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Scientific Reports Jun 2021The Mediterranean diet, considered one of the healthiest in the world, is characterized in part by the major source of its fat, which is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO)....
The Mediterranean diet, considered one of the healthiest in the world, is characterized in part by the major source of its fat, which is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Among the health benefits of consuming EVOOs is the presence of phenolic compounds, which have been shown to lower the incidence of coronary heart disease and are suspected of providing many other health benefits. These phenolic compounds also contribute to the flavor of EVOO, adding both specific pungency in the throat and bitter notes that are valued by connoisseurs but reported to be unpleasant by naïve consumers. Here, we demonstrate that some food-derived proteins, specifically from egg yolks and whey, when added to pungent and bitter EVOOs, reduce or even eliminate both the throat pungency and bitterness. The sensory loss is proportional to the food protein additions. Thus, when used in various foods recipes (e.g. mayonnaise), pungent and bitter EVOOs may lose their pungent and bitter characteristics thereby rendering them more palatable to many consumers. This sensory reduction might also indicate interaction between the proteins and the phenolic compounds, which, if confirmed, would raise the question of whether the bioactivities of EVOO phenolics remain unchanged when consumed with and without protein-containing foods.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Proteins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Chemical; Neurosciences; Olea; Olive Oil; Phenol; Proteins; Taste; Young Adult
PubMed: 34088913
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91046-0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023In this study, we compared the fruit quality and color of 'Kiyomi' (WT) and its mutant (MT) grafted on Ziyang xiangcheng (Cj) (WT/Cj, MT/Cj), and the MT grafted on...
In this study, we compared the fruit quality and color of 'Kiyomi' (WT) and its mutant (MT) grafted on Ziyang xiangcheng (Cj) (WT/Cj, MT/Cj), and the MT grafted on Trifoliate orange (Pt) (MT/Pt). The differences in sugar, organic acid, flavonoids, phenols, and volatile substances of the three materials were also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed significant differences in the appearance of WT/Cj, MT/Cj, and MT/Pt. MT/Pt, compared to WT/Cj, MT/Cj, had lower sugar, acid, phenol and flavonoid contents in the pulp. However, MT/Pt pulp was higher in vitamin C (V), and the peel had significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid contents. In terms of pulp, WT/Cj had the greatest diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 4-methyl-1-pentanol was significantly higher in MT/Cj pulp, while MT/Pt pulp had a unique octanoic acid, methyl ester. VOCs were more diverse in the peels of the three materials. β-Myrcene and valencen were significantly higher in MT/Cj peels. In contrast, 16 unique VOCs were detected in MT/Pt, and D-limonene content was significantly higher than in WT/Cj and MT/Cj. The results suggest Trifoliate orange is a suitable rootstock for MT.
Topics: Fruit; Volatile Organic Compounds; Citrus; Phenol; Flavonoids; Phenols; Sugars; Solid Phase Microextraction
PubMed: 38069133
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316810 -
Spinal Cord Series and Cases Dec 2022Descriptive study.
STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive study.
OBJECTIVES
The study's main objective was to describe the common targets of phenol neurolysis and review the safety and efficacy of the dose used for this spasticity management procedure in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).
SETTING
An acute rehabilitation hospital.
METHODS
Data from people with SCI who underwent phenol neurolysis procedures for spasticity management between April 2017 and August 2018 were included in this study. We collected demographics and phenol neurolysis procedure-related information.
RESULTS
A total of 66 people with SCI and spasticity underwent phenol neurolysis of 303 nerves over 102 encounters. During these encounters, 97% of procedures were performed using both electrical stimulation and ultrasound guidance. The median (IQR) total volume of 6% aqueous phenol used per encounter was 4.0 (2.0-6.0) ml with a median (IQR) of 1.5 (1.0-2.3) ml per nerve. The most frequent target was the obturator nerve (33%), followed by the pectoral nerves (23%). Immediate post-phenol neurolysis improvement or reduction in spasticity was reported for 92% of all documented encounters. There was no documentation of any post-procedure-related adverse events in this cohort during this specified time frame.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that phenol neurolysis can be safely used to manage spasticity in people with SCI under combined electrical stimulation and ultrasound guidance. Further research is required to assess the procedure's safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness on patient-reported outcomes compared to other spasticity interventions.
