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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Herbal extracts have evoked interest owing to the small number of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, which impart antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory...
Herbal extracts have evoked interest owing to the small number of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, which impart antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of four herbal extracts (lemon grass oil, basil oil, peppermint oil, and Obicure tea extract) against endodontic pathogens along with the MIC: MBC/MFC ratio were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity by detecting the MIC of three essential oils and tea extract was evaluated against eight common endodontic pathogens by the broth dilution method, while MBC was detected by subculturing onto blood agar from the first -three to five tubes from the MIC dilution tubes (showing no turbidity), which were plated on blood agar. All herbal extracts proved to be effective antimicrobials against tested endodontic pathogens. Basil oil had a bacteriostatic effect on all the organisms ( < 0.05). Mint oil showed bacteriostatic activity on and ( > 0.05). Tea extract had a bacteriostatic effect ( > 0.05) against all tested microbes except Actinomyces, Lactobacilli, , and . Lemon grass oil had a bactericidal effect against all the organisms and a bacteriostatic effect against ( > 0.05). It can be concluded that basil oil showed a strong bactericidal effect on the test organisms. The MIC for the organisms ranged from 0.2 to 50 μg/ml.
PubMed: 38882894
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_735_23 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022Intra-abdominal abscesses mostly derive from the intra-abdominal viscera. spp. are Gram-negative rods which are known to cause oral infections but rarely have been...
Intra-abdominal abscesses mostly derive from the intra-abdominal viscera. spp. are Gram-negative rods which are known to cause oral infections but rarely have been documented to cause extra-intestinal infections resulting in abscesses. We report an atypical case of () and spp. bacteria isolated from a perinephric abscess presenting as abdominal pain. Abscesses originating from outside the gastrointestinal tract have been reported in other similar case reports infecting the head, brain, and thoracic wall amongst others. The potential source and development of such a r infection could be due to multiple hypotheses. This is a first case report of perinephric abscess development. Studies have suggested person-to-person (fecal-oral) transmission along with insects serving as primary reservoirs. Seeding of bacteria through infections in the oral cavity or through infections in the bowel microperforations has also been considered as plausible reasons. Since has been isolated in such rare instances, it should be kept in mind when considering differential diagnosis of potential causative agents for extra-oral infections such as invasive abscess formations.
PubMed: 35070461
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4028085 -
Journal of Dental Research Nov 2010The subgingival microbiome is largely uncultivated, and therefore, cultivation-based and targeted molecular approaches have limited value in examining the effect of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The subgingival microbiome is largely uncultivated, and therefore, cultivation-based and targeted molecular approaches have limited value in examining the effect of smoking on this community. We tested the hypothesis that the subgingival biofilm is compositionally different in current and never-smokers by using an open-ended molecular approach for bacterial identification. Subgingival plaque from deep sites of current and never-smokers matched for disease was analyzed by 16S sequencing. Smokers demonstrated greater abundance of Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Bacteroides, and Treponema and lower levels of Veillonella, Neisseria, and Streptococcus. Several uncultivated Peptostreptococci, Parvimonas micra, Campylobacter gracilis, Treponema socranskii, Dialister pneumosintes, and Tannerella forsythia were elevated in this group, while Veillonella sp. oral clone B2, Neisseria sp. oral clone 2.24, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Capnocytophaga sp. clone AH015 were at lower levels. The microbial profile of smoking-associated periodontitis is distinct from that of non-smokers, with significant differences in the prevalence and abundance of disease-associated and health-compatible organisms.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Biofilms; Campylobacter; Capnocytophaga; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Plaque; Female; Fusobacterium; Gingiva; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neisseria; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Smoking; Streptococcus; Treponema; Veillonella
PubMed: 20739702
DOI: 10.1177/0022034510377203 -
Heliyon Mar 2022The Microbial Culturomics Project aiming to discover several bacterial species made it possible to isolate the strain Marseille-P4308 from a stool sample of a healthy...
The Microbial Culturomics Project aiming to discover several bacterial species made it possible to isolate the strain Marseille-P4308 from a stool sample of a healthy indigenous Congolese volunteer. Strain Marseille-P4308 is a Gram-positive coccus shaped bacterium that optimally grows at 37 °C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain has a 96.2% sequence similarity to strain NCTC 11460 (GenBank accession number: NR_042847.1). In addition, the average nucleotide identity of strain Marseille-P4308 with its closest related species was 71.1%, which was far below the recommended threshold (>95-96%). The genome of the strain Marseille-P4308 has a length of 2.14 Mbp with G + C content of 30.4 mol%. Based on phenotypic, biochemical, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain Marseille-P4308 (= CSUR P4308 = CECT 9960) clearly appears to be a new species for which the name sp. nov., is proposed.
