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Neuropsychopharmacology : Official... Jan 2012
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Diseases; Humans; Neuropharmacology; Psychopharmacology
PubMed: 22157854
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.233 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Jan 2023The purpose of this article is the historical survey of the foundation and development of pharmacology in Tartu (Dorpat), Estonia. Pharmacology was founded in Tartu by... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is the historical survey of the foundation and development of pharmacology in Tartu (Dorpat), Estonia. Pharmacology was founded in Tartu by Naunyn, Buchheim, and Schmiedeberg. Genealogy and biographies including selected references of pharmacologists and pupils, who acted from the very beginning to today as directors of the Department of Pharmacology, as well as its successor, the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, are presented and commented. This history also illustrates the conditions that are important for the development of new scientific areas. It is not a central geographical location or a formal "center of excellence" with lots of financial resources but rather brilliant researchers with the right spirit and vision and academic freedom. The implications of the early history of pharmacology for the future of science are discussed.
Topics: History, 20th Century; Estonia; Pharmacology
PubMed: 36413339
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02328-x -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology Oct 2016
Topics: Biomedical Research; Education, Medical; Humans; India; Pharmacology
PubMed: 28031597
DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.193330 -
Biochemical Pharmacology May 2021
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Laboratory Personnel; Pharmacology
PubMed: 33476573
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114421 -
Journal of Pharmacokinetics and... Feb 2022Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) is a quantitative and mechanistic platform describing the phenotypic interaction between drugs, biological networks, and disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) is a quantitative and mechanistic platform describing the phenotypic interaction between drugs, biological networks, and disease conditions to predict optimal therapeutic response. In this meta-analysis study, we review the utility of the QSP platform in drug development and therapeutic strategies based on recent publications (2019-2021). We gathered recent original QSP models and described the diversity of their applications based on therapeutic areas, methodologies, software platforms, and functionalities. The collection and investigation of these publications can assist in providing a repository of recent QSP studies to facilitate the discovery and further reusability of QSP models. Our review shows that the largest number of QSP efforts in recent years is in Immuno-Oncology. We also addressed the benefits of integrative approaches in this field by presenting the applications of Machine Learning methods for drug discovery and QSP models. Based on this meta-analysis, we discuss the advantages and limitations of QSP models and propose fields where the QSP approach constitutes a valuable interface for more investigations to tackle complex diseases and improve drug development.
Topics: Drug Development; Machine Learning; Models, Biological; Network Pharmacology; Pharmacology; Systems Biology
PubMed: 34671863
DOI: 10.1007/s10928-021-09790-9 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Jul 2015Traditional pharmacology is defined as the science that deals with drugs and their actions. While small molecule drugs have clear advantages, there are many cases where... (Review)
Review
Traditional pharmacology is defined as the science that deals with drugs and their actions. While small molecule drugs have clear advantages, there are many cases where they have proved to be ineffective, prone to unacceptable side effects, or where due to a particular disease aetiology they cannot possibly be effective. A dominant feature of the small molecule drugs is their single mindedness: they provide either continuous inhibition or continuous activation of the target. Because of that, these drugs tend to engage compensatory mechanisms leading to drug tolerance, drug resistance or, in some cases, sensitization and consequent loss of therapeutic efficacy over time and/or unwanted side effects. Here we discuss new and emerging therapeutic tools and approaches that have potential for treating the majority of disorders for which small molecules are either failing or cannot be developed. These new tools include biologics, such as recombinant hormones and antibodies, as well as approaches involving gene transfer (gene therapy and genome editing) and the introduction of specially designed self-replicating cells. It is clear that no single method is going to be a 'silver bullet', but collectively, these novel approaches hold promise for curing practically every disorder.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Pharmacology; Protein Engineering; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 25572005
DOI: 10.1111/bph.13066 -
CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems... Oct 2018Reliance on modeling and simulation in drug discovery and development has dramatically increased over the past decade. Two disciplines at the forefront of this activity,... (Review)
Review
Reliance on modeling and simulation in drug discovery and development has dramatically increased over the past decade. Two disciplines at the forefront of this activity, pharmacometrics and systems pharmacology (SP), emerged independently from different fields; consequently, a perception exists that only few examples integrate these approaches. Herein, we review the state of pharmacometrics and SP integration and describe benefits of combining these approaches in a model-informed drug discovery and development framework.
Topics: Pharmacology; Systems Integration
PubMed: 29761892
DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12313 -
Pharmacological Research Jan 20193D organ models have gained increasing attention as novel preclinical test systems and alternatives to animal testing. Over the years, many excellent in vitro tissue... (Review)
Review
3D organ models have gained increasing attention as novel preclinical test systems and alternatives to animal testing. Over the years, many excellent in vitro tissue models have been developed. In parallel, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip tissue cultures have gained increasing interest for their ability to house several organ models on a single device and interlink these within a human-like environment. In contrast to these advancements, the development of human disease models is still in its infancy. Although major advances have recently been made, efforts still need to be intensified. Human disease models have proven valuable for their ability to closely mimic disease patterns in vitro, permitting the study of pathophysiological features and new treatment options. Although animal studies remain the gold standard for preclinical testing, they have major drawbacks such as high cost and ongoing controversy over their predictive value for several human conditions. Moreover, there is growing political and social pressure to develop alternatives to animal models, clearly promoting the search for valid, cost-efficient and easy-to-handle systems lacking interspecies-related differences. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art regarding 3D organ as well as the opportunities, limitations and future implications of their use.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Epithelium; Humans; Liver; Models, Biological; Pharmacology; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30395949
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.002 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Aug 2021
Topics: Humans; Pharmacology; Pharmacology, Clinical
PubMed: 33835508
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14789 -
CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems... Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Network Pharmacology; Medical Oncology; Pharmacology, Clinical; Pharmacology
PubMed: 37849052
DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13066