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DEN Open Apr 2024Although prednisolone treatment is effective in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS), its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. We performed analyses of cytokine...
Although prednisolone treatment is effective in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS), its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. We performed analyses of cytokine expression and fecal microbiota in a patient with the concurrent occurrence of CCS and rectal cancer, in whom regression of polyposis was achieved by prednisolone. Regression of CCS polyps was accompanied by downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression and alterations in microbiota composition; a decrease in and with the promotion of inflammation. We could not completely exclude the possibility that alterations in fecal microbiota composition might be influenced by the presence of advanced cancer. However, this case suggests that the administration of PSL might lead to the regression of CCS polyps through alterations in gut microbiota composition and suppression of proinflammatory cytokine responses.
PubMed: 37168272
DOI: 10.1002/deo2.222 -
BMC Genomics Oct 2019Diverse microbial communities colonizing the intestine of fish contribute to their growth, digestion, nutrition, and immune function. We hypothesized that fecal samples...
BACKGROUND
Diverse microbial communities colonizing the intestine of fish contribute to their growth, digestion, nutrition, and immune function. We hypothesized that fecal samples representing the gut microbiota of rainbow trout could be associated with differential growth rates observed in fish breeding programs. If true, harnessing the functionality of this microbiota can improve the profitability of aquaculture. The first objective of this study was to test this hypothesis if gut microbiota is associated with fish growth rate (body weight). Four full-sibling families were stocked in the same tank and fed an identical diet. Two fast-growing and two slow-growing fish were selected from each family for 16S rRNA microbiota profiling. Microbiota diversity varies with different DNA extraction methods. The second objective of this study was to compare the effects of five commonly used DNA extraction methods on the microbiota profiling and to determine the most appropriate extraction method for this study. These methods were Promega-Maxwell, Phenol-chloroform, MO-BIO, Qiagen-Blood/Tissue, and Qiagen-Stool. Methods were compared according to DNA integrity, cost, feasibility and inter-sample variation based on non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination (nMDS) clusters.
RESULTS
Differences in DNA extraction methods resulted in significant variation in the identification of bacteria that compose the gut microbiota. Promega-Maxwell had the lowest inter-sample variation and was therefore used for the subsequent analyses. Beta diversity of the bacterial communities showed significant variation between breeding families but not between the fast- and slow-growing fish. However, an indicator analysis determined that cellulose, amylose degrading and amino acid fermenting bacteria (Clostridium, Leptotrichia, and Peptostreptococcus) are indicator taxa of the fast-growing fish. In contrary, pathogenic bacteria (Corynebacterium and Paeniclostridium) were identified as indicator taxa for the slow-growing fish.
CONCLUSION
DNA extraction methodology should be carefully considered for accurate profiling of the gut microbiota. Although the microbiota was not significantly different between the fast- and slow-growing fish groups, some bacterial taxa with functional implications were indicative of fish growth rate. Further studies are warranted to explore how bacteria are transmitted and potential usage of the indicator bacteria of fast-growing fish for development of probiotics that may improve fish health and growth.
Topics: Animals; DNA; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Oncorhynchus mykiss
PubMed: 31664902
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6175-2 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jun 2006To screen rumen bacterial cultures and fresh ruminal isolates for indole and skatole production.
AIM
To screen rumen bacterial cultures and fresh ruminal isolates for indole and skatole production.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Culture collection strains and fresh bacterial isolates from rumen contents of sheep and dairy cows were screened for the production of indolic compounds. Clostridium aminophilum FT, Peptostreptococcus ssp. S1, Fusobacterium necrophorum D4 produced indole and Clostridium sticklandii SR produced indoleacetic acid. Fresh isolates from sheep (TrE9262 and TrE7262) and dairy cows (152R-1a, 152R-1b, 152R-3 and 152R-4) produced indole, indolepropionic acid, tryptophol and skatole from the fermentation of tryptophan and indoleacetic acid. Glucose altered the indolic compounds produced in some, but not all, isolates. TrE7262 and 152R-4 were identified as Clostridium sporogenes and 152R-1b as a new Cl. aminophilum strain. Isolates TrE9262, 152R-1a and 152R-3 were not closely related to any described species but belong to Megasphaera, Prevotella and Actinomyces genera, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Rumen bacteria that produced a range of indolic compounds were identified. Some isolates are distinct from the previously described bacteria and may represent novel species.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
These observations will contribute to understanding skatole and indole formation in the rumen and will lead to methods that control the formation of indolic compounds in pasture-grazed ruminants.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Bacteria; Cattle; Clostridium; Clostridium sticklandii; Fusobacterium; Indoles; Peptostreptococcus; Phylogeny; Ribotyping; Rumen; Sheep, Domestic; Skatole
PubMed: 16696673
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02896.x -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Jun 2007To describe the microbiological characteristics of a cohort of patients with complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema thoracis, and to identify the potential risk...
