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Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2010The concept of phototherapy and photochemotherapy is not new, and sophisticated ultraviolet (UV) treatment modalities are available for almost three decades. However,... (Review)
Review
The concept of phototherapy and photochemotherapy is not new, and sophisticated ultraviolet (UV) treatment modalities are available for almost three decades. However, phototherapy has not been used in children as extensively as in adults, probably due to long-term safety concerns. Photochemotherapy (psoralen plus UVA) is not considered to be safe in the younger age group. UV therapies can be useful treatment options for children with selected dermatological conditions provided they are used under carefully controlled conditions. Presently there is insufficient data available to provide recommendations regarding the safe maximum dose and duration of phototherapy in children. Developments of new UV delivery systems and devices are aimed at improving the safety and efficacy of phototherapy. In this review, we discuss the published literature on phototherapy and photochemotherapy in children, drawbacks of their use in pediatric population and future prospects.
Topics: Child; Contraindications; Humans; India; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 20826991
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.69074 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2022Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is an effective treatment for arresting progression in patients with keratoconus. CXL was approved by United States Food and Drug... (Review)
Review
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is an effective treatment for arresting progression in patients with keratoconus. CXL was approved by United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of progressive keratoconus in 2016. It is a relatively safe procedure with a low complication rate. As this approach becomes more popular, it is paramount to be familiar with the potential complications associated with the procedure and its management. This article aims to report and review the complications of CXL for the treatment of keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia.
Topics: Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Humans; Keratoconus; Photochemotherapy; Ultraviolet Rays; United States
PubMed: 35502012
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1595_21 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2023Onychomycosis is difficult to treat due to long treatment durations, poor efficacy rates of treatments, high relapse rates, and safety issues when using systemic... (Review)
Review
Onychomycosis is difficult to treat due to long treatment durations, poor efficacy rates of treatments, high relapse rates, and safety issues when using systemic antifungal agents. Device-based treatments are targeted to specific regions of the nail, have favorable safely profiles, and do not interfere with systemic agents. They may be an effective alternative therapy for onychomycosis especially with increasing reports of squalene epoxidase gene mutations and potential resistance to terbinafine therapy. In this review, we discuss four devices used as antifungal treatments and three devices used as penetration enhancers for topical agents. Lasers, photodynamic therapy, microwaves, and non-thermal plasma have the capacity to inactivate fungal pathogens demonstrated through studies. Efficacy rates for these devices, however, remain relatively low pointing toward the need to further optimize device or usage parameters. Ultrasound, nail drilling, and iontophoresis aid in improving the permeability of topical agents through the nail and have been investigated as adjunctive therapies. Due to the paucity in clinical data, their efficacy in treating onychomycosis has not yet been established. While the results of clinical studies point toward the potential utility of devices for onychomycosis, further large-scale randomized clinical trials following regulatory guidelines are required to confirm current results.
Topics: Humans; Onychomycosis; Antifungal Agents; Terbinafine; Nails; Photochemotherapy; Administration, Topical
PubMed: 37807661
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2265658 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jan 2020In this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and... (Review)
Review
In this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and discuss the challenges and opportunities for the translation of such agents into clinical use. New designs for light-activated transition metal complexes offer photoactivatable prodrugs with novel targeted mechanisms of action. Light irradiation can provide spatial and temporal control of drug activation, increasing selectivity and reducing side-effects. The photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes can be controlled by the appropriate choice of the metal, its oxidation state, the number and types of ligands, and the coordination geometry.
Topics: Coordination Complexes; Humans; Metals; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 31310436
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905171 -
Cancer Research May 2016Despite descriptions of light-mediated therapy in ancient texts and the discovery of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the early 1900s, the landmark article in 1978 in...
Despite descriptions of light-mediated therapy in ancient texts and the discovery of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the early 1900s, the landmark article in 1978 in Cancer Research by Dougherty and his colleagues at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute remains rightly viewed as the starting point for clinical PDT in modern medicine. As a large clinical series that explored many of the factors now viewed as critical determinates of PDT dose, efficacy, and toxicity, that study showed remarkable foresight, yet it also served to raise as many questions as it answered. Since its publication, PDT has been increasingly utilized in clinical practice for the treatment of both benign and malignant conditions, and many of their questions have yielded new technologies and areas of investigation, thus remaining highly relevant nearly 40 years after their initial asking. Moreover, continuing advances in our ability to measure physical properties such as absorbed light dose, photosensitizer concentration, tissue oxygen concentration, and singlet oxygen production in real-time may allow for adaptive modification of light delivery during PDT on a fine scale to optimize treatment response. Finally, combining molecularly targeted drugs and novel photosensitizers has the potential to improve further the therapeutic index and extend the spectrum of clinical PDT far beyond what was imagined when that sentinel manuscript was written. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2497-9. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Dougherty et al., Cancer Res 1978;38:2628-35Visit the Cancer Research 75(th) Anniversary timeline.
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 27197260
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-0927 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2018Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted widespread attention in recent years as a non-invasive and highly selective approach for cancer treatment. PDT involves the... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted widespread attention in recent years as a non-invasive and highly selective approach for cancer treatment. PDT involves the activation of a photosensitizer by an appropriate wavelength of light, generating transient levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the utilization of PDT against deep tumors has been greatly limited by insufficient luminous flux and the occurrence of peripheral tissue damage. Therefore, experts have begun to explore whether the combination of PDT with other treatments can improve its efficacy. In this review, we have collected articles about experiments (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical research on photodynamic combination therapies in recent years, roughly divided into four parts corresponding to PDT combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and other therapies, to compare the therapeutic effects of the combination therapy and monotherapy. The results showed that photodynamic combination treatments, in general, perform better than single treatment modalities. Thus, the increased therapeutic effects, reduced side effects and coordination treatment effects of PDT are worth of further exploration.
Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 30003719
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Details of the structural elucidation of the clinically useful photodynamic therapy sensitizer NPe6 () are presented. NPe6, also designated as Laserphyrin, Talaporfin,... (Review)
Review
Details of the structural elucidation of the clinically useful photodynamic therapy sensitizer NPe6 () are presented. NPe6, also designated as Laserphyrin, Talaporfin, and LS-11, is a second-generation photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll-a, currently used in Japan for the treatment of human lung, esophageal, and brain cancers. After the initial misidentification of the structure of this chlorin-e aspartic acid conjugate as (), NMR and other synthetic procedures described herein arrived at the correct structure (), confirmed using single crystal X-ray crystallography. Interesting new features of chlorin-e chemistry (including the intramolecular formation of an anhydride ()) are reported, allowing chemists to regioselectively conjugate amino acids to each available carboxylic acid on positions 13 (formic), 15 (acetic), and 17 (propionic) of chlorin e (). Cellular investigations of several amino acid conjugates of chlorin-e revealed that the 13-aspartylchlorin-e derivative is more phototoxic than its 15- and 17-regioisomers, in part due to its nearly linear molecular conformation.
Topics: Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Porphyrins; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Chlorophyllides
PubMed: 37110713
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083479 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Cardiovascular diseases are the third most common cause of death in the world. The most common are heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a global problem... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases are the third most common cause of death in the world. The most common are heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a global problem monitored by many centers, including the World Health Organization (WHO). Atherosclerosis is one aspect that significantly influences the development and management of cardiovascular diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the therapeutic methods used for various types of inflammatory, cancerous and non-cancer diseases. Currently, it is not practiced very often in the field of cardiology. It is most often practiced and tested experimentally under in vitro experimental conditions. In clinical practice, the use of PDT is still rare. The aim of this review was to characterize the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the most frequently used photosensitizers in cardiology are summarized.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Photosensitizing Agents; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38474220
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052974 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Bimetallic nanomaterials (BMNs) composed of two different metal elements have certain mixing patterns and geometric structures, and they often have superior properties... (Review)
Review
Bimetallic nanomaterials (BMNs) composed of two different metal elements have certain mixing patterns and geometric structures, and they often have superior properties than monometallic nanomaterials. Bimetallic-based nanomaterials have been widely investigated and extensively used in many biomedical fields especially cancer therapy because of their unique morphology and structure, special physicochemical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and synergistic effect. However, most reviews focused on the application of BMNs in cancer diagnoses (sensing, and imaging) and rarely mentioned the application of the treatment of cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the recent progress of BNMs as therapeutic agents. We first introduce and discuss the synthesis methods, intrinsic properties (size, morphology, and structure), and optical and catalytic properties relevant to cancer therapy. Then, we highlight the application of BMNs in cancer therapy (e.g., drug/gene delivery, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, enzyme-mediated tumor therapy, and multifunctional synergistic therapy). Finally, we put forward insights for the forthcoming in order to make more comprehensive use of BMNs and improve the medical system of cancer treatment.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Neoplasms; Nanostructures; Diagnostic Imaging
PubMed: 36557846
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248712 -
Recent Patents on Anti-infective Drug... 2018Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious health threats to modern medicine. The lack of potent antibiotics puts us at a disadvantage in the fight against... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious health threats to modern medicine. The lack of potent antibiotics puts us at a disadvantage in the fight against infectious diseases, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant microbial strains. To this end, an urgent need to search for alternative antimicrobial approaches has arisen. In the last decade, light-based anti-infective therapy has made significant strides in this fight to combat antibiotic resistance among various microbial strains. This method includes utilizing antimicrobial blue light, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, and germicidal ultraviolet irradiation, among others. Light-based therapy is advantageous over traditional antibiotics in that it eradicates microbial cells rapidly and the likelihood of light-resistance development by microbes is low.
METHODS
This review highlights the patents on light-based therapy that were filed approximately within the last decade and are dedicated to eradicating pathogenic microorganisms. The primary database that was used for the search was Google Patents. The searches were performed using the keywords including blue light, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet irradiation, antibiotic resistance, disinfection, bacterium, fungus, and virus.
RESULTS
Forty-five patents were obtained in our search: 9 patents for the antimicrobial blue light approach, 21 for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, 11 for UV irradiation, and lastly 4 for other light-based anti-infective approaches. The treatments and devices discussed in this review are interestingly enough able to be used in various different functions and settings, such as dental applications, certain eye diseases, skin and hard surface cleansing, decontamination of internal organs (e.g., the stomach), decontamination of apparel and equipment, eradication of pathogenic microorganisms from buildings and rooms, etc. Most of the devices and inventions introduce methods of destroying pathogenic bacteria and fungi without harming human cells and tissues.
CONCLUSIONS
Light-based antimicrobial approaches hold great promise for the future in regards to treating antibiotic-resistant infections and related diseases.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Patents as Topic; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 29119936
DOI: 10.2174/1872213X11666171108104104