PubMed: 35313487
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09102 -
Gut Aug 2017There is a need for an improved biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma. We evaluated faecal microbial markers for clinical use in detecting CRC and...
OBJECTIVE
There is a need for an improved biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma. We evaluated faecal microbial markers for clinical use in detecting CRC and advanced adenoma.
DESIGN
We measured relative abundance of (), () and () by quantitative PCR in 309 subjects, including 104 patients with CRC, 103 patients with advanced adenoma and 102 controls. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers with respect to faecal immunochemical test (FIT), and validated the results in an independent cohort of 181 subjects.
RESULTS
The abundance was higher for all three individual markers in patients with CRC than controls (p<0.001), and for marker in patients with advanced adenoma than controls (p=0.022). The marker , when combined with FIT, showed superior sensitivity (92.3% vs 73.1%, p<0.001) and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.95 vs 0.86, p<0.001) than stand-alone FIT in detecting CRC in the same patient cohort. This combined test also increased the sensitivity (38.6% vs 15.5%, p<0.001) and AUC (0.65 vs 0.57, p=0.007) for detecting advanced adenoma. The performance gain for both CRC and advanced adenoma was confirmed in the validation cohort (p=0.0014 and p=0.031, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified marker as a valuable marker to improve diagnostic performance of FIT, providing a complementary role to detect lesions missed by FIT alone. This simple approach may improve the clinical utility of the current FIT, and takes one step further towards a non-invasive, potentially more accurate and affordable diagnosis of advanced colorectal neoplasia.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Female; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occult Blood; Peptostreptococcus; ROC Curve
PubMed: 27797940
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312766 -
Research in Veterinary Science Dec 2022In the present study, relationships between the intestinal microbiota and innate immunity response, acute cryptosporidiosis, and weight gain in female dairy calves were...
In the present study, relationships between the intestinal microbiota and innate immunity response, acute cryptosporidiosis, and weight gain in female dairy calves were investigated. A total of 112 calves born during a natural outbreak of cryptosporidiosis on one dairy farm was included in the study. Microbiota composition was analysed by means of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing from faecal samples collected during the second week of life, while the status of Cryptosporidium spp. infection was determined using immunofluorescence. Serum samples from the second week of life were colourimetrically analysed for the following markers of acute inflammation: acute-phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha). Statistical analyses were performed using random forest analysis, variance-partitioning, and negative binomial regression. The faecal microbiota of the two-week old calves was composed of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria (in order of decreasing abundance). Microbial diversity, measured in terms of the Shannon index, increased with the age of the calves and decreased if a high count of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts was found in the faeces. Fusobacterium was positively associated with Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst count and serum amyloid A concentration. Peptostreptococcus was positively associated with haptoglobin and serum amyloid A concentrations, and negatively associated with average daily weight gain at 9 months of age. The markers of innate immunity, in combination with age, explained 6% of the microbial variation. These results suggest that some components of the intestinal microbiota may have a long-lasting negative effect on animal growth through the stimulation of the systemic innate immune response.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Disease Outbreaks; Feces; Female; Haptoglobins; Microbiota; Oocysts; Prevalence; Serum Amyloid A Protein; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Weight Gain
PubMed: 35901524
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.008 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Aug 2017The clinical and microbiological characteristics of infections caused by Parvimonas micra is described, including 30 cases in the literature and a new case handled at... (Review)
Review
The clinical and microbiological characteristics of infections caused by Parvimonas micra is described, including 30 cases in the literature and a new case handled at the present centre. Out of the 31 patients, 18 were male; mean age at diagnosis was 65.1 ± 13.0 years. Infection site was the vertebral spine in 14 patients and joints and heart valves in 5 each one; pain was present in all patients with articular localization and in almost all patients with vertebral involvement. The diagnosis was obtained from fluid aspirate or drainage in 13 cases and blood cultures in 11. In 8 cases, molecular techniques were also applied. The most frequently used antimicrobials were clindamycin, penicillin, amoxicillin and ceftriaxone. The outcome was positive with the medical treatment in 28 patients. P. micra infections are uncommon and requires a high index of suspicion.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Peptostreptococcus; Pleural Effusion; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28537064
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Arthroplasty Jun 2017Periprosthetic hip infection treatment remains a significant challenge for orthopedics. Some studies have suggested that methicillin resistance and gram-negative...