OBJECTIVES
To describe the microbiological characteristics of a cohort of patients with complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema thoracis, and to identify the potential risk factors for adverse outcomes, with particular reference to the choice of empirical antibiotics, intrapleural fibrinolytics, adherence to management guidelines, and input from pulmonologists.
DESIGN
Retrospective review.
SETTING
Regional hospital, Hong Kong.
PATIENTS
All patients with a diagnosis of complicated parapneumonic effusion/empyema thoracis admitted between January 2003 and June 2005.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Microbiological characteristics, mortality, and surgery-free survival. RESULTS. There were 63 patients, with a mean age of 64 (standard deviation, 16) years and a male-to-female ratio of 45:18. The pleural fluid culture positivity rate was 68%; Streptococcus milleri (19%), Bacteroides (14%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%), and Peptostreptococcus (7%) were the most common organisms. Thirteen (21%) patients died during their index admission. Use of intrapleural fibrinolytics according to the guideline was associated with survival (P=0.001) while discordant initial antibiotic use was associated with mortality (P=0.002). Discordant initial antibiotic use was also independently associated with reduced surgery-free survival (P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that early intrapleural fibrinolytic use (within 4 days of diagnosis) was associated with decreased mortality (P<0.001), increased surgery-free survival (P=0.005), and shorter hospital stay (P=0.039).
CONCLUSION
Organisms identified from complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema thoracis differ from those giving rise to community-acquired pneumonia. In these patients, adherence to guidelines, early concordant antibiotic treatment, intrapleural fibrinolytics, and input from a pulmonologist were associated with improved outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Drug Utilization Review; Empyema, Pleural; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Guideline Adherence; Hong Kong; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Middle Aged; Peptostreptococcus; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Streptococcus milleri Group; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 17548905
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Jul 2011We investigated the sequential gene expression in the gingiva during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis.
AIMS
We investigated the sequential gene expression in the gingiva during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twenty periodontally and systemically healthy non-smoking volunteers participated in a 3-week experimental gingivitis protocol, followed by debridement and 2-week regular plaque control. We recorded clinical indices and harvested gingival tissue samples from four interproximal palatal sites in half of the participants at baseline, Day 7, Day 14 and Day 21 (the "induction phase"), and at Day 21, Day 25, Day 30 and Day 35 in the other half (the "resolution phase"). RNA was extracted, amplified, reversed transcribed, amplified, labelled and hybridized using Affymetrix Human Genome U133Plus2.0 microarrays. Paired t-tests compared gene expression changes between consecutive time points. Gene ontology analyses summarized the expression patterns into biologically relevant categories.
RESULTS
The median gingival index was 0 at baseline, 2 at Day 21 and 1 at Day 35. Differential gene regulation peaked during the third week of induction and the first 4 days of resolution. Leucocyte transmigration, cell adhesion and antigen processing/presentation were the top differentially regulated pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Transcriptomic studies enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of the reversible inflammatory gingival lesion and provide a detailed account of the dynamic tissue responses during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis.
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Antigen Presentation; Bacteroides; Cell Adhesion; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Dental Plaque; Female; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Microarray Analysis; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontal Index; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; RNA; Streptococcus; Treponema denticola; Young Adult
PubMed: 21501207
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01719.x -
Thoracic Cancer Mar 2022Accumulating studies have suggested the airway microbiota in lung cancer patients is significantly different from that of healthy controls. However, little is known...
BACKGROUND
Accumulating studies have suggested the airway microbiota in lung cancer patients is significantly different from that of healthy controls. However, little is known about the relationship between airway microbiota and important clinical parameters of lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between sputum microbiota and lung cancer stage, lymph node metastasis, intrathoracic metastasis, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation.
METHODS
The microbiota of sputum samples from 85 newly-diagnosed NSCLC patients were sequenced via 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 region. Sequencing reads were filtered using QIIME2 and clustered against UPARSE.
RESULTS
Alpha- and β-diversity was significantly different between patients in stages I to II (early stage, ES) and patients in stages III to IV (advanced stage, AS). Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified that genera Granulicatella and Actinobacillus were significantly enriched in ES, and the genus Actinomyces was significantly enriched in AS. PICRUSt2 identified that the NAD salvage pathway was significantly enriched in AS, which was positively associated with Granulicatella. Patients with intrathoracic metastasis were associated with increased genus Peptostreptococcus and incomplete reductive TCA cycle, which was associated with increased Peptostreptococcus. Genera Parvimonas, Pseudomona and L-valine biosynthesis were positively associated with lymph node metastasis. L-valine biosynthesis was related with increased Pseudomona. Finally, the genus Parvimonas was significantly enriched in adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation.