Topics: Humans; Phenol; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 36481543
DOI: 10.1038/s41394-022-00556-0 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Peanut sprout is a high-quality healthy food, which not only has beneficial effects, but also a higher phenol content than peanut seed. In this study, peanut sprout was...
Peanut sprout is a high-quality healthy food, which not only has beneficial effects, but also a higher phenol content than peanut seed. In this study, peanut sprout was treated with five cooking methods, namely boiling, steaming, microwave heating, roasting, and deep-frying, and the phenol content, monomeric phenol composition, and antioxidant activity were determined. The results showed that, compared with unripened peanut sprout, the total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) decreased significantly after the five ripening processes, and the highest retention of phenols and flavonoids was associated with microwave heating (82.05% for TPC; 85.35% for TFC). Compared with unripened peanut sprout, the monomeric phenol composition in germinated peanut was variable after heat processing. After microwave heating, except for a significant increase in the cinnamic acid content, no changes in the contents of resveratrol, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and epicatechin were observed. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation of TPC and TFC with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging capacity, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power in germinated peanut, but not with hydroxyl free radical scavenging capacity, in which the main monomer phenolic compounds were resveratrol, catechin, and quercetin. The research results indicate that microwave heating can effectively retain the phenolic substances and antioxidant activity in germinated peanuts, making it a more suitable ripening and processing method for germinated peanuts.
Topics: Antioxidants; Arachis; Phenol; Resveratrol; Phenols; Flavonoids; Catechin; Cooking
PubMed: 37375239
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124684 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2009The effects on the environment of pollution, particularly that caused by various industrial activities, have been responsible for the accelerated fluxes of organic and... (Review)
Review
The effects on the environment of pollution, particularly that caused by various industrial activities, have been responsible for the accelerated fluxes of organic and inorganic matter in the ecosphere. Xenobiotics such as phenol, phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals, even at low concentrations, can be toxic to humans and other forms of life. Many of the remediation technologies currently being used for contaminated soil and water involve not only physical and chemical treatment, but also biological processes, where microbial activity is the responsible for pollutant removal and/or recovery. Fungi are present in aquatic sediments, terrestrial habitats and water surfaces and play a significant part in natural remediation of metal and aromatic compounds. Fungi also have advantages over bacteria since fungal hyphae can penetrate contaminated soil, reaching not only heavy metals but also xenobiotic compounds. Despite of the abundance of such fungi in wastes, penicillia in particular have received little attention in bioremediation and biodegradation studies. Additionally, several studies conducted with different strains of imperfecti fungi, Penicillium spp. have demonstrated their ability to degrade different xenobiotic compounds with low co-substrate requirements, and could be potentially interesting for the development of economically feasible processes for pollutant transformation.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Metals, Heavy; Penicillium; Phenol; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 19440525
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6041393 -
Nature Communications Apr 2022Diaryl ethers undergo electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis (ECH) over skeletal Ni cathodes in a mild, aqueous process that achieves direct C-O cleavage without initial...
Diaryl ethers undergo electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis (ECH) over skeletal Ni cathodes in a mild, aqueous process that achieves direct C-O cleavage without initial benzene ring saturation. Mechanistic studies find that aryl phenyl ethers with a single para or meta functional group (methyl, methoxy, or hydroxy) are selectively cleaved to the substituted benzene and phenol, in contrast to recently reported homogeneous catalytic cleavage processes. Ortho positioning of substituents reverses this C-O bond selectivity, except for the 2-phenoxyphenol case. Together with isotope labeling and co-solvent studies, these results point to two distinct cleavage mechanisms: (a) dual-ring coordination and C-H activation, leading to vicinal elimination to form phenol and a surface-bound aryne intermediate which is then hydrogenated and released as the arene; and (b) surface binding in keto form by the phenolic ring of the hydroxy-substituted substrates, followed by direct displacement of the departing phenol. Notably, acetone inhibits the well-known reduction of phenol to cyclohexanol, affording control of product ring saturation. A byproduct of this work is the discovery that the ECH treatment completely defluorinates substrates bearing aromatic C-F and C-CF groupings.
