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Antioxidant activity and phenol and flavonoid contents of eight medicinal plants from Western Nepal.Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Oct 2014The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoids contents of selected medicinal plants form the Western region of Nepal.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoids contents of selected medicinal plants form the Western region of Nepal.
METHODS
The antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants were determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity; total ferric ion reducing ability through spectroscopic analysis. The content of total phenols was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas Aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for flavonoid determination.
RESULTS
Extracts of Syzygium Operculatus (87%), Astilbe Rivularis (83%) and Mallotus Philippnensis (88%) showed significant free radical scavenging activity with effective concentration (EC50) close to that of ascorbic acid. Syzygium Operculatus (96%), Astilbe Rivularis (97%) and Mallotus Philippnensis(97%) had potent reducing power in concentration dependent fashion. Those plant extract with higher free radical scavenging and ferric reducing effect also showed the greater content of both phenols and flavonoids, suggesting the correlation between polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. Those plant extracts which showed better antioxidant activity assays, also demonstrated higher total phenol and flavonoid contents. These three plants showed the presence of higher amount of phenols and flavonoids.
CONCLUSION
This study may provide the scientific basis for the traditional use of those plants and may provide valuable idea for further research.
Topics: Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Nepal; Phenol; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 25417410
DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30067-4 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Nov 2022This study presents a workflow to construct a Dietary Exposome Library (DEL) comprised of phytochemicals and their metabolites derived from host and gut microbiome...
SCOPE
This study presents a workflow to construct a Dietary Exposome Library (DEL) comprised of phytochemicals and their metabolites derived from host and gut microbiome metabolism for use in peak identification/annotation of untargeted metabolomics datasets.
METHODS AND RESULTS
An evidence mapping initiative established target analytes related to the consumption of phytochemical-rich foods. Analytes were confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS(n)) analysis of human biospecimens from dietary intervention studies of (poly)phenol-rich diets. One hundred and sixty six verified compounds were subsequently analyzed on an untargeted metabolomics platform to acquire chromatographic and high-resolution mass spectral data for construction of a DEL. The DEL facilitated identification/annotation of 123 metabolites associate with exposure to (poly)phenol enriched diets, which included aromatic ketones, benzoic acids, ellagic acids, caffeoylquinic acids, catecholamines, coumarins, hippuric acid, hydroxytoluenes, phenylamines, stilbenes, urolithins, valerolactones, and xanthonoids, in untargeted metabolomics datasets acquire from human plasma and urine reference materials.
CONCLUSIONS
The DEL focusing on (poly)phenols and their metabolites of dietary exposure facilitated identification/annotation of ingested food components and their associated pathways in untargeted metabolomics datasets acquired from human biospecimens. The DEL continues to expand with the aim to provide evidence-based data for dietary metabolites in exposome research and inform the development of dietary intervention strategies.
Topics: Humans; Chromatography, Liquid; Phenols; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Phenol; Exposome; Metabolomics; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 35106906
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100922 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021In order to extract antioxidant phenolic compounds from spent grain (SG) two extraction methods were studied: the ultrasound-assisted method (US) and the Ultra-Turrax...
In order to extract antioxidant phenolic compounds from spent grain (SG) two extraction methods were studied: the ultrasound-assisted method (US) and the Ultra-Turrax method (high stirring rate) (UT). Liquid to solid ratios, solvent concentration, time, and temperature/stirring rate were optimized. Spent grain extracts were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC) (0.62 to 1.76 mg GAE/g SG DW for Ultra-Turrax pretreatment, and 0.57 to 2.11 mg GAE/g SG DW for ultrasound-assisted pretreatment), total flavonoid content (TFC) (0.6 to 1.67 mg QE/g SG DW for UT, and 0.5 to 1.63 mg QE/g SG DW for US), and antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (25.88% to 79.58% for UT, and 27.49% to 78.30% for UT). TPC was greater at a high stirring rate and high exposure time up to a certain extent for the Ultra-Turrax method, and at a high temperature for the ultrasound-assisted method. P-coumaric acid (20.4 ± 1.72 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 14.0 ± 1.14 mg/100 SG DW for US) accounted for the majority of the phenolic found compounds, followed by rosmarinic (6.5 ± 0.96 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 4.0 ± 0.76 mg/100 SG DW for US), chlorogenic (5.4 ± 1.1 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), and vanillic acids (3.1 ± 0.8 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 10.0 ± 1.03 mg/100 SG DW for US) were found in lower quantities. Protocatechuic (0.7 ± 0.05 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), 4-hydroxy benzoic (1.1 ± 0.06 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), and caffeic acids (0.7 ± 0.03 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US) were present in very small amounts. Ultrasound-assisted and Ultra-Turrax pretreatments were demonstrated to be efficient methods to recover these value-added compounds.
Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Caffeic Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Flavonoids; Food Technology; Free Radicals; Hydroxybenzoates; Phenol; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Regression Analysis; Solvents; Spectrophotometry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Temperature; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 34072250
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113236 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022This paper reports the use of activated carbons made from novel agriculture and industrial wastes, namely sunflower, vine shoots, and coffee endocarp, to remove two...
This paper reports the use of activated carbons made from novel agriculture and industrial wastes, namely sunflower, vine shoots, and coffee endocarp, to remove two high-priority contaminants: phenol and mercury species (under different forms) from aqueous solutions. The activated carbons were used as prepared and also modified with nitric acid and triethylenediamine in order to explore additional adsorption mechanisms. The results showed an interesting potential of the materials to be used for water decontamination as indicated by the mercury uptake up to 1104 mg/g for Hg, 771 mg/g for [HgCl], 966 mg/g for HgCl and the maximum phenol adsorption capacity of 190 mg/g. The modification with triethylenediamine led to a significant increase in the phenol and mercury adsorption reaching an increment of 85% for phenol and 250% for Hg.
Topics: Phenol; Mercury; Biomass; Adsorption; Charcoal; Phenols; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics
PubMed: 36364170
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217345 -
BMC Biotechnology Nov 2022A mixture of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate ("P/GI", the principal components of TRIzol™ and similar products) is routinely used to isolate RNA, DNA, and proteins...
BACKGROUND
A mixture of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate ("P/GI", the principal components of TRIzol™ and similar products) is routinely used to isolate RNA, DNA, and proteins from a single specimen. In time-course experiments of cells grown in tissue culture, replicate wells are often harvested sequentially and compared, with the assumption that in-well lysis and complete aspiration of P/GI has no effect on continuing cultures in nearby wells.
METHODS
To test this assumption, we investigated morphology and function of RAW 264.7 cells (an immortalized mouse macrophage cell line) cultured in covered 96-well plates for 4, 8, or 24 h at varying distances from a single control well or a well into which P/GI had been deposited and immediately aspirated completely.
RESULTS
Time- and distance-dependent disruptions resulting from proximity to a single well containing trace residual P/GI were seen in cell morphology (blebbing, cytoplasmic disruption, and accumulation of intracellular vesicles), cell function (pH of culture medium), and expression of genes related to inflammation (Tnfα) and autophagy (Lc3b). There was no transcriptional change in the anti-apoptotic gene Mcl1, nor the pro-apoptotic gene Hrk, nor in P/GI-unexposed control cultures. LPS-stimulated cells incubated near P/GI had lower expression of the cytokine Il6. These effects were seen as early as 4 h of exposure and at a distance of up to 3 well units from the P/GI-exposed well.
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to trace residual quantities of P/GI in covered tissue culture plates leads to substantial disruption of cell morphology and function in as little as 4 h, possibly through induction of autophagy but not apoptosis. This phenomenon should be considered when planning time-course experiments in multi-well covered tissue culture plates.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Phenol; Isothiocyanates; Phenols; Macrophages
PubMed: 36434619
DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00766-2 -
BioMed Research International 2016Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds are popular nutritional food but with limited knowledge about their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of various varieties....
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds are popular nutritional food but with limited knowledge about their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of various varieties. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of six varieties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds were studied. Fenheizhi3 (black) cultivar exhibited the maximum contents of total phenolics and lignans and values of total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and antiproliferative activity (EC50) against HepG2 cells. Bound ORAC values showed strong associations with bound phenolics contents (r = 0.976, p < 0.01); in bound phenolic extracts, EC50 values showed strong negative associations with phenolic contents (r = -0.869, p < 0.05) and ORAC values (r = -0.918, p < 0.01). Moreover, the contents of free phenolics were higher than that of the bound phenolics, and the three black sesame seeds generally depicted higher total phenolics compared to the three white varieties. The antioxidant (ORAC values) and antiproliferation activities of six sesame seeds were both associated with contents of bound phenolics (r > 0.8, p < 0.05). Interestingly, nonlignan components in bound phenolics contributed to the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. This study suggested that Fenheizhi3 variety is superior to the other five varieties as antioxidant supplements.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Lignans; Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity; Phenol; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Sesamum
PubMed: 27597975
DOI: 10.1155/2016/8495630 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2021Isodehydrodigallic acid, which is an important component of several ellagitannin compounds, was easily synthesized using a classical Ullmann condensation reaction.
