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Data in Brief Feb 2020This article provides to evaluate the quality of discharged water from Guna spring water treatment plant and to compare with WHO drinking water standards and Ethiopian...
This article provides to evaluate the quality of discharged water from Guna spring water treatment plant and to compare with WHO drinking water standards and Ethiopian bottled drinking water specification to reuse for potable water purpose. The discharged waste water quality analysis was conducted by Physical, Chemical, Biological and Bacteriological parameters of water in association with set of standards. Atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS), Flame photometer, UV-Visible spectrometer and Photo meter were used for characterization discharged water. All water quality parameter was determined in all unit process (softener, sand filter, activated carbon and ultra-filter). Bacteriological analysis (total coli form, fecal coli form and type1) were conducted. During discharge water quality analysis, the effect of flow rate (2 m/h, 4 m/h and 6 m/h) and discharge time (5,10 and 15 min) have been performed. We provided data set about Atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS), Flame photometer, Turbidity meter, Photometer and Bacteriological analysis parameter were verified.
PubMed: 31886358
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104926 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Sep 2022Early access to antenatal care and high-cost technologies for pregnancy dating challenge early neonatal risk assessment at birth in resource-constrained settings. To...
BACKGROUND
Early access to antenatal care and high-cost technologies for pregnancy dating challenge early neonatal risk assessment at birth in resource-constrained settings. To overcome the absence or inaccuracy of postnatal gestational age (GA), we developed a new medical device to assess GA based on the photobiological properties of newborns' skin and predictive models.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to validate a device that uses the photobiological model of skin maturity adjusted to the clinical data to detect GA and establish its accuracy in discriminating preterm newborns.
METHODS
A multicenter, single-blinded, and single-arm intention-to-diagnosis clinical trial evaluated the accuracy of a novel device for the detection of GA and preterm newborns. The first-trimester ultrasound, a second comparator ultrasound, and data regarding the last menstrual period (LMP) from antenatal reports were used as references for GA at birth. The new test for validation was performed using a portable multiband reflectance photometer device that assessed the skin maturity of newborns and used machine learning models to predict GA, adjusted for birth weight and antenatal corticosteroid therapy exposure.
RESULTS
The study group comprised 702 pregnant women who gave birth to 781 newborns, of which 366 (46.9%) were preterm newborns. As the primary outcome, the GA as predicted by the new test was in line with the reference GA that was calculated by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.969, 95% CI 0.964-0.973). The paired difference between predicted and reference GAs was -1.34 days, with Bland-Altman limits of -21.2 to 18.4 days. As a secondary outcome, the new test achieved 66.6% (95% CI 62.9%-70.1%) agreement with the reference GA within an error of 1 week. This agreement was similar to that of comparator-LMP-GAs (64.1%, 95% CI 60.7%-67.5%). The discrimination between preterm and term newborns via the device had a similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.970, 95% CI 0.959-0.981) compared with that for comparator-LMP-GAs (0.957, 95% CI 0.941-0.974). In newborns with absent or unreliable LMPs (n=451), the intent-to-discriminate analysis showed correct preterm versus term classifications with the new test, which achieved an accuracy of 89.6% (95% CI 86.4%-92.2%), while the accuracy for comparator-LMP-GA was 69.6% (95% CI 65.3%-73.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
The assessment of newborn's skin maturity (adjusted by learning models) promises accurate pregnancy dating at birth, even without the antenatal ultrasound reference. Thus, the novel device could add value to the set of clinical parameters that direct the delivery of neonatal care in birth scenarios where GA is unknown or unreliable.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID)
RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027442.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Machine Learning; Parturition; Pregnancy
PubMed: 36069805
DOI: 10.2196/38727 -
Inhalation Toxicology 2019To (1) design and build a low-cost exposure chamber system for whole-body exposure of rodents to electronic cigarette aerosol, (2) provide detailed instructions with...
To (1) design and build a low-cost exposure chamber system for whole-body exposure of rodents to electronic cigarette aerosol, (2) provide detailed instructions with particular focus on automated e-cigarette activation, and (3) develop a simple mathematical model for aerosol levels in the exposure chamber. We built the system with standard laboratory equipment and an open-source electronics platform (Arduino) for e-cigarette activation. Arduino is used to control a solenoid, which pushes the activation button of so-called "Mod" e-cigarettes, and a pump to move the aerosol from the mouthpiece of the e-cigarette into the chamber. For "Pods" and "Cigalikes," the solenoid is not used as they are activated by the vacuum created by the pump. Aerosol concentrations were measured with a light-scattering laser photometer. The system allows varying the air exchange rate, monitoring aerosol levels, and programing arbitrary puff topography. Aerosol concentrations observed for different chamber operating conditions (puff time and period, e-cigarette power output, air exchange rate) were consistent with the mathematical model. Our low-cost exposure chamber can be used in animal experimental studies of the health effects of e-cigarettes. Our model allows estimating design parameters such as chamber volume, air exchange rate, and puff period.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Animals; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Equipment Design; Nicotine; Rodentia
PubMed: 31797690
DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1698678 -
Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood... Jan 2019Anaemia has significant negative impact on the health of school children including poor scholastic performance and cognitive impairment. The present study was done with...