Topics: Benzene; Benzene Derivatives; Catalysis; Electrodes; Ethers; Nickel; Oxygen; Phenol
PubMed: 35440551
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29555-3 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2012It is known that propargylic compounds having an ester and a halide at the propargylic positions react with palladium complexes leading to π-propargylpalladium and... (Review)
Review
It is known that propargylic compounds having an ester and a halide at the propargylic positions react with palladium complexes leading to π-propargylpalladium and allenylpalladium complexes, which cause various transformations in the presence of the reactants. The aim of the present study was to develop novel palladium-catalyzed transformations using propargylic compounds. As diastereoselective reactions of propargylic compounds with bis-nucleophiles, we have developed palladium-catalyzed reactions of propargylic carbonates with 2-substituted cyclohexane-1,3-diones, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetates and 2-oxocyclohex-3-enecarboxylates. These processes produce highly substituted cyclic compounds in a highly stereoselective manner. Through our studies on the construction of substituted 2,3-allenols by the reactions of propargylic oxiranes, it has been made clear that palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions occur in the presence of arylboronic acids and terminal alkynes. The processes can be carried out in mild conditions to yield substituted 4-aryl-2,3-allenols in a diastereoselective manner. In our attempt to develop CO2-recycling reactions, we developed a methodology for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by palladium-catalyzed reactions of propargylic carbonates with phenols. Our findings suggested that the process proceeds through a pathway involving decarboxylation-followed fixation of the liberated CO2. Diastereoselective, enantioselective, and enantiospecific construction of cyclic carbonates have been achieved by the application of this methodology.
Topics: Alkynes; Carbon Dioxide; Carbonates; Catalysis; Decarboxylation; Ethylene Oxide; Palladium; Phenol; Propanols; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 22382407
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.285 -
Organic Letters Apr 2020A mild and efficient method for the vanadium-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of tethered free phenols is described. The corresponding phenol-dienone products are...
A mild and efficient method for the vanadium-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of tethered free phenols is described. The corresponding phenol-dienone products are prepared directly in good yields with low catalyst loadings. Electronically diverse tethered phenol precursors are well tolerated, and the catalytic method was effectively applied as the key step in syntheses of three natural products and a synthetically useful morphinan alkaloid precursor.
Topics: Alkenes; Biological Products; Catalysis; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenol; Vanadium
PubMed: 32227903
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00577 -
Journal of Oleo Science Jul 2020The volatile components produced by Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lejeuneaceae), which is a liverwort grown on the leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis), were collected and...
The volatile components produced by Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lejeuneaceae), which is a liverwort grown on the leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis), were collected and analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). 1-Ethyl-4-methoxybenzene (1), 1-ethyl-4-hydroxybenzene (2), and 1-acetoxy-4-ethylbenzene (3) were identified as the major components together with several other phenolic compounds, including 1,2-dimethoxy-4-ethylbenzene, and 4-ethylguaiacol in addition to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, such as α-selinene, β-selinene, β-elemene, and β-caryophyllene. GC/Olfactometry showed the presence of linalool, acetic acid, isovaleric acid, trans-methyl cinnamate, and trans-4,5-epoxy-(2E)-decenal, as the volatile components produced by L. elliptica.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Anisoles; Benzene Derivatives; Camellia sinensis; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hepatophyta; Japan; Olfactometry; Phenol; Phenols; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Solid Phase Microextraction; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 32522942
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19262 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Guidelines identifying appropriate DNA extraction methods for both museum and modern biological samples are scarce or non-existent for mammalian species. Yet, obtaining...
Guidelines identifying appropriate DNA extraction methods for both museum and modern biological samples are scarce or non-existent for mammalian species. Yet, obtaining large-scale genetic material collections are vital for conservation and management purposes. In this study, we evaluated five protocols making use of either spin-column, organic solvents, or magnetic bead-based methods for DNA extraction on skin samples from both modern, traffic-killed (n = 10) and museum (n = 10) samples of European hedgehogs, Ericaneus europaeus. We showed that phenol-chloroform or silica column (NucleoSpin Tissue) protocols yielded the highest amount of DNA with satisfactory purity compared with magnetic bead-based protocols, especially for museum samples. Furthermore, extractions using the silica column protocol appeared to produce longer DNA fragments on average than the other methods tested. Our investigation demonstrates that both commercial extraction kits and phenol-chloroform protocol retrieve acceptable DNA concentrations for downstream processes, from degraded remnants of traffic-killed and museum samples of mammalian specimens. Although all the tested methods could be applied depending on the research questions and laboratory conditions, commercial extraction kits may be preferred due to their effectiveness, safety and the higher quality of the DNA extractions.
Topics: Animals; Chloroform; DNA; Phenol; Phenols; Mammals; Silicon Dioxide
PubMed: 37567875
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39465-z