BACKGROUND
Periprosthetic hip infection treatment remains a significant challenge for orthopedics. Some studies have suggested that methicillin resistance and gram-negative organism type are associated with increased treatment failure. The aim of this research is to determine if specific organisms were associated with poor outcomes in treatment for hip periprosthetic infection.
METHODS
Records were reviewed of all patients between 2005 and 2015 who underwent treatment for infected partial or total hip arthroplasty. Characteristics of each patient's treatment course were determined including baseline characteristics, infecting organism(s), infection status at final follow-up, surgeries for infection, and time in hospital. Baseline characteristics and organisms that were associated with clinical outcomes in univariate analysis were incorporated into multivariable outcomes models.
RESULTS
When compared with patients infected with other organism(s), patients infected with the following organisms had significantly decreased infection-free rates: Pseudomonas, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Proteus. Infection with certain organisms was associated with 1.13-2.58 additional surgeries: methicillin-sensitive S aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, MRSA, Pseudomonas, Peptostreptococcus, Klebsiella, Candida, diphtheroids, Propionibacterium acnes, and Proteus species. Specific organisms were associated with 8.56-24.54 additional days in hospital for infection: methicillin-sensitive S aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Proteus, MRSA, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, and diphtheroids. Higher comorbidity score was also associated with greater length of hospitalization.
CONCLUSION
MRSA, Pseudomonas, and Proteus were associated with all 3 outcomes of lower infection-free rate, more surgery, and more time in hospital in treatment for hip periprosthetic infection. Organism-specific outcome information may help individualize patient-physician discussions about the expected course of treatment for hip periprosthetic infection.
Topics: Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Candida; Female; Hip; Hospitalization; Humans; Klebsiella; Length of Stay; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Peptostreptococcus; Propionibacterium acnes; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28222919
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2017.01.027 -
Journal of Bacteriology May 1966Bahn, Arthur N. (Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.), Patrick C. Y. Kung, and James A. Hayashi. Chemical composition and serological analysis of the cell wall of...
Bahn, Arthur N. (Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.), Patrick C. Y. Kung, and James A. Hayashi. Chemical composition and serological analysis of the cell wall of Peptostreptococcus. J. Bacteriol. 91:1672-1676. 1966.-Chemical and serological analyses were made of the cell wall of Peptostreptococcus to characterize taxonomically this genus of anaerobic streptococci. Cell wall hydrolysates of P. putridus strains 06 and 85, P. intermedius strains 11 and 87, and P. elsdenii strain B-159 were prepared, and the cell wall sugars were measured quantitatively by paper chromatography. Strain 85 contained only glucose, whereas strain 06 contained 93% glucose and 7% mannose. Strain 87 contained only rhamnose, and strain 11 contained approximately equal amounts of glucose and rhamnose. Strain B-159 differed from all the other strains in having a low (3.1%) content of total carbohydrate, consisting of rhamnose, galactose, and glucose. Quantitative amino acid analyses showed that the major amino compounds present in the cell wall were glutamic and aspartic acids, alanine, lysine, muramic acid, glucosamine, and galactosamine. Strains 06 and 85 possessed this complement of amino compounds, but strains 11 and 87 had relatively little aspartic acid. Strain B-159 was markedly different in having a high content of glycine and diaminopimelic acid, with only traces of lysine; it was the only strain in which teichoic acid was found. Serological analyses were made with the use of cell wall extracts as antigenic material and with homologous antisera, as well as streptococcal group antisera for groups A through S. The only strong agglutination was obtained between strain 87 antigen and group C antisera; weak agglutination was obtained with 87 against N, O, and K, and between strain 11 and groups E and F. All other antisera gave negative reactions. It is concluded that strain B-159 does not belong to the genus Peptostreptococcus, that strains 06 and 85 are members of P. putridus, and that strains 11 and 87 may be members of two different genera.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Amino Acids; Antigens; Carbohydrates; Cell Wall; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Paper; Galactose; Glucose; In Vitro Techniques; Mannose; Peptostreptococcus; Rhamnose
PubMed: 5937229
DOI: 10.1128/jb.91.5.1672-1676.1966 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Sep 2018
Topics: Brain Abscess; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptostreptococcus; Streptococcus constellatus; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 30192737
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.17130