota of these individuals differs significantly. However, no reports are available on the causal associations between specific gut microbiota and sleep disorders.
METHODS
Data on gut genera were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium. Twenty-four cohorts with 18,340 individuals of European origin were included. Sleep disorder data, which included 216,454 European individuals, were retrieved from the FinnGen Biobank. Subsequently, two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed to analyze associations between sleep disorders and specific components of the gut microbiota.
RESULTS
Inverse variance weighting (IVW) revealed a negative correlation between and sleep disorders (OR = 0.797, 95% CI = 0.66-0.96, and = 0.016), a positive correlation between and sleep disorders (OR = 1.429, 95% CI = 1.03-1.98, and = 0.032), a negative association between and sleep disorders (OR = 0.745, 95% CI = 0.56-0.98, and = 0.038), and a negative association between and sleep disorders (OR = 0.858, 95% CI = 0.74-0.99, = 0.039).
CONCLUSION
A significant causal relationship was found between four specific gut microbiota and sleep disorders. One family, , was observed to increase the risk of sleep disorders, while three genera, namely, , and , could reduce the risk of sleep disorders. However, further investigations are needed to confirm the specific mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects sleep.
PubMed: 38585691
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1372827 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Mar 2024Recent studies have indicated an association between intestinal flora and lipids. However, observational studies cannot indicate causality. In this study, we aimed to...
AIMS
Recent studies have indicated an association between intestinal flora and lipids. However, observational studies cannot indicate causality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potentially causal relationships between the intestinal flora and blood lipids.
METHODS
We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between intestinal flora and blood lipids. Summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for the 211 intestinal flora and blood lipid traits (n = 5) were obtained from public datasets. Five recognized MR methods were applied to assess the causal relationship with lipids, among which, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression was used as the primary MR method. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the causal estimates.
RESULTS
The results indicated a potential causal association between 19 intestinal flora and dyslipidemia in humans. Genus Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Parasutterella, Terrisporobacter, Parabacteroides, Class Erysipelotrichia, Family Erysipelotrichaceae, and order Erysipelotrichales were associated with higher dyslipidemia, whereas genus Oscillospira, Peptococcus, Ruminococcaceae UCG010, Ruminococcaceae UCG011, Dorea, and Family Desulfovibrionaceae were associated with lower dyslipidemia. After using the Bonferroni method for multiple testing correction, Only Desulfovibrionaceae [Estimate = -0.0418, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9362-0.9826, P = 0.0007] exhibited stable and significant negative associations with ApoB levels. The inverse MR analysis did not find a significant causal effect of lipids on the intestinal flora. Additionally, no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy for IVs was observed in the analysis.
CONCLUSION
The study suggested a causal relationship between intestinal flora and dyslipidemia. These findings will provide a meaningful reference to discover dyslipidemia for intervention to address the problems in the clinic.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Atherosclerosis; Dyslipidemias
PubMed: 38431594
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03804-3 -
Aging Cell Mar 2024The Methionine restriction (MR) diet has been shown to delay aging and extend lifespan in various model organisms. However, the long-term effects of MR diet on the gut...
The Methionine restriction (MR) diet has been shown to delay aging and extend lifespan in various model organisms. However, the long-term effects of MR diet on the gut microbiome composition remain unclear. To study this, male mice were started on MR and control diet regimens at 6 months and continued until 22 months of age. MR mice have reduced body weight, fat mass percentage, and bone mineral density while having increased lean mass percentage. MR mice also have increased insulin sensitivity along with increasing indirect calorimetry markers such as energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and glucose oxidation. Fecal samples were collected at 1 week, 18 weeks, and 57 weeks after the diet onset for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to study the gut microbiome composition. Alpha and beta diversity metrics detected changes occurring due to the timepoint variable, but no changes were detected due to the diet variable. The results from LEfSe analysis surprisingly showed that more bacterial taxa changes were linked to age rather than diet. Interestingly, we found that the long-term MR diet feeding induced smaller changes compared to short-term feeding. Specific taxa changes due to the diet were observed at the 1 or 18-week time points, including Ileibacterium, Odoribacter, Lachnoclostridium, Marinifilaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. Furthermore, there were consistent aging-associated changes across both groups, with an increase in Ileibacterium and Erysipelotrichaceae with age, while Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Ruminococcaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Peptococcus decreased with age.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Methionine; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Diet; Body Weight; Racemethionine
PubMed: 38279509
DOI: 10.1111/acel.14051 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Post-operative delirium (POD) is a serious complication which occurs after surgery, especially in the elderly undergoing abdominal surgery. Increasing evidence has...
INTRODUCTION
Post-operative delirium (POD) is a serious complication which occurs after surgery, especially in the elderly undergoing abdominal surgery. Increasing evidence has revealed an association between the gut microbiota and psychological disorders involving the "brain-gut" axis. However, the association between the pathogenesis of POD after abdominal surgery in aging and composition of the gut microbiota remains unclear.
METHODS
Forty patients (≥65 years old) who underwent abdominal surgery were included in the study. Twenty patients had POD, whereas 20 patients did not. POD was diagnosed and assessed using the confusion assessment method (CAM) during the postoperative period. Total DNA fractions were extracted from all fecal samples of patients. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine the composition of the gut microbiota. The quality of the samples was determined by calculating the α- and β-diversities.
RESULTS
The α- and β-diversities indicated that the samples were eligible for detection and comparison. We observed multiple differentially abundant bacteria in patients with and without POD. Generally, , and were abundant in the POD cohort, whereas and were abundant in the control cohort. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of was 0.75. Phenotype prediction showed that the gut microbiota may influence POD by altering the tolerance to oxidative stress.
CONCLUSION
There were significant associations between the pathogenesis of POD and composition of the gut microbiota. are promising diagnostic bacterial species for predicting POD onset after abdominal surgery in elderly people.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR200030131.
PubMed: 35308872
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.852269 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-liver axis dysbiosis have been suggested as the primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury....
Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-liver axis dysbiosis have been suggested as the primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Previous research established that yeast extract (YE) has antioxidant, immune-boosting or microbiota-regulating properties. However, there is currently lack of information regarding the efficacy of YE on alcoholic liver injury. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to address this research gap using a Wistar male rat experimental model. Histologic and biochemical analysis results showed that the groups treated with both low-dose yeast extract (YEL) and high-dose yeast extract (YEH) had lower degrees of alcohol-induced liver injury. The abundance of and reduced in the low-dose yeast extract (YEL) group, while that of , , and reduced in the high-dose (YEH) group. Furthermore, Spearman analysis showed that the gut microbes were significantly associated with several liver-related indicators. For the analysis of differential metabolites and enriched pathways in the YEL group, the abundance of lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) significantly increased, and then the levels of histamine, adenosine and 5' -adenine nucleotide were remarkedly elevated in the YEH group. These findings suggest that both high and low doses of YE can have different protective effects on liver injury in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) rats, in addition to improving gut microbiota disorder. Besides, high-dose YE has been found to be more effective than low-dose YE in metabolic regulation, as well as in dealing with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
PubMed: 37547679
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1217449