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JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Nov 2023Allotriophagy is defined as food cravings that are different from the expected or the norm. It gives clinical pointers to an underlying diagnosis. We propose a new term,...
Allotriophagy is defined as food cravings that are different from the expected or the norm. It gives clinical pointers to an underlying diagnosis. We propose a new term, allotriodipsia which suggests a preference for beverages that are different from the norm. Taken together, these two entities may point towards certain endocrinological abnormalities and iatrogenic sequelae. In this communication we highlight the clinical relevance of allotriophagy and allotriodipsia.
Topics: Humans; Pica; Endocrine System Diseases
PubMed: 38013549
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.23-93 -
Global Journal of Health Science Aug 2015Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common disorder and social debilitating that has adverse effects on the mother, child and family. Pica is an eating disorder...
INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common disorder and social debilitating that has adverse effects on the mother, child and family. Pica is an eating disorder characterized by persistent ingestion of substances that the consumer does not define as food. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of postpartum depression with pica during pregnancy.
METHOD
This is case-control study was carried out in health centers in west Tehran. 152 depressed women (case group) and 148 non-depressed women (control group) were selected randomly from these health care centers. In addition to collecting demographic and pica data, the Edinburgh Depression Scale was used. The data was analyzed by both descriptive and analytic analyses such as chi-squared and logistic regression in SPSS version 16.
RESULT
In this study, there wasn't a significant association between PPD and pica during pregnancy (P=0.153, OR=2.043, CI=0.767, 5.438), but, postpartum depression has a significant association with type (clay) (P= 0.024) and duration (more than 2 months) (P= 0.023) of pica practice.
CONCLUSIONS
In the present study, pregnancy pica was not important risk factor for PPD but there were similar risk factors such as iron supplementation during and postpartum pregnancy with pica and PPD.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Iran; Pica; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26573027
DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p120 -
Translational Vision Science &... Aug 2023The purpose of this study was to examine the sensitivity of quantitative metrics of the retinal vasculature derived from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A)...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the sensitivity of quantitative metrics of the retinal vasculature derived from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images.
METHODS
Full retinal vascular slab OCT-A images were obtained from 94 healthy participants. Capillary loss, at 1% increments up to 50%, was simulated by randomly removing capillary segments (1000 iterations of randomized loss for each participant at each percent loss). Thirteen quantitative metrics were calculated for each image: foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vessel density, vessel complexity index (VCI), vessel perimeter index (VPI), fractal dimension (FD), and parafoveal intercapillary area (PICA) measurements with and without the FAZ (mean PICA, summed PICA, PICA regularity, and PICA standard deviation [PICA SD]). The sensitivity of each metric was calculated as the percent loss at which 80% of the iterations for a participant fell outside of two standard deviations from the sample's normative mean.
RESULTS
The most used OCT-A metrics, FAZ area and vessel density, were not significantly different from normative values until 27.69% and 16.00% capillary loss, respectively. Across the remaining metrics, metric sensitivity ranged from 6.37% (PICA SD without FAZ) to 39.78% (Summed PICA without FAZ).
CONCLUSIONS
The sensitivity of vasculature metrics for detecting random capillary loss varies substantially. Further efforts simulating different patterns of capillary loss are needed for comparison. Additionally, mapping the repeatability of metrics over time in a normal population is needed to further define metric sensitivity.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
Quantitative metrics vary in their ability to detect vascular abnormalities in OCT-A images. Metric choice in screening studies will need to balance expected capillary abnormalities and the quality of the OCT-A images being used.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Benchmarking; Retinal Vessels; Fluorescein Angiography; Macula Lutea
PubMed: 37531114
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.2 -
Cureus Jul 2020Pica is an unusual condition in which patients crave and chew substances with no nutritional value. Ice pica (pagophagia) is commonly seen in patient with iron...