Anaemia has significant negative impact on the health of school children including poor scholastic performance and cognitive impairment. The present study was done with the objective to estimate the prevalence of anemia among school going children in Ernakulam district, Kerala and to determine a few factors associated with anemia. Hemoglobin of 880 students of 6th to 9th standard in 11 randomly selected schools of Ernakulam district was estimated using HemoCue 201 photometer. Prevalence of anaemia was expressed using frequencies and percentages. Univariate analysis for factors associated with anemia was done. Selected variables were entered into a logistic regression model. The prevalence of anemia was estimated to be 44% (95% CI 40.67-47.33). Among them 0.8% had severe anemia, 3.5% had moderate anemia and 39.7% had mild anemia. Among them 21.3% and 52.6% reported not in the habit of consuming green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits respectively, at least three times on a usual week. Anemia among children was associated with female gender (adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16-2.04), higher age group (adjusted OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.69-2.91) and regular intake of tea/coffee along with major meals (adjusted OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.20-2.04). Anemia among school going children in Ernakulam remains a public health problem and was more among females, higher age groups (12-15 years) and those reported regular intake of tea/coffee along with major meals. The consumption of iron rich foods among the students was poor. Behavior change communication for dietary modification and universal supplementation of iron is warranted.
PubMed: 30828157
DOI: 10.1007/s12288-018-1001-6 -
European Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2022To evaluate effect of maximal anterior cortical lens density, iris scatter and anterior chamber depth on laser flare photometry.
BACKGROUND
To evaluate effect of maximal anterior cortical lens density, iris scatter and anterior chamber depth on laser flare photometry.
METHODS
Patients diagnosed with clinical uveitis were enrolled in the study. Clinical flare gradings were recorded upon the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature. Aqueous flare was measured with an automated device (Kowa FM-700). Back-scattering from anterior cortical lens and anterior iris surface was calculated from Scheimpflug images. A curvilinear regression model was used to calculate estimated values for each clinical grade. These values were used to split cases in Group I (laser flare photometry lower than estimated) and Group II (laser flare photometry higher than estimated). Mean anterior chamber depth, pupil aperture, maximal anterior cortical lens density and iris scatter values were compared between two groups. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of clinical flare gradings and ocular parameters on aqueous flare measurements.
RESULTS
The study included 228 eyes of 114 cases. Scheimpflug images were obtained from 105 eyes. Estimated aqueous flare measurements (in photons/milliseconds) were 4.87, 8.50, 14.81, 25.83, 45.04 and 136.93 for 0, 0.5+, 1+, 1.5+, 2+ and 3+ clinical flare respectively. Group II had higher maximal anterior cortical lens density than Group I (96.6 ± 37.1 vs 77.9 ± 17.1 pixel unit, = 0.001). The measured aqueous flare was significantly related to clinical flare, maximal anterior cortical lens density and pupil aperture (adjusted : 0.480, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The back-scattered light from anterior cortical lens could affect laser flare photometry measurements. This effect might be quantified by Scheimpflug imaging.
Topics: Anterior Chamber; Aqueous Humor; Humans; Lasers; Photometry; Uveitis; Uveitis, Anterior
PubMed: 34382443
DOI: 10.1177/11206721211039350 -
Optics Express Feb 2023In order to increase the optical path and related sensitivity of photometers, multiple axial-reflection of parallel light-beam inside a capillary cavity is one of the...
In order to increase the optical path and related sensitivity of photometers, multiple axial-reflection of parallel light-beam inside a capillary cavity is one of the most effective ways. However, there is a non-optimum trade-off between optical path and light intensity, e.g., smaller aperture on cavity mirror can increase multiple axial-reflection times (i.e., longer optical path) due to the lower cavity-loss, but it would also reduce coupling efficiency, light intensity, and related signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, an optical beam shaper, which is composed of two optical lenses with an apertured mirror, was proposed to focus the light beam (i.e., increasing coupling efficiency) without deteriorating beam parallelism and related multiple axial-reflection. Thus, by combining the optical beam shaper with a capillary cavity, large optical path enhancement (10-fold of capillary length) and high coupling efficiency (>65%) can be realized simultaneously, where the coupling efficiency was improved 50-fold. An optical beam shaper photometer (with a 7 cm long capillary) was fabricated and applied to detect water in ethanol with a detection limit of 12.5 ppm, which is 800-fold and 32∼80 fold lower than that of the commercial spectrometer (1 cm cuvette) and previous reports, respectively.