Isodehydrodigallic acid, which is an important component of several ellagitannin compounds, was easily synthesized using a classical Ullmann condensation reaction.
Topics: Copper; Ether; Gallic Acid; Hydrolysis; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Phenol
PubMed: 33642480
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00937 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Phenol amides are bioactive compounds naturally present in many plants. This class of compounds is known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities....
Phenol amides are bioactive compounds naturally present in many plants. This class of compounds is known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. To better understand the reactivity and structure-bioactivity relationships of phenol amides, a large set of structurally diverse pure compounds are needed, however purification from plants is inefficient and laborious. Existing syntheses require multiple steps, including protection of functional groups and are generally overly complicated and only suitable for specific combinations of hydroxycinnamic acid and amine. Thus, to facilitate further studies on these promising compounds, we aimed to develop a facile general synthetic route to obtain phenol amides with a wide structural diversity. The result is a protocol for straightforward one-pot synthesis of phenol amides at room temperature within 25 h using equimolar amounts of ,'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), amine, hydroxycinnamic acid, and sodium bicarbonate in aqueous acetone. Eight structurally diverse phenol amides were synthesized and fully chemically characterized. The facile synthetic route described in this work is suitable for a wide variety of biologically relevant phenol amides, consisting of different hydroxycinnamic acid subunits (coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid) and amine subunits (agmatine, anthranilic acid, putrescine, serotonin, tyramine, and tryptamine) with yields ranging between 14% and 24%.
Topics: Amides; Coumaric Acids; Phenol; Phenols; Tyramine
PubMed: 35408599
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072203 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021The objective of this study was to assess the soil pollution on an industrial wasteland, where coal-tar was processed in the period between 1880 and 1997, and subsequent...
The objective of this study was to assess the soil pollution on an industrial wasteland, where coal-tar was processed in the period between 1880 and 1997, and subsequent to assess the decline in the content of phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during enhanced natural attenuation. The soil of the investigated area was formed from a layer of uncompacted fill. Twelve sampling points were established in the investigated area for collecting soil samples. A study conducted in 2015 did not reveal any increase in the content of heavy metals, monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), and cyanides. However, the content of PAHs and phenols was higher than the content permitted by Polish norms in force until 2016. In the case of PAHs, it was observed for individual compounds and their total contents. Among the various methods, enhanced natural attenuation was chosen for the remediation of investigated area. Repeated analyses of the contents of phenols and PAHs were conducted in 2020. The results of the analyses showed that enhanced natural attenuation has led to efficient degradation of the simplest substances-phenol and naphthalene. The content of these compounds in 2020 was not elevated compared to the standards for industrial wastelands. The three- and four-ring hydrocarbons were degraded at a lower intensity. Based on the mean decrease in content after 5-year enhanced natural attenuation, the compounds can be arranged in the following order: phenols > naphthalene > phenanthrene > fluoranthene > benzo(a)anthracene > chrysene > anthracene.
Topics: Coal; Coal Tar; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Phenol; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Soil; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 33668855
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052265 -
Environment International Nov 2023Personal care products (PCPs) contain many different compounds and are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and phenols....
BACKGROUND
Personal care products (PCPs) contain many different compounds and are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and phenols. Early-life exposure to EDCs commonly found in PCPs has been linked to earlier onset of puberty.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the human and animal evidence on the association between puberty-related outcomes and exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents and, if there is sufficient evidence, identify groups of chemicals and outcomes to support a systematic review for a class-based hazard or risk assessment.
METHODS
We followed the OHAT systematic review framework to characterize the human and animal evidence on the association between puberty-related health outcomes and exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight human and 299 animal studies that evaluated a total of 96 different chemicals were identified and mapped by key concepts including chemical class, data stream, and puberty-related health outcome. Among these studies, phthalates and phenols were the most well-studied chemical classes. Most of the phthalate and phenol studies examined secondary sex characteristics and changes in estradiol and testosterone levels. Studies evaluating PCP use and other chemical classes (e.g., parabens) had less data.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic evidence map identified and mapped the published research evaluating the association between exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents and puberty-related health outcomes. The resulting interactive visualization allows researchers to make evidence-based decisions on the available research by enabling them to search, sort, and filter the literature base of puberty-related studies by key concepts. This map can be used by researchers and regulators to prioritize and target future research and funding to reduce uncertainties and address data gaps. It also provides information to inform a class-based hazard or risk assessment on the association between phthalate and phenol exposures and puberty-related health outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Phenol; Phenols; Phthalic Acids; Sexual Maturation
PubMed: 37948866
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108307