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PloS One 2015This study aimed to examine cross-sectionally to what extent persons with higher symptom levels or a current or past emotional disorder report to be less happy than...
This study aimed to examine cross-sectionally to what extent persons with higher symptom levels or a current or past emotional disorder report to be less happy than controls and to assess prospectively whether time-lagged measurements of extraversion and neuroticism predict future happiness independent of time-lagged measurements of emotional disorders or symptom severity. A sample of 2142 adults aged 18-65, consisting of healthy controls and persons with current or past emotional disorder according to DSM-IV criteria completed self-ratings for happiness and emotional well-being and symptom severity. Lagged measurements of personality, symptom severity and presence of anxiety and depressive disorder at T0 (year 0), T2 (year 2) and T4 (year 4) were used to predict happiness and emotional well-being at T6 (year 6) controlling for demographics. In particular persons with more depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder and comorbid emotional disorders reported lower levels of happiness and emotional well-being. Depression symptom severity and to a lesser extent depressive disorder predicted future happiness and emotional well-being at T6. Extraversion and to a lesser extent neuroticism also consistently forecasted future happiness and emotional well-being independent of concurrent lagged measurements of emotional disorders and symptoms. A study limitation is that we only measured happiness and emotional well-being at T6 and our measures were confined to hedonistic well-being and did not include psychological and social well-being. In sum, consistent with the two continua model of emotional well-being and mental illness, a 'happy' personality characterized by high extraversion and to a lesser extent low neuroticism forecasts future happiness and emotional well-being independent of concurrently measured emotional disorders or symptom severity levels. Boosting positive emotionality may be an important treatment goal for persons personally inclined to lower levels of happiness.
Topics: Anxiety; Demography; Depression; Female; Happiness; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Personality
PubMed: 26461261
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139912 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Finding and retaining employment significantly challenges individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The employment rates of individuals with ASD are described as...
Finding and retaining employment significantly challenges individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The employment rates of individuals with ASD are described as extremely low, barred by various environmental, occupational, and personal factors. Illness identity is how a person's health condition integrates with their identity and daily life and relates to self-esteem, employment, and quality of life. Adults with ASD may experience challenges developing positive identities within social and work environments, but illness identity has not been studied among this population. This study examines the autism identity of adults with ASD and the relationships to their self-reported work-related self-efficacy and quality of life. Seventeen participants aged 19-47 years diagnosed with ASD completed the Illness Identity Questionnaire, Work-Related Self-Efficacy Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment. Participants reported significantly higher autism acceptance feelings. Negative feelings about living with autism were significantly correlated to lower work-related self-efficacy. Higher levels of enrichment feelings were significantly associated with a higher quality of life. These findings highlight the effect of illness identity on the work-related self-efficacy and quality of life among individuals with ASD. Allied health professionals and educators can assist these individuals in raising their awareness of how they perceive their autism, and in promoting its positive perception.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Autistic Disorder; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Quality of Life; Self Efficacy; Self Concept
PubMed: 36612444
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010122 -
Psychiatria Danubina 2021Our God image not only determines the nature of our relationship with God, it also influences our personality, actions, self-concept, mindset and social relations. It...
Our God image not only determines the nature of our relationship with God, it also influences our personality, actions, self-concept, mindset and social relations. It acts within and through us. Although everyone has a God image - regardless of whether one is a believer or not - the ways in which we experience God's relation to us are manifold. It is not unusual that even believers of the same congregation give accounts of diverse God images. Schema is a widely used term in psychology. Schemas describe cognitive structures that filter, encode and interpret the stimuli affecting the person. They can influence the perception of reality, which later impacts the behavior and mood of the individual and in severe cases can result in pathology. The factors influencing the God image and early maladaptive schemas both have proven roots in early childhood and are impacted by the child-parent relationship. Our research focuses on examining the connection between maladaptive schemas and the God image and their relation to parental influence.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Personality; Personality Disorders; Self Concept
PubMed: 35026810
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people's personalities...