Pica is an unusual condition in which patients crave and chew substances with no nutritional value. Ice pica (pagophagia) is commonly seen in patient with iron deficiency. People chew ice cubes or add ice to their drinks to cool or refresh themselves, and they may not consider this as an abnormal behavior. Excessive ice chewing/eating can have significant health risks, including electrolyte abnormalities and metabolic disorders. We report a patient admitted to our hospital with severe hyponatremia and seizures due to iron deficiency-associated pagophagia. Ice pica leading to hyponatremia and seizure is not commonly seen in clinical practice. It was a challenging case and the patient was seen and investigated at outpatient clinic for polyuria, though an underlying cause was not identified. Patients may be secretive or reluctant to mention their pica habit. Studies have also shown that most physicians are unaware of pica and most cases can be easily missed.
PubMed: 32742885
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9330 -
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis Dec 2015Problem behavior exhibited by individuals with autism can be disruptive to family traditions, such as decorating for the holidays. We present data for a 6-year-old girl...
Problem behavior exhibited by individuals with autism can be disruptive to family traditions, such as decorating for the holidays. We present data for a 6-year-old girl who engaged in automatically reinforced pica and destruction of holiday decorations. Treatment was evaluated within an ABCDCD reversal design. During baseline (Phases A and B), we observed elevated rates of problem behavior. We implemented differential reinforcement of alternative behavior in Phase C to teach a response to compete with problem behavior. Little change in toy play or problem behavior occurred. In Phase D, we added a facial screen to the differential reinforcement procedures, which resulted in increases in toy play and decreases in problem behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of how interventions for problem behavior can promote alternative behavior while they facilitate household activities and traditions.
Topics: Aggression; Autistic Disorder; Behavior Therapy; Child; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Pica; Reinforcement, Psychology; Social Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26380947
DOI: 10.1002/jaba.255 -
Cureus Sep 2021Although pica is commonly associated with nutritional deficiencies, it is also observed in psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and less commonly...
Although pica is commonly associated with nutritional deficiencies, it is also observed in psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and less commonly in schizophrenia. We describe a case of pica in a 34-year-old male with decompensated schizophrenia. Emergency medical services brought the patient from a state facility as he was scavenging and eating foreign objects. Upon initial evaluation, no notable nutritional deficiencies were noted. After surgical removal of foreign objects, he was started on antipsychotics. His pica was determined to be due to his active psychosis involving delusions, disorganized thought processes, and loosening of associations. His psychosis improved on paliperidone intramuscular injection and oral olanzapine, which coincided with reduction and resolution of pica. Our case highlights the need to understand further the exact psychopathology of pica that may not be limited to nutritional deficiencies.
PubMed: 34540508
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17964 -
Forensic Toxicology Jan 2022The purpose of the current study was to evaluate an analytical characterization of a novel synthetic cannabinoid...
PURPOSE
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate an analytical characterization of a novel synthetic cannabinoid ethyl-2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-EDMB-PICA), which has a similar chemical structure to the controlled synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA.
METHODS
The compound was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), supercritical fluid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (SFC-QTOF-MS) and spectroscopic methods, such as attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies.
RESULTS
In this study, we reported a comprehensive analytical data of 5F-EDMB-PICA. The data of analytical characterization for the 5F-EDMB-PICA were obtained by GC-MS, SFC-QTOF-MS, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and H and C NMR spectroscopy.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we presented a comprehensive analytical characterization of 5F-EDMB-PICA obtained by H NMR, C NMR, GC-MS, SFC-QTOF-MS, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The analytical data of 5F-EDMB-PICA are very useful for forensic, toxicological, and clinical diagnosis.
Topics: Indoles; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Forensic Toxicology; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Cannabinoids
PubMed: 36454500
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-021-00605-7 -
Transfusion Apr 2017Pica, the compulsive consumption of ice or other nonnutritious substances, is associated with iron deficiency, a common negative consequence of frequent blood donation.... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Pica, the compulsive consumption of ice or other nonnutritious substances, is associated with iron deficiency, a common negative consequence of frequent blood donation. Because of this, blood donors, such as those participating in the Strategies to Reduce Iron Deficiency (STRIDE) study, are an ideal population to explore pica and iron deficiency.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
STRIDE was a 2-year intervention trial to assess the effectiveness of iron supplementation for mitigating iron deficiency in frequent blood donors. Subjects completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires that included questions about pica symptoms. In-depth telephone interviews were conducted with 14 of these subjects reporting pica symptoms and eight presumed controls (casual ice chewers) to gain a deeper understanding of pica symptoms and their impact on daily life and to make a final determination on the presence of pica.
RESULTS
Pica was confirmed in five of the 14 subjects reporting symptoms and in two of eight controls. Outcome misclassification based on the questionnaire was attributed to inadequate assessment of several pica symptoms identified during the interview. Comparison of subjects' repeated quantitative iron measurements taken throughout STRIDE with subjects' final adjudicated pica status revealed a positive relationship between development of pica and worsening iron status; the opposite was found in those whose pica symptoms resolved.
CONCLUSION
Continued refinement of pica symptom questions will allow for rapid and accurate detection of pica in frequent blood donors and confirmation of successful treatment with iron supplements.
Topics: Blood Donors; Cohort Studies; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Ice; Iron; Male; Pica; Time Factors
PubMed: 28164344
DOI: 10.1111/trf.13981 -
Neurosurgical Focus: Video Oct 2022A 47-year-old female with a history of a ruptured left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm, status post coil embolization and retreatment for...
A 47-year-old female with a history of a ruptured left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm, status post coil embolization and retreatment for recurrence, presented with evidence of a recurrent dissecting PICA aneurysm. Given that these aneurysms are considered high risk and have a greater propensity for rupture than anterior circulation aneurysms, retreatment was recommended. With the patient's strong preference for endovascular therapy, flow diversion with a Silk Vista Baby was performed. Given the low-profile design of the device, a radial artery approach and coaxial technique were used to deploy the flow diverter. The device was successfully placed, with complete obliteration of the aneurysm after 1 year. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.7.FOCVID2247.
PubMed: 36425264
DOI: 10.3171/2022.7.FOCVID2247 -
Cureus Dec 2023Iron deficiency is a critical global health issue. One of the intriguing manifestations linked to iron deficiency is the presence of pica. The physiological relationship...
BACKGROUND
Iron deficiency is a critical global health issue. One of the intriguing manifestations linked to iron deficiency is the presence of pica. The physiological relationship between the senses of smell and taste suggests that pica may be accompanied by an inclination towards the smell of earth (geosmin). The smell of geosmin is distinct and generally recognized as a pleasing scent. The objective of this study is to explore this potential association. The sign of liking the smell of earth will now be referred to as "geosminophilia", for the first time, in this study.
METHODS
Patients aged 18 years and above who visited the Iron Deficiency Outpatient Clinic between September 2021 and August 2022 were chosen for this cross-sectional study. The dataset excluded those with ferritin concentrations over 100 mcg/L and transferrin saturation over 45%. Demographics, presence of pica, history of geosminophilia, and laboratory findings were documented in physical and digital patient data. The descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and independent group comparison tests were performed.
RESULTS
With a mean age of 38.7±11.7 years, the study sample comprised 280 patients, of which 263 were female and 17 were male. Ninety-six patients (34.3%) had geosminophilia, while 29 patients (10.4%) had pica. The only factors that significantly distinguished the groups based on the presence of geosminophilia were gender (p=0.04) and age (p=0.02). Using the chi-square test to compare the presence of pica and geosminophilia, a statistically significant relationship was identified (p<0.001). Additionally, 72.4% of patients who presented with pica had geosminophilia. Pica was absent in 96% of patients who did not have geosminophilia. A total of 93.8% (15/16) of pica cases with geophagia subtype exhibited the presence of geosminophilia. A significant correlation (r=0.27, p<0.001) was also observed between geosminophilia and pica.
CONCLUSION
In iron deficiency patients, geosminophilia and the presence of pica may accompany each other. Therefore, geosminophilia has the potential to be a new symptom of iron deficiency.
PubMed: 38222205
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50460