PubMed: 36859917
DOI: 10.1364/OE.478937 -
Plant Physiology Jan 1926
PubMed: 16652468
DOI: 10.1104/pp.1.1.89 -
Journal of Digital Imaging Dec 2005This work describes our experience in reviewing the performance criteria for display systems and how we have implemented a practical approach to the assessment of the...
This work describes our experience in reviewing the performance criteria for display systems and how we have implemented a practical approach to the assessment of the workstation environment in a large tertiary care hospital. The acceptance criteria contained in the draft report of Topic Group 18 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) were used as a basis for assessment of primary and secondary displays. A telescopic photometer was used to measure the maximum luminance and the contrast ratio of the image for the displays used in our radiology department and in the operating and emergency rooms using the standard Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) pattern, in ambient light and with light decreased as much as possible. About half of the displays met the AAPM criteria for minimum luminance and contrast ratio in low light. None of the systems met the contrast ratio criteria in ambient light. The challenges in improving the performance and calibrating displays are discussed.
Topics: Computer Terminals; Data Display; Emergency Service, Hospital; Light; Operating Rooms; Quality Control; Radiology Department, Hospital; Radiology Information Systems
PubMed: 16094505
DOI: 10.1007/s10278-005-6974-7 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology May 1960A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of iron in serum or plasma is described. The procedure is carried out at room temperature with 2 ml. of serum...
A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of iron in serum or plasma is described. The procedure is carried out at room temperature with 2 ml. of serum or plasma, or with 1 ml. if high values are expected; it can be applied to turbid or jaundiced samples, whether previously frozen or not. An ethanolic solution of 4: 7-diphenyl-1: 10-phenanthroline is used to produce a coloured iron complex, the optical density of which can be measured in any suitable photometer, using either 10 or 20 mm. fused glass cuvettes or matched tubes of 1.1 cm. internal diameter.
Topics: Iron; Plasma; Serum
PubMed: 14410605
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.13.3.241 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2021The negative impact of anemia on work capacity has been studied extensively in male and female workers; however, the simultaneous contributions of confounding variables... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The negative impact of anemia on work capacity has been studied extensively in male and female workers; however, the simultaneous contributions of confounding variables such as physical activity, as well as other behavioral and sociodemographic characteristics have not been considered. The purpose of this study was to examine cross-sectionally the multivariable correlates of work capacity in non-pregnant women (n = 330) living in rural India.
METHODS
The Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) Project is a norms-based, clustered randomized controlled trial to reduce anemia among women (15-49 years) living in Odisha, India between 2018 and 2021. For the larger trial, 89 clusters of villages were randomized into treatment and control groups on a 1:1 basis. Women (2055/group) living in 15 selected clusters (40-41 villages) were then randomly selected for data collection. The sampling design also randomly-generated a subset (n = 375) of non-pregnant participants who performed a modified Queen's College Step Test (QCST) and who wore an activity monitor for 3 days. Predicted work capacity (VO) was determined using the QCST. Levels (h/day) of daily reclining, sitting, standing, walking (steps/day), and energy expenditure (MET∙h/day) were determined using an ActivPAL accelerometer. Hemoglobin concentrations (g/dL) were determined using a HemoCue photometer. Predetermined hierarchical (non-multilevel) regression models tested the independent associations between the primary study variables of interest (physical activity, hemoglobin concentrations) and predicted VO, while adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI: kg/m), education, parity, and dietary diversity score.
RESULTS
Approximately 61% of the participants had anemia (Hb < 12 g/dL). Age (β = - 0.01; 95% CI: - 0.01, 0.00), BMI (β = - 0.19; 95% CI:-0.28, - 0.09), educational attainment (β = - 1.35; 95% CI: - 2.34, - 0.36), and MET∙h/day (β = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.38) were significant and independent determinants of work capacity. Hemoglobin concentration was marginally associated with work capacity in the presence of the other covariables (β = 0.22; 95% CI:-0.02, 0.47).
CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate that factors other than anemia are important correlates of work capacity and should be considered when promoting the health and economic capacity of rural Indian women.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trial Registry- India (CTRI) http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=26285&EncHid=&userName=CTRI/2018/10/016186 on 29 October 2018.
Topics: Anemia; Body Mass Index; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; India; Male; Parity; Pregnancy; Rural Population
PubMed: 33858397
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10785-x