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The Ocular Surface Jul 2015To evaluate the use of a commercially available, high-resolution, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) device in the diagnosis of corneal and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To evaluate the use of a commercially available, high-resolution, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) device in the diagnosis of corneal and conjunctival pathologies, with a focus on malignant lesions.
METHODS
Eighty-two eyes of 71 patients were enrolled in this prospective case series, including 10 normal eyes, 21 with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), 24 with a pterygium or pingueculum, 3 with lymphoma, 18 with pigmented conjunctival lesions (nevus, flat melanosis, or melanoma), and 6 with Salzmann nodular degeneration. Subjects were imaged using photography and HR-OCT (RTVue, Optovue, Fremont, CA). When clinically indicated, surgery was performed and histopathologic specimens were correlated with OCT images.
RESULTS
HR-OCT was useful in differentiating among various lesions based on optical signs. Specifically, in OSSN, HR-OCT findings included epithelial thickening and hyper-reflectivity, whereas pterygia and pinguecula showed a subepithelial mass under thinner epithelium. In lymphoma, a hypo-reflective, homogenous subepithelial mass was observed. Differentiating between pigmented lesions with HR-OCT was more difficult, but certain characteristics could be identified. Eyes with nevi and melanoma both displayed intensely hyper-reflective basal epithelial layers and discrete subepithelial lesions, but could be differentiated by the presence of cysts in nevi and intense shadowing of sublesional tissue in most melanomas.
CONCLUSION
We found that a commercially available HR-OCT was a useful noninvasive adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of ocular surface lesions.
Topics: Conjunctiva; Conjunctival Diseases; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 26045235
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.02.001 -
Scientific Reports May 2023Ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF) imaging is used to visualise ocular surface changes due to sunlight exposure and so is considered to be a biomarker for UV damage....
Ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF) imaging is used to visualise ocular surface changes due to sunlight exposure and so is considered to be a biomarker for UV damage. The conjunctival and scleral thicknesses of participants with and without ocular surface UVAF were measured to examine the UVAF associated tissue thicknesses. The presence of UVAF on the ocular surface was associated with significant differences in tissue thickness including thinner conjunctival epitheliums and thicker scleras but predominantly thickening of the conjunctival stroma. Participants were also classified into four groups according to the presence and absence of UVAF on both the temporal and nasal conjunctivas. It was noted that for those that had only nasal UVAF, the temporal conjunctival stroma was significantly thicker even without the presence of UVAF. Some participants with temporal UVAF had signs of pinguecula observed with slit lamp examination and some had OCT SLO enface imaging darkening. These findings highlight the potential of techniques other than slit lamp examination, including tissue thickness measurement and UVAF photography, in the detection of early UV-related changes to the ocular surface.
Topics: Humans; Sclera; Ultraviolet Rays; Cross-Sectional Studies; Conjunctiva; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37193731
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35062-2 -
BMC Ophthalmology Dec 2019To determine the repeatability of measurements of ocular surface vessel density in normal and diseased eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
BACKGROUND
To determine the repeatability of measurements of ocular surface vessel density in normal and diseased eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS
Ten normal eyes, 10 pinguecula eyes, and 10 pterygium eyes of 30 volunteers were subjected to OCTA (AngioVue Imaging System, Optovue, Inc.). For scanning, we used the corneal adapter module. Each eye was scanned three times in the nasal and temporal directions, separately. AngioVue software was used to generate the ocular surface vessel density. Ocular surface vessel density was defined as the proportion of vessel area with blood flow to the total measurement area (3 × 3 mm). Intersession repeatability of the measurement was summarized as the coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated by variance component models.
RESULTS
The CVs were less than 5% in all subjects, and the ICCs exceeded 0.9; thus, all measurements showed good repeatability. The nasal vessels densities differed significantly between healthy eyes and eyes with pterygium (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between healthy eyes and eyes with pinguecula (P = 0.466).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that measurement of ocular surface vessel density by OCTA in normal eyes and eyes with pterygium and pinguecula is repeatable. This preliminary research describes a quantitative and visual method for assessing vessel density of the ocular surface with a high level of consistency.
Topics: Adult; Blood Vessels; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Pterygium; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31823755
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1255-2 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2011Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare, autosomal recessive disease caused by a defect in DNA repair. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum often have cutaneous and ocular sun... (Review)
Review
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare, autosomal recessive disease caused by a defect in DNA repair. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum often have cutaneous and ocular sun sensitivity, freckle-like skin pigmentation, multiple skin and eye cancers, and, in some patients, progressive neurodegeneration. Xeroderma pigmentosum predominantly affects the ultraviolet (UV) exposed ocular surface, resulting in eyelid atrophy and cancers, corneal dryness, exposure keratopathy, and conjunctival tumors. We report the clinical history and ocular pathology of two white women who had xeroderma pigmentosum with neurological degeneration: Case 1 (died at age 44 years) and Case 2 (died at age 45 years). Case 1, with mutations in the XPA gene, had more than 180 basal cell carcinomas of her skin and eyelids and died from complications of neurodegeneration. Case 2, with mutations in the XPD gene, was sun-protected and had three skin cancers. She died from complications of neurodegeneration and pneumonia. Both patients had bilateral pinguecula, corneal pannus, and exposure keratopathy. Case 1 had bilateral optic atrophy, and Case 2 had bilateral peripheral retinal pigmentary degeneration. Both patients developed retinal gliosis. The ophthalmic manifestations and pathology of xeroderma pigmentosum are discussed and reviewed with respect to this report and other cases in the literature. These cases illustrate the role of DNA repair in protection of the eyes from UV damage and neurodegeneration of the retina.
Topics: Adult; Ciliary Body; Fatal Outcome; Female; Hamartoma; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Retinal Degeneration; Skin Neoplasms; Uveal Diseases; Xeroderma Pigmentosum; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein
PubMed: 21684361
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2011.03.001 -
Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of... Mar 2014Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) may follow seasonal or perennial pattern. There are climatic and racial risk factors involved in some types of AC. It is more prevalent in...
BACKGROUND
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) may follow seasonal or perennial pattern. There are climatic and racial risk factors involved in some types of AC. It is more prevalent in warm climatic conditions and among Afro-Caribbeans, Arabs and Asians and less among the White populations. Clinical presentations also seem to follow climatic and genetic predisposition. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of AC and its clinical presentations in a hospital setting in this region in people of all ages.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a hospital-based retrospective study of new patients seen at Adoose Specialist Hospital, Jos the capital city of Plateau State in North Central Nigeria with clinical diagnosis of AC from 2000 to 2009.
RESULTS
There were 972 subjects, 474 (48.8%) males and 498 (51.2%) females with M:F ratio of 1:1.05. The most common symptom was itching followed by redness, pains, watery/mucoid discharge, sticky eyes, puffy eyes and photophobia. The presence of papillae in the upper tarsal or lower conjunctiva, a discrete or confluent gelatinous hypertrophy of the limbal conjunctiva (Trantas dots), hyperpigmentation, hyperemia/chemosis of the conjunctiva were the common signs. AC was more prevalent in those aged 1-16 years 38.4% decreasing to 4.9% in the age group above 50 years. The presentation followed perennial pattern, with a peak around July. The most prevalent ocular comorbid condition was refractive error (distant RE and presbyopia) in 15.4%, followed by pterygium/pinguecula 3.6%, bacterial conjunctivitis in 2.2%, glaucoma 2.1% and eyelid disorders 1.7%. Cataract was present in 1.3%, and keratopathy 1.1%. Other conditions such as episcleritis, dry eye, vitamin A deficiency and posterior segment disease were also present in decreasing order. Systemic association were few with generalised body atopy in 0.3%.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of AC was 32% and is similar to what pertains in some of the African hospital studies, but differs in presentation from the Caucasians.
PubMed: 24791053
DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.129664 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2021Recently, it has been recommended that population-based studies report not only frequencies of vision impairment and blindness but also any ocular abnormalities that...
Recently, it has been recommended that population-based studies report not only frequencies of vision impairment and blindness but also any ocular abnormalities that might lead an individual to seek for eyecare services. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity (VA) status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region. Disturbances were grouped into: Eyelids; Anterior Segment; Posterior Segment; Increased intraocular pressure; and Overall Globe. The presence of an ocular finding was considered positive when any abnormality was noted, regardless of VA. Refractive errors were not considered. A total 2384 eligible persons were enumerated and 2041 (85.6%) examined. The prevalence of ocular disturbances in either eye was 87.0% and was associated with male gender, older age, lower education, and rural residence. Overall, main findings were pterygium, cataract, and pinguecula, occurring in 58.8%, 45.4% and 17.4%, respectively. Among individuals with 20/20 VA in both eyes, the most frequent findings were pterygium, pinguecula, and glaucoma cupping, occurring in 47.4%, 31.2% and 6.5%, respectively. The high prevalence of ocular findings observed in this population reinforces that different conditions might not immediately decrease VA but can indicate risk and/or discomfort symptoms and should be considered when planning public health ophthalmic services.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brazil; Eye Diseases; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 34887482
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03172-4 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2018Psoriasis is a common disorder worldwide. The prevalence of psoriasis in Egypt, an African country with a Caucasian population, ranges 0.19-3%. Despite this relatively...
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis is a common disorder worldwide. The prevalence of psoriasis in Egypt, an African country with a Caucasian population, ranges 0.19-3%. Despite this relatively high prevalence of psoriasis, there are no epidemiologic data regarding the burden of associated eye affection. Determining the magnitude of the problem could help in offering better integrated health services.
AIM
The purpose of this study was to evaluate eye involvement in a sample of Egyptian psoriatic patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This case-control study included 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Psoriasis extent and severity was graded by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Complete ophthalmological examination and tests for dry eye were performed to all subjects.
RESULTS
The mean age of the psoriasis group was 50.7 ± 14.3 years. Thirty eight percent of the cases were females. The mean duration of psoriasis was 10.1 ± 7.5 years. Psoriasis patients had more conjunctival injection (n = 40, P = 0.035), more pinguecula (n = 38, P = 0.048) than controls. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I, and Rose Bengal staining showed statistically significant positive results in the psoriasis group.
CONCLUSION
This is the first report on the prevalence of eye comorbidities in Egyptian psoriatic patients. Dry eyes were more common with psoriasis, particularly the erythrodermic type. Other ocular findings were not statistically significantly different except for conjunctival injection and pinguecula.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Dry Eye Syndromes; Egypt; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Psoriasis; Young Adult
PubMed: 29067934
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_1239_15 -
Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 2024
PubMed: 38524339
DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_200_22 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 1976
Topics: Conjunctiva; Eye Diseases; Humans; Pterygium
PubMed: 1031388
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports May 2016We describe the case of a presumed metastatic adenocarcinoma discovered in the conjunctival limbus of a 75-year-old male with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma. After...
We describe the case of a presumed metastatic adenocarcinoma discovered in the conjunctival limbus of a 75-year-old male with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma. After an initial clinical diagnosis of pinguecula and unsuccessful topical steroid therapy, the lesion was excised and sent for pathological evaluation and special staining. The histopathological evaluation was consistent with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, without evidence of lacrimal tissue. Surprisingly, results from special staining were most consistent with lung adenocarcinoma rather than that from a prostate origin. Systemic radiographic evaluation did not locate the primary tumour, and the patient did not present with any symptoms consistent with malignancy. Watchful waiting was chosen as the therapeutic strategy to manage the patient. This is the first report of an adenocarcinoma, likely metastatic, at the conjunctival limbus.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Aged; Conjunctival Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 27190113
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214501