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MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2023Pica has been largely understudied in general population samples. Pica occurs most often in childhood and appears more prevalent in individuals with autism and...
OBJECTIVE
Pica has been largely understudied in general population samples. Pica occurs most often in childhood and appears more prevalent in individuals with autism and developmental delays (DD). Pica occurrence in the general population is poorly understood due to few epidemiological studies.
METHOD
Data on 10,109 caregivers from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study who reported pica behavior at 36, 54, 66, 77, and 115 months on their child were included. Autism was obtained through clinical and education records, while DD was derived from the Denver Developmental Screening Test.
RESULTS
A total of 312 parents reported pica behaviors in their child. Of these, 19.55% reported pica at least at two waves (n=61). Pica was most common at 36 months (N=226; 2.29%) and decreased as children aged. A significant association was found between pica and autism at all five waves (p < .001). There was a significant relationship between pica and DD, with individuals with DD more likely to experience pica than those without DD at 36 (p = .01), and 54 (p < .001), 65 (p=.04), 77 (p <.001), and 115 months (p=.006). Exploratory analyses examined pica behaviors with broader eating difficulties and child body mass index.
DISCUSSION
Pica is an uncommon behavior in childhood; however, children with DD or autism may benefit from pica screening and diagnosis between ages 36-115 months. Children who exhibit undereating, overeating, and food fussiness may also engage in pica behaviors.
PubMed: 37333309
DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.04.23290951 -
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Jun 2023To assess the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)-PICA bypass possibility.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)-PICA bypass possibility.
METHODS
Fifteen adult cadaver heads were used for surgical simulation, and the far-lateral approach was used to expose the surgical field. The bilateral PICA course, diameter, and perforators were observed and measured to evaluate the possibility of a PICA-PICA bypass.
RESULTS
The PICA-PICA bypass was performed in seven (46.7 %) of the 15 specimens; the procedure was performed easily in three specimens, a little difficult in two, and was difficult in two specimens because of the relationship between the tonsil and the short parallel length of the bilateral tonsillomedullary (p3) segment. In eight (53.3 %) of the 15 specimens, PICA-PICA bypass was not feasible for reasons including 1) the caliber of the bilateral p3 was unmatched for bypass, 2) the distance of bilateral p3 in the midline was > 7 mm, 3) the middle segment of p3 perforating direct arteries limited the buffer length, and 4) single caudal loops.
CONCLUSION
The possibility of PICA-PICA bypass was determined by the proximity of the bilateral p3, caliber match, and mobilization of the bilateral caudal loop due to the perforators. The difficulty of the PICA-PICA bypass mainly depends on the relationship between the cerebellar tonsil and the parallel length of the bilateral PICA in the midline.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cerebral Revascularization; Cerebellum; Vertebral Artery; Cadaver; Intracranial Aneurysm
PubMed: 37163930
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107759 -
Nutrients Dec 2022During pregnancy, women tend to improve their lifestyle habits and refine their dietary intake. Quite often, however, these dietary improvements take an unhealthy turn,...
During pregnancy, women tend to improve their lifestyle habits and refine their dietary intake. Quite often, however, these dietary improvements take an unhealthy turn, with orthorexia nervosa (ON) practices being apparent. The aim of the present pilot cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of ON tendencies and the incidence of pica and record diet practices in a sample of pregnant women. A total of 157 pregnant women were recruited through private practice gynecologists during the first months of 2021. Nutrition-related practices were recorded, orthorexic tendencies were assessed using the translated and culturally adapted Greek version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire, pica practices were evaluated with a binary question and nausea and emesis during pregnancy (NVP) was evaluated using the translated modified Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (mPUQE). Only two women reported pica tendencies, with ice and snow being the consumed items. The majority (61.1%) of women reported improving their diet since conception was achieved. Folic acid and iron oral nutrient supplements (ONS) were reportedly consumed by the majority of participants (87.9% and 72.6%, respectively) and 9.6% reported using herbal medicine products. The ORTO-15 score was reduced with tertiary education attainment, ART conception, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, consumption of folic acid and MV supplements and was only increased among women who were at their first pregnancy. The majority of participants experienced severe NVP and the remaining experienced moderate NVP. NVP was associated with lower hemoglobin levels, lack of supplementary iron intake, avoidance of gluten-containing foods, as well as with increased gestational weight gain. The results highlight the need to screen pregnant women for disturbed eating behaviors and nutrition-related problems, in order to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Pregnant Women; Pilot Projects; Pica; Cross-Sectional Studies; Morning Sickness; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Vomiting; Nausea; Folic Acid; Iron
PubMed: 36558433
DOI: 10.3390/nu14245275 -
Journal of Eating Disorders Sep 2021Pica as a scavenging behavior represents a serious health hazard to the care of patients with schizophrenia. Despite the rare comorbidity of pica eating disorder and...