In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people's personalities can be effectively described using five broad dimensions (the Five-Factor Model; FFM); however, the FFM potentially leaves room for improved predictive accuracy. We propose a novel approach to modeling human personality that is based on the maximization of the model's predictive accuracy. Unlike the FFM, which performs unsupervised dimensionality reduction, we utilized a supervised machine learning technique for dimensionality reduction of questionnaire data, using numerous psychologically meaningful outcomes as data labels (e.g., intelligence, well-being, sociability). The results showed that our five-dimensional personality summary, which we term the "Predictive Five" (PF), provides predictive performance that is better than the FFM on two independent validation datasets, and on a new set of outcome variables selected by an independent group of psychologists. The approach described herein has the promise of eventually providing an interpretable, low-dimensional personality representation, which is also highly predictive of behavior.
Topics: Humans; Intelligence; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35879357
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16108-3 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2021The aim: To present an overview of the problem of creative skills development at the level of higher education, analyse the notions "creativity" and "creative skills",... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To present an overview of the problem of creative skills development at the level of higher education, analyse the notions "creativity" and "creative skills", investigate the main conditions of the creative skills development in medical students of higher educational establishments in Ukraine and abroad.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: Experimental verification of the conditions of the medical students creativity development was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2019 academic years within two groups of students: Ukrainian students and foreign students. In the process of the study, the peculiarities of the students' creativity development were established through surveys and questionnaires.
RESULTS
Results: On the basis of an overview of the problem of creative skills development within the context of modern education, the notions "creativity", "creativeness" have been analysed. The main strategies and methods aimed at the creative skills development in medical students have been investigated. A brief overview of historical development of the problem of creativity in pedagogy of higher education has been suggested. The given paper analyses the main directions of reforming the system of higher education, in the context of which the development of students' creativity takes place, as well as the methods and techniques aimed at developing the creative skills of the students.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: The problem of the development of person's creative abilities involves a number of logical steps: the definition of the essence of this concept, its significance in the process of human development, society's need in people with creative abilities, retrospective assessment of the problem, importance of educational systems, and the establishment of consistent patterns of the process.
Topics: Creativity; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Students, Medical; Ukraine
PubMed: 35058391
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Jan 2018Introduction This study aims to answer the question of whether surgeons have different personalities to non-surgeons. Methods Members of the Royal College of Surgeons of...
Introduction This study aims to answer the question of whether surgeons have different personalities to non-surgeons. Methods Members of the Royal College of Surgeons of England were sent an email survey containing 50 standard questions from the Five Factor personality assessment, which scores each respondent in five key personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion). Results were analysed and compared with a population-level data set from a survey conducted by the BBC. Results Five hundred and ninety-nine surgeons completed the survey. Analysis showed that surgeons scored significantly higher for conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness and neuroticism than non-surgeons (P < 0.05). Further analysis showed that female surgeons scored higher in openness and extroversion relative to the population average and that surgeons become more prone to neuroticism than non-surgeons as they age. Conclusions The results support the notion of a surgical personality, as well as indicating that female surgeons have significantly different personality profiles from male surgeons, and that age affects surgeons' personalities in different ways to non-surgeons.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Personality; Personality Assessment; Surgeons; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 29260896
DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0200 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Oct 2020Personality traits are associated with risk of diabetes, but most research to date has relied on participants reported diagnosis rather than objective markers of...
Personality traits are associated with risk of diabetes, but most research to date has relied on participants reported diagnosis rather than objective markers of glycaemia. The present study examined the association between the five major domains of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Participants (N > 26,000) were individuals aged from 16 to 104 years from six large community samples from the US, Europe, and Japan who had data on personality, demographic factors, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and HbA1c. Of the five factors, only higher conscientiousness was related consistently to lower HbA1c level across most samples and in the meta-analysis. Conscientiousness was also related to lower risk of HbA1c ≥6.5 % (OR = .85, 95 %CI = 0.80-0.90). BMI and physical activity partially mediated the link between conscientiousness and HbA1c. There were not consistent associations for the other four traits across the six samples and no consistent associations between personality and likelihood of undiagnosed diabetes. The present study found replicable associations between conscientiousness and HbA1c in adulthood. Assessment of conscientiousness may improve the identification of individuals at risk of diabetes and guide personalized interventions for regulation of HbA1c level.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Databases, Factual; Europe; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Inventory; United States
PubMed: 32659693
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104782 -
British Medical Journal Jun 1972Analysis of 13 cases of baby stealing by women distinguished four groups of cases. (1) Girls of subnormal intelligence, who stole a baby to play with. (2) Schizophrenic...