CONCLUSION
The taxonomy structure differed between different lung cancer stages. The tumor stage, intrathoracic metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and EGFR mutation were associated with alteration of specific airway genera and metabolic function of sputum microbiota.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; ErbB Receptors; Genes, erbB-1; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Microbiota; Mutation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35142041
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14340 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Apr 2016
Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Edema; Eye; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Headache; Humans; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Peptostreptococcus; Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27037397
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-2-204 -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Jun 2014Dental infection has plagued humankind for as long as our civilization has been a fight against microorganisms by man dates back to ancient civilization. The discoveries...
INTRODUCTION
Dental infection has plagued humankind for as long as our civilization has been a fight against microorganisms by man dates back to ancient civilization. The discoveries of antibiotics are encouraging trends towards conquest of the microbial infection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study emphasizes the detection of pathogenic microorganisms by microbiological examination and culture of specimens representative of the infection, importance of early and correct diagnosis of infections, prompt treatment and supportive care.
RESULTS
The age group most commonly involved was in the third and fourth decades of life. Extraction followed by incision and drainage was done. The most commonly involved space was submandibular followed by buccal space. Thirty isolates were obtained. 43 % of the strains were strict anaerobes and 39 % were aerobes, with mixed growth was seen in 18.52 %. Amongst aerobes alpha hemolytic Streptococcus aureus and Peptostreptococcus as anaerobes were the most predominant followed by Bacteroides and Prevotella. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic isolates were obtained from 18.52 % of total cases. Overall resistance to Penicillin was 22 %, amongst aerobes.
CONCLUSION
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid combination performed better, as 100 % strains were sensitive to it. The results of this study saw a changing trend in terms of predominance of anaerobic bacteria over aerobic ones.
PubMed: 24822004
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-012-0463-6 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Nov 2012Pregnancy gingivitis is a major oral infection. Periodontium acts as a reservoir of inflammatory mediators and sub gingival biofilms of bacteria.
INTRODUCTION
Pregnancy gingivitis is a major oral infection. Periodontium acts as a reservoir of inflammatory mediators and sub gingival biofilms of bacteria.
AIM
To evaluate the anaerobic oral microbial flora in pregnant women before delivery and after delivery by comparing them with control group.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group included fifteen cases of pregnant women before and after delivery and healthy non-pregnant women of same age as control group. Sub gingival plaque samples were collected with the help of dentists. The samples were inoculated immediately into Thioglycollate broth (MV010), transported to the laboratory, inoculated on to selective media for anaerobes (Hi-media laboratories) incubated anaerobically (Gas pack).
RESULTS
Prevotella, Tanerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella, Peptostreptococcus were isolated.
DISCUSSION
The anaerobic bacteria in pregnant women were Prevotella, Tanerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Viellonella and Peptostreptococcus were seen in control group and after delivery. Research suggests that periodontal pathogens may travel the blood stream from the oral cavity to the placenta.
CONCLUSION
Pregnancy has significant effect on periodontal tissue. There is a significant alteration of bacterial flora during and after pregnancy. Oral health has to become a part of antenatal care /check up.
PubMed: 23285437
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2012/4609.2540 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Jun 2021Deep neck infections (DNIs) are still emergency conditions in otorhinolaryngology. Due to rapid disease progression and life-threatening complications, the accurate...
Deep neck infections (DNIs) are still emergency conditions in otorhinolaryngology. Due to rapid disease progression and life-threatening complications, the accurate surgical and medical treatment must be promptly applied. In the present study, we analyzed treatment protocols of 46 adults to assess efficacy of the treatment and search for prognostic factors of the outcomes. We performed retrospective analysis of medical data of 46 patients, who underwent surgical treatment in our department due to purulent DNI in the period from 2009 to 2017. Data investigated included age, sex, hospitalization time, duration of symptoms before drainage, comorbidities, selected laboratory tests results, location and the number of abscesses, results of microbiological cultures, and antibiotic treatment options. The study group consisted of 33 (71.7%) men and 13 (28.3%) women. Patients age ranged from 18 to 82 years. The mean duration of hospital stay was 13.2 ± 8.4 days. The most common site involved was submandibular space (43.5%), followed by parapharyngeal space (28.3%). The majority of patients had single abscess (81.2%), the multiple abscesses were revealed in 8 (18.8%) cases. The mean size of the abscesses was 42 mm. C-reactive protein level was increased in 96.7% patients (mean level 155.5 ± 146.7 mg/L), but the white blood cell count exceeded the normal in 60.9% cases (mean level 16.89 ± 5.59 × 10/L). (20.7%) and (20.7%) were the most common species cultured from swabs. The antibiotic treatment included most commonly a combined ceftriaxone and metronidazole (n = 23). Two patients died due to complications. The correlation between different variables and the duration of hospitalization revealed only the hemoglobin level below 12.5 g/dL, a significant predictor of longer hospitalization (16.23 days vs 12.09 days, = .017). Patients with purulent DNIs and decreased hemoglobin level are predisposed to prolonged recovery following the surgical drainage.
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drainage; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Neck Dissection; Peptostreptococcus; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus aureus; Suppuration; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 31565988
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319877281