Pica as a scavenging behavior represents a serious health hazard to the care of patients with schizophrenia. Despite the rare comorbidity of pica eating disorder and schizophrenia, pica behaviors are relatively common in this group of patients (1.5% vs. 14.3%). The risk of multiple clinical problems such as electrolyte disturbances, intestinal obstruction, and heavy metal poisoning has made pica behaviors an important research topic in patients with schizophrenia. However, few studies have examined the etiology, mechanisms, and treatment of pica behaviors in schizophrenia. This letter is a call for further research into discovering the biopsychopathology of these major clinical manifestations among patients with schizophrenia.
PubMed: 34530936
DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00472-y -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2018A 2-year-old boy with a history of pica was admitted with vomiting and treated overnight for viral tonsillitis. A week later, he presented with a prolonged afebrile...
A 2-year-old boy with a history of pica was admitted with vomiting and treated overnight for viral tonsillitis. A week later, he presented with a prolonged afebrile seizure and required intubation and ventilation. Antibiotics and acyclovir were started. Despite extensive investigations including MRI head, no cause was identified. Four days later, he deteriorated with signs of raised intracranial pressure. On day 5, blood lead concentration in the sample collected at admission was reported as grossly elevated, consistent with a diagnosis of severe lead poisoning from ingesting lead-containing paint at the family home. Chelation therapy was started but, unfortunately, he did not make a neurological recovery, and care was withdrawn. A serious case review identified a lack of awareness of lead poisoning and its relation to pica as a root cause. We report this case to share our experience and the importance of considering lead poisoning in children with pica.
Topics: Brain Diseases; Chelating Agents; Chelation Therapy; Child, Preschool; Humans; Lead; Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Paint; Pica; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29523605
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222388 -
Journal of the American Association of... Feb 2016The study aims to review a condition defined by the desire to consume ice in order to satisfy an addictive-like compulsion, rather than for purposes of hydration or pain...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The study aims to review a condition defined by the desire to consume ice in order to satisfy an addictive-like compulsion, rather than for purposes of hydration or pain relief. This condition is called ice pica, or pagophagia. Associations between ice pica and iron deficiency, suggestions for clinical screening of at risk populations, and recommendations for treatment and follow-up care are provided.
DATA SOURCES
An extensive literature review of original research articles, reviews, clinical practice manuscripts, and scientific publications on pica and pagophagia.
CONCLUSIONS
A compulsion or craving for the consumption of ice is often overlooked in clinical practice. It is therefore important for clinicians to include ice pica as part of the review of systems for certain patient populations. Ice pica is frequently associated with iron deficiency, and iron supplementation is an effective therapy in most cases.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Knowledge gained from screening for ice pica can generate valuable patient information and lead to the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency. The populations at risk include young women and blood donors of either sex.
Topics: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Female; Humans; Ice; Iron; Male; Pica
PubMed: 25943566
DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12268 -
Forensic Toxicology 2017CUMYL-PICA [1-pentyl--(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-indole-3-carboxamide] and 5F-CUMYL-PICA [1-(5-fluoropentyl)--(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-indole-3-carboxamide] are recently...
CUMYL-PICA [1-pentyl--(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-indole-3-carboxamide] and 5F-CUMYL-PICA [1-(5-fluoropentyl)--(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-indole-3-carboxamide] are recently identified recreationally used/abused synthetic cannabinoids, but have uncharacterized pharmacokinetic profiles and metabolic processes. This study characterized clearance and metabolism of these compounds by human and rat liver microsomes and hepatocytes, and then compared these parameters with in vivo rat plasma and urine sampling. It also evaluated hypothermia, a characteristic cannabimimetic effect. Incubation of CUMYL-PICA and 5F-CUMYL-PICA with rat and human liver microsomes suggested rapid metabolic clearance, but in vivo metabolism was prolonged, such that parent compounds remained detectable in rat plasma 24 h post-dosing. At 3 mg/kg (intraperitoneally), both compounds produced moderate hypothermic effects. Twenty-eight metabolites were tentatively identified for CUMYL-PICA and, coincidentally, 28 metabolites for 5F-CUMYL-PICA, primarily consisting of phase I oxidative transformations and phase II glucuronidation. The primary metabolic pathways for both compounds resulted in the formation of identical metabolites following terminal hydroxylation or dealkylation of the -pentyl chain for CUMYL-PICA or of the 5-fluoropentyl chain for 5F-CUMYL-PICA. These data provide evidence that in vivo elimination of CUMYL-PICA, 5F-CUMYL-PICA and other synthetic cannabinoids is delayed compared to in vitro modeling, possibly due to sequestration into adipose tissue. Additionally, the present data underscore the need for careful selection of metabolites as analytical targets to distinguish between closely related synthetic cannabinoids in forensic settings.
PubMed: 28824730
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-017-0361-1 -
Journal of International Society of... Jan 2014PICA is an act or habit of eating non-food items such as stone, bricks, chalk, soap, paper, soil etc., It occurs in children who actually start seeing the world through... (Review)
Review
PICA is an act or habit of eating non-food items such as stone, bricks, chalk, soap, paper, soil etc., It occurs in children who actually start seeing the world through the oral cavity. There are many theories behind it such as iron and zinc deficiency etc., We as dentists should be able to diagnose and treat such conditions, as they may cause ill-effects to the developing dentition. This case report attempt to highlights the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment of pica.
PubMed: 24818086
DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.127851 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Nov 2023Allotriophagy is defined as food cravings that are different from the expected or the norm. It gives clinical pointers to an underlying diagnosis. We propose a new term,...
Allotriophagy is defined as food cravings that are different from the expected or the norm. It gives clinical pointers to an underlying diagnosis. We propose a new term, allotriodipsia which suggests a preference for beverages that are different from the norm. Taken together, these two entities may point towards certain endocrinological abnormalities and iatrogenic sequelae. In this communication we highlight the clinical relevance of allotriophagy and allotriodipsia.
Topics: Humans; Pica; Endocrine System Diseases
PubMed: 38013549
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.23-93 -
Global Journal of Health Science Aug 2015Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common disorder and social debilitating that has adverse effects on the mother, child and family. Pica is an eating disorder...
INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common disorder and social debilitating that has adverse effects on the mother, child and family. Pica is an eating disorder characterized by persistent ingestion of substances that the consumer does not define as food. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of postpartum depression with pica during pregnancy.
METHOD
This is case-control study was carried out in health centers in west Tehran. 152 depressed women (case group) and 148 non-depressed women (control group) were selected randomly from these health care centers. In addition to collecting demographic and pica data, the Edinburgh Depression Scale was used. The data was analyzed by both descriptive and analytic analyses such as chi-squared and logistic regression in SPSS version 16.
RESULT
In this study, there wasn't a significant association between PPD and pica during pregnancy (P=0.153, OR=2.043, CI=0.767, 5.438), but, postpartum depression has a significant association with type (clay) (P= 0.024) and duration (more than 2 months) (P= 0.023) of pica practice.
CONCLUSIONS
In the present study, pregnancy pica was not important risk factor for PPD but there were similar risk factors such as iron supplementation during and postpartum pregnancy with pica and PPD.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Iran; Pica; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26573027
DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p120