Analysis of 13 cases of baby stealing by women distinguished four groups of cases. (1) Girls of subnormal intelligence, who stole a baby to play with. (2) Schizophrenic patients, whose offence was motivated by delusional ideas. (3) Psychopathic personalities, characterized by a previous history of delinquency, hysterical personality traits, and a preoccupation with their desire to have children. Their baby stealing seemed motivated by an attempt to compensate for their emotional deprivation, and they usually stole children whom they had previously helped to care for. (4) A "manipulative" group with a milder degree of personality disorder, in whom the motive for baby stealing was an attempt to influence a man by whom they had become pregnant and with whom their relationship was insecure. The offence was precipitated by a crisis such as a miscarriage or the threat of desertion. These women presented the stolen baby to their partner pretending that the child was his.Baby stealing seems usually to be an attempt to compensate for emotional deprivation or frustrated maternal feelings, and a real or imaginary miscarriage may be a predisposing or precipitating factor. The offence rarely seems premediated, though there was evidence of previous planning in some cases, particularly in the manipulative group. The stolen babies were well cared for and were usually quickly recovered.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anxiety; Child; Child Care; Crime; Criminal Psychology; Delusions; Family Characteristics; Fantasy; Female; Frustration; Histrionic Personality Disorder; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Infant; Infant Care; Intelligence; Male; Motivation; Personality Disorders; Pregnancy; Psychopathology; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 5031692
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5814.635 -
Aggressive Behavior Apr 2017The Tangram Help/Hurt Task is a laboratory-based measure designed to simultaneously assess helpful and hurtful behavior. Across five studies we provide evidence that...
The Tangram Help/Hurt Task is a laboratory-based measure designed to simultaneously assess helpful and hurtful behavior. Across five studies we provide evidence that further establishes the convergent and discriminant validity of the Tangram Help/Hurt Task. Cross-sectional and meta-analytic evidence finds consistently significant associations between helpful and hurtful scores on the Tangram Task and prosocial and aggressive personality traits. Experimental evidence reveals that situational primes known to induce aggressive and prosocial behavior significantly influence helpful and hurtful scores on the Tangram Help/Hurt Task. Additionally, motivation items in all studies indicate that tangram choices are indeed associated with intent of helping and hurting. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the Tangram Help/Hurt Task relative to established measures of helpful and hurtful behavior. Aggr. Behav. 43:133-146, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Helping Behavior; Humans; Male; Personality; Psychological Tests; Young Adult
PubMed: 27629104
DOI: 10.1002/ab.21669 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Feb 2022The current study examined within-person associations of self-reports of impaired current memory functioning and perceived decline with depressive symptoms in older...
OBJECTIVES
The current study examined within-person associations of self-reports of impaired current memory functioning and perceived decline with depressive symptoms in older adults without cognitive impairment, and whether these associations were moderated by individuals' levels of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion.
METHODS
Samples were drawn from the Einstein Aging Study, Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), Minority Aging Research Study (MARS), Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), with over 8,000 participants (65+ years) included across data sets. In a series of coordinated analyses, multilevel linear models tested within-person relationships over periods of up to 22 years.
RESULTS
Across HRS and NHATS samples, self-reports of impaired current memory functioning covaried with depressive symptoms over time. This association was moderated by neuroticism, such that the association was stronger for individuals with higher levels of neuroticism. Across all samples, perceived memory decline covaried with depressive symptoms over time. This association was moderated by neuroticism in MAP/MARS, HRS, and NHATS, such that the association was stronger for individuals with higher levels of neuroticism.
DISCUSSION
Self-reports of impaired current memory functioning and perceived memory decline are important determinants of older adults' psychological well-being. In our results, at times when older adults perceive poorer memory functioning or decline, they also tend to report more depressive symptoms. Further, results from two larger data sets suggest that individuals' level of neuroticism may determine the extent to which self-reports of memory impairment and depressive symptoms covary over time.
Topics: Aged; Biological Variation, Individual; Cognition; Conscience; Correlation of Data; Depression; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Neuroticism; Personality Assessment; Self Concept
PubMed: 33959767
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab080