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British Medical Journal Mar 1969
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Contraceptives, Oral; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 5769857
DOI: No ID Found -
Fertility and Sterility Oct 2020
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Live Birth; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32819678
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.07.040 -
British Medical Journal Jan 1978
Topics: Amenorrhea; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Prolactin
PubMed: 620144
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6104.45 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1967
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 6021318
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5545.174 -
British Medical Journal Sep 1972
Topics: 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Porphyrias
PubMed: 5071693
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Oct 1964
Topics: Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Thrombophlebitis; Thrombosis; Toxicology
PubMed: 14220840
DOI: No ID Found -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Mar 1976
Topics: Amenorrhea; Animals; Contraceptives, Oral; Dogs; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Infertility; Male; Progesterone; Rabbits
PubMed: 822261
DOI: No ID Found -
Family Planning Perspectives 2001After decades of debate, the oral contraceptive pill was legalized in Japan in June 1999. Because the pill had been unavailable up until then, little is known about the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
CONTEXT
After decades of debate, the oral contraceptive pill was legalized in Japan in June 1999. Because the pill had been unavailable up until then, little is known about the public's knowledge about, attitudes toward and intentions to use the pill.
METHODS
In a nationwide probability sample, 630 women and men were interviewed in their homes in March 1999. Respondents were asked a range of questions to gauge their knowledge about and attitudes toward the pill.
RESULTS
Most respondents (79%) could identify both the name and purpose of the birth control pill. Roughly the same proportion of respondents held an overall positive impression (44%) as held a negative impression (42%) of the pill, and 14% were undecided about the method. The pill's high level of effectiveness in pregnancy prevention was the most common reason for having a favorable impression of it (47%). Women were more concerned about side effects than were men, and they also knew more about the pill's potential side effects than did men. Only 12% of respondents said they intended to use the pill if it were approved. Roughly one-quarter (23-26%) did not correctly identify the pill's inability to protect against HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
CONCLUSIONS
Legalization of oral contraceptives in Japan has led to an urgent need to educate both men and women on the inability of the pill to protect against STDs, including HIV Policymakers and providers need to recognize the importance of encouraging dual method use in Japan.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Contraceptives, Oral; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Sampling Studies; Sex Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 11407435
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health Jul 2021In Mexico, many pharmacies sell oral contraceptives (OCs) over the counter (OTC); however, little is known about the background characteristics of OTC pill users. The...
AIM
In Mexico, many pharmacies sell oral contraceptives (OCs) over the counter (OTC); however, little is known about the background characteristics of OTC pill users. The primary objective of this study was to understand the characteristics of OTC OC users in Mexico, including whether there were differences by age, urbanicity, and insurance status. This information is instructive as other countries explore allowing OTC access to OCs.
METHODS
We analysed the nationally representative 2014 Mexican National Survey of Demographic Dynamics (ENADID) among a sample of OC users aged 15-54 years (n=1970). We performed multivariable logistic models to understand the characteristics associated with OTC access, with age, urbanicity, and insurance status as our primary predictors of interest. Additionally, we descriptively explored knowledge of how frequently to take OCs by pill source and age.
RESULTS
Some 54% of pill users, including 66% of those aged 15-17 years, obtained their OCs OTC. In multivariable regression we found no differences in OTC access by age. However, being uninsured (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.86, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.82) (compared with employer-based public insurance) and living in an urban area (AOR 4.73, 95% CI 3.37 to 6.66) (compared with rural area) were associated with a higher odds of OTC access among pill users. Women's knowledge of how frequently to take OCs was similar between OTC and prescription users within age groups.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings point to the importance of OTC availability of OCs for pill users of all ages and uninsured and urban women in Mexico in particular.
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Medically Uninsured; Mexico; Nonprescription Drugs; Pharmacies
PubMed: 33431615
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200778 -
Reproductive Biomedicine Online Jul 2015The planning of IVF treatment by scheduling menstruation and hence initiation of ovarian stimulation using sex-steroid pre-treatment is commonly used. Pooling data from...
The planning of IVF treatment by scheduling menstruation and hence initiation of ovarian stimulation using sex-steroid pre-treatment is commonly used. Pooling data from six randomized-controlled trials encompassing 1343 patients, with and without combined oral contraceptive pill pre-treatment, suggests that the ongoing pregnancy rate per randomized woman is significantly lower in patients with oral contraceptive pill pre-treatment (relative risk [RR]: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.97; rate difference [RD]: -5%, 95% CI: -10% to -1%; fixed effects model). This finding remains remarkably robust in multiple sensitivity analyses: exclusion of a study on poor responders, exclusion of the three smallest studies or exclusion of studies with a pill-free interval of less than 5 days, results in RR of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64-0.94), 0.80 (95% CI: 0.65-0.98) and 0.79, (95% CI: 0.64-0.99), respectively. Furthermore, the finding of a significant reduction in ongoing pregnancy rate is not inconsistent with other evidence from the literature. The potential benefit of using oral contraceptive pill pre-treatment for cycle planning should therefore be balanced against its detrimental effect. Further randomized studies should test whether an effect similar to the one observed after combined oral contraceptive pill usage exists after other sex steroid pre-treatment regimens.
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 25985996
DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.04.001