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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2022Opportunistic infections are widely described in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, very few studies have addressed those affecting the...
Opportunistic infections are widely described in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, very few studies have addressed those affecting the oral cavity. Given the lack of information on the clinical presentations and the available treatment options, the present study aimed to show a case in which a combination of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) was used for the management of two concomitant COVID-19-associated opportunistic oral infections (oral pseudomembranous candidiasis and recurrent herpes labialis). Within 7 days and without any systemic drug administration, all the lesions resolved completely, and the patient no longer reported oral pain or discomfort. According to the current case report and taking into consideration the significant gaps in the knowledge and understanding of COVID-19, this combination of phototherapy modalities seems to be a promising tool for managing viral and fungal opportunistic oral infections.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34890781
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102678 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry May 2023Tumor-targeting nanoparticles and phototherapies are the two major trends in tumor-specific, local cancer therapy with minimal side effects. Organic photosensitizers...
Tumor-targeting nanoparticles and phototherapies are the two major trends in tumor-specific, local cancer therapy with minimal side effects. Organic photosensitizers (PSs) usually offer effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) but require enhanced solubility and tumor-targeting, which may be provided by a nanoparticle. Near-infrared (NIR)-emitting AgS quantum dots may act as a delivery vehicle for the PS, NIR tracking agent, and as a phototherapy (PTT) agent. A combination of the two provides luminescent dual-phototherapy agents with tumor-specificity and image-guided and enhanced cytotoxicity as a result of synergistic PDT and PTT. In this study, brominated hemicyanine (Hemi-Br), a photosensitizer, was loaded onto folic acid (FA)-tagged, glutathione (GSH)-coated AgS quantum dots (AS-GSH QDs) to provide enhanced phototoxicity via a photodynamic and mild photothermal effect in folate receptor(+) cancer cell lines at clinically relevant 640 nm irradiation. Final particles (AS-GSH-FA/Hemi-Br) had a hydrodynamic size of 75.5 nm, dual emission at both 705 and 910 nm, and a 93% light-to-heat conversion efficiency under 640 nm laser irradiation. cytotoxicity studies were conducted with folate receptor (FR)-positive HeLa and -negative A549 cell lines to differentiate receptor-mediated uptake. Enhanced phototoxicity on HeLa cells was observed with AS-GSH-FA/Hemi-Br compared to free Hemi-Br and AS-GSH-FA QDs due to increased uptake of the photosensitizer via active targeting and combination therapy, which is especially visible at the safe dose of single agents. Upon irradiation with a 640 nm (300 mW, 0.78 W/cm) laser for 5 min, the viability of the HeLa cells decreased from 64% to 42 and 25% when treated with free Hemi-Br, AS-GSH-FA, and AS-GSH-FA/Hemi-Br, respectively. Overall, AS-GSH-FA/Hemi-Br provides image-guided enhanced PDT/PTT, which may be adopted for different FR(+) tumors.
Topics: Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Quantum Dots; HeLa Cells; Phototherapy; Nanoparticles; Folic Acid
PubMed: 37078275
DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00096 -
Journal of Biophotonics Apr 2023COVID-19 appeared in December 2019, needing efforts of science. Besides, a range of light therapies (photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet [UV], laser) has shown scientific... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 appeared in December 2019, needing efforts of science. Besides, a range of light therapies (photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet [UV], laser) has shown scientific alternatives to conventional decontamination therapies. Investigating the efficacy of light-based therapies for environment decontamination against SARS-CoV2, a PRISMA systematic review of Phototherapies against SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV species discussing changes in viral RT-PCR was done. After searching MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde we have found studies about cell cultures irradiation (18), blood components irradiation (10), N95 masks decontamination (03), inanimate surface decontamination (03), aerosols decontamination (03), hospital rooms irradiation (01) with PDT, LED, and UV therapy. The best quality results showed an effective low time and dose UV irradiation for environments and inanimate surfaces without human persons as long as the devices have safety elements dependent on the surfaces, viral charge, humidity, radiant exposure. To interpersonal contamination in humans, PDT or LED therapy seems very promising and are encouraged.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Decontamination; RNA, Viral; Phototherapy; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 36560919
DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200306 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2021Within phototherapy, a grand challenge in clinical cancer treatments is to develop a simple, cost-effective, and biocompatible approach to treat this disease using... (Review)
Review
Within phototherapy, a grand challenge in clinical cancer treatments is to develop a simple, cost-effective, and biocompatible approach to treat this disease using ultra-low doses of light. Carbon-based materials (CBM), such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (r-GO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and carbon dots (C-DOTs), are rapidly emerging as a new class of therapeutic materials against cancer. This review summarizes the progress made in recent years regarding the applications of CBM in photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies for tumor destruction. The current understanding of the performance of modified CBM, hybrids and composites, is also addressed. This approach seeks to achieve an enhanced antitumor action by improving and modulating the properties of CBM to treat various types of cancer. Metal oxides, organic molecules, biopolymers, therapeutic drugs, among others, have been combined with CBM to treat cancer by PDT, PTT, or synergistic therapies.
Topics: Animals; Carbon; Humans; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Photothermal Therapy
PubMed: 35008458
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010022 -
The American Journal of Managed Care Jun 2016The chronic and systemic nature of psoriasis has a significant impact on direct costs, indirect costs, and patient quality of life. Psoriasis is associated with comorbid... (Review)
Review
The chronic and systemic nature of psoriasis has a significant impact on direct costs, indirect costs, and patient quality of life. Psoriasis is associated with comorbid conditions that add to the burden of the disease, especially in moderate to severe disease. The total estimated annual healthcare burden of psoriasis may be as high as $35.2 billion, with $12.2 billion in direct costs and $23 billion in indirect costs (attributed to reduced health-related quality of life and lost productivity). These costs vary based on the severity of the disease; pharmacy costs account for the majority of the burden, especially in severe disease. Biologic therapies are largely responsible for the pharmacy costs. Approval of biosimilar products in the near future may ease some of this burden for payers and patients, although new agents have also been recently approved, with more in the pipeline. The healthcare costs of psoriasis management substantially increase with comorbid conditions, such as heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and lung disease. These comorbidities also include psychiatric conditions, such as social stigmatization, depression, and suicide. The overall costs associated with comorbidities are estimated to be an additional $22,713 per patient per year. Appropriate treatment selection and timing may curtail the progression of psoriasis, and, as a result, can decrease the economic burden. As treatment options vary based on comorbidities, long-term remission goals, and medication costs, conducting a comprehensive patient assessment is imperative. Drug utilization reviews steered by specialty pharmacists may help reduce costs and improve outcomes by providing treatment monitoring and patient education.
Topics: Arthritis, Psoriatic; Biological Factors; Cost of Illness; Female; Health Care Costs; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Managed Care Programs; Phototherapy; Psoriasis; United States
PubMed: 27356195
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatrics and Neonatology Feb 2020Phototherapy with radiation of 460-490 nm wavelengths provides the most potent therapeutic effect for neonatal jaundice. However, the efficacy of phototherapy has been... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Phototherapy with radiation of 460-490 nm wavelengths provides the most potent therapeutic effect for neonatal jaundice. However, the efficacy of phototherapy has been estimated using single-wavelength detectors with sensitivity at approximately 460 nm. Cyclobilirubin formation capacity (CFC), which comprises the sum of the irradiance values from three wavelengths multiplied by their specific coefficients, has been proposed as an alternative marker to evaluate the efficacy of phototherapy. This study aimed to test whether two types of phototherapy devices with distinct spectral characteristics provide similar therapeutic effects on adjustment of device-to-patient distances to deliver similar CFCs.
METHODS
Using a three-wavelength spectroradiometer, CFCs and footprints of the light-emitting diode and fluorescent tube devices were assessed. Having determined the device-specific distances that ensured similar CFCs, 32 newborn infants, requiring phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia, were randomized into the light-emitting diode and fluorescent tube groups. The total serum bilirubin levels before and after phototherapy were assessed.
RESULTS
The light-emitting diode and fluorescent tube devices had comparable CFCs at distances of 60 and 50 cm, respectively. Phototherapy reduced the total serum bilirubin levels from 18.1 to 14.6 mg/dL and from 19.1 to 15.1 mg/dL in the light-emitting diode and fluorescent tube groups, respectively. The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to the patients' clinical backgrounds, serum bilirubin levels, or changes before and after phototherapy.
CONCLUSION
At similar CFCs, the two phototherapy devices reduced the total serum bilirubin levels by comparable amounts. Hence, determining CFCs may help predict phototherapy efficacy. This may ensure better safety and greater efficacy of the treatment for newborn infants.
Topics: Bilirubin; Female; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal; Infant, Newborn; Male; Phototherapy
PubMed: 31473126
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.07.002 -
BMC Pediatrics Jun 2022Neonatal phototherapy (NNPT) has long been used as an effective and relatively safe method of treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Considering the subsequent evidence...
BACKGROUND
Neonatal phototherapy (NNPT) has long been used as an effective and relatively safe method of treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Considering the subsequent evidence of long-term impacts of NNPT such as malignancies, this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between NNPT and childhood cancers.
METHODS
This case-control study assessed 116 children up to 4 years old with every kind of cancer referred to the Oncology department of Afzalipour hospital, Kerman, Iran, from 2011 to 18. Moreover, 116 pediatric patients without cancer hospitalized at the same Center were included after sex and age matching as the control group. The history of phototherapy and its duration were evaluated in these two groups.
RESULTS
We found no association between the NNPT and malignancies in children. However, high intensive phototherapy was higher historically among affected cancerous patients than in non-cancerous cases without any statistically significant difference (25% vs 19%; P = 0.26). Maternal educational level and history of maternal infection during pregnancy, which initially appeared to be two factors associated with malignancy in single variable regression analyses, were not significant based on the adjusted models.
CONCLUSIONS
The results did not show a positive correlation between NNPT and childhood cancers, which may partly be due to the relatively small sample size of the study. However, some other evidence is worrisome enough that NNPT should not be considered risk-free. Additional multi-centric studies should be undertaken to specify that phototherapy is really safe.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal; Infant, Newborn; Neoplasms; Phototherapy; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35729528
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03412-0 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2017Foot ulcers are a disabling complication of diabetes that affect 15% to 25% of people with diabetes at some time in their lives. Phototherapy is a relatively new,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Foot ulcers are a disabling complication of diabetes that affect 15% to 25% of people with diabetes at some time in their lives. Phototherapy is a relatively new, non-invasive, and pain-free treatment method, which promotes the ulcer repair process through multiple mechanisms such as increased cell growth and vascular activity. Phototherapy may be used as an alternative approach for the treatment of foot ulcers in people with diabetes, but the evidence for its effect compared with placebo or other treatments has not yet been established.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of phototherapy for the treatment of foot ulcers in people with diabetes.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register (11 October 2016), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, 2016, Issue 10), Ovid MEDLINE (11 October 2016), Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations) (11 October 2016), Ovid Embase (11 October 2016), EBSCO CINAHL Plus (11 October 2016), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (24 June 2017). We also searched clinical trials registries for ongoing and unpublished studies on 24 June 2017, and screened reference lists to identify additional studies. We used no restrictions with respect to language, date of publication, or study setting.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials or cluster randomised controlled trials that 1) compared phototherapy with sham phototherapy, no phototherapy, or other physical therapy modalities, 2) compared different forms of phototherapy, or 3) compared phototherapy of different output power, wavelength, power density, or dose range, in adults with diabetes and an open foot ulcer of any severity, in any setting.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and 'Risk of bias' assessment. We combined the study outcomes when appropriate.
MAIN RESULTS
Eight trials with 316 participants met the inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies were single-centre studies that were carried out in clinics or hospitals with a sample size ranging from 14 to 84. We generally considered the included studies to be at unclear or high risk of bias, as they had one domain at high risk of bias, or three or more domains at unclear risk of bias.We did not identify any studies that reported valid data for time to complete wound healing. Meta-analysis of four studies including 116 participants indicated that participants receiving phototherapy may experience a greater proportion of wounds completely healed during follow-up compared with those receiving no phototherapy/placebo (64.5% for the phototherapy group versus 37.0% for the no phototherapy/placebo group; risk ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 2.28; low-quality evidence, downgraded for study limitations and imprecision). Two studies mentioned adverse events in the results; one study with 16 participants suggested that there were no device-related adverse events, and the other study with 14 participants suggested that there was no clear difference between phototherapy and placebo group.Four studies reported change in ulcer size, but primarily due to high heterogeneity, they were not combined. Results from individual trials (including 16 participants to 84 participants) generally suggested that after two to four weeks of treatment phototherapy may result in a greater reduction in ulcer size but the quality of the evidence was low due to unclear risk of bias in the original trial and small sample size. We based the analyses for quality of life and amputations on only one study each (28 participants and 23 participants respectively); both outcomes showed no clear difference between the phototherapy group and the no phototherapy/placebo group.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review of randomised trials suggested that phototherapy, when compared to no phototherapy/placebo, may increase the proportion of wounds completely healed during follow-up and may reduce wound size in people with diabetes, but there was no evidence that phototherapy improves quality of life. Due to the small sample size and methodological flaws in the original trials, the quality of the evidence was low, which reduces our confidence in these results. Large, well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm whether phototherapy could be an effective option for the treatment of foot ulcers in people with diabetes.
Topics: Diabetic Foot; Foot Ulcer; Humans; Phototherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Wound Healing
PubMed: 28657134
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011979.pub2 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Nov 2023Imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancers recently gathered increasing focus thanks to its precise diagnosis and potent therapeutic effectiveness. Croconaine...
Imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancers recently gathered increasing focus thanks to its precise diagnosis and potent therapeutic effectiveness. Croconaine (CR) dyes demonstrate potential in expanding utility for near infrared (NIR) dyes in bio-imaging/theranostics. However, reports on CR dyes for PTT are scarce most likely due to the short of the efficacious delivery strategies to achieve specific accumulation in diseased tissues to induce PTT. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are multifunctional nanoparticle systems that function as safe platform for disease theragnostics, which provide potential benefits in extensive biomedical applications. Here, we developed a novel delivery system for photothermal molecules based on a CR dye that exerts photothermal activity through CDH17 nanobody-engineered EVs. The formed CR@E8-EVs showed strong NIR absorption, excellent photothermal performance, good biological compatibility and superb active tumor-targeting capability. The CR@E8-EVs can not only visualize and feature the tumors through CR intrinsic property as a photoacoustic imaging (PAI) agent, but also effectively retard the tumor growth under laser irradiation to perform PTT. It is expected that the engineered EVs will become a novel delivery vehicle of small organic photothermal agents (SOPTAs) in future clinical PTT applications.
Topics: Humans; Photothermal Therapy; Phototherapy; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Nanoparticles; Photoacoustic Techniques; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37993888
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02133-5 -
Technology in Cancer Research &... 2018
Topics: Humans; Light; Neoplasms; Phototherapy
PubMed: 31117892
DOI: 10.1177/1